Browsing by Author "Surendra Pratap Mishra"

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A study for evaluating clinical relevance of circulating cell‑free DNA in cervical cancer
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Anju Shrivastava; Garima Singh; Kumud Tiwari; Surendra Pratap Mishra; Satyajit Pradhan; Lalit Mohan Agarwal; Samarendra Kumar Singh
Introduction: Recent techniques available for the detection of cervical cancer (CC) are highly invasive and costly, which makes it a rate‑limiting step toward early diagnosis of this fatal disease. Evaluation of circulating cell‑free DNA (ccfDNA) through liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive and cost‑effective method that may serve as a unique tumor marker for early detection, treatment monitoring, the status of residual disease, and distant tumor metastasis in CC patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, initially, ccfDNA was measured in serum samples from 11 histopathologically proven cervix carcinoma patients and 8 controls. On successful screening, it was further extended to 2 more patients with a series of serum samples extracted at 3 different phases of the concurrent chemoradiotherapy (i.e., before, during, and after 6 months of follow‑up). Results: Agarose gel electrophoresis profile for ccfDNA of CC patients showed that of 11 patients, 4 patients had a comparatively higher tumor burden (ccfDNA) than the other 7 patients. Notably, during concurrent chemoradiotherapy, ccfDNA load disappeared and, after 6 months of follow‑up, appeared back due to distant metastasis. Conclusion: Hence, we propose that this method could be an affordable and reliable way to diagnose/screen CC. © 2020 Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics.
A study of oxidative stress in cervical cancer- an institutional study
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Kulsoom Zahra; Sandeep Patel; Tulika Dey; Uma Pandey; Surendra Pratap Mishra
Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide, especially in developing countries. Oxidative stress has been associated with cervical cancer. Many studies demonstrated that the low level of antioxidants induces the production of free radicals that cause lipid peroxidation, DNA, and protein damage leading to mutations that favors malignant transformation. This is a case-control institutional study conducted to evaluate the level of oxidative stress in cervical cancer patients and the age-matched healthy controls. We measured level of TBARS expressed as MDA, activity of SOD and GSH level by the spectrophotometric method, and level of 8-OHdG was estimated using a competitive sandwich ELISA assay. Our results showed a significant increase in the level of lipid peroxidation in group IV when compared to the control, group II and group III (p < 0.001). The activity of SOD was also significantly higher in group IV when compared to the control group (p < 0.001), group II (p < 0.001), and group III (p < 0.001). The level of GSH was also significantly lower in group IV when compared to the control group (p < 0.01), group II (p < 0.01), and group III (p < 0.01). The level of 8-OHdG was significantly higher in group IV than in the other groups (p < 0.01). The results suggest that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer, which is demonstrated by an increased level of lipid peroxidation and higher levels of 8-OHdG and an altered antioxidant defense system. © 2020
An assessment of serum oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters in patients undergoing treatment for cervical cancer
(Elsevier Inc., 2021) Anju Shrivastava; Surendra Pratap Mishra; Satyajit Pradhan; Sunil Choudhary; Saurav Singla; Kulsoom Zahra; Lalit Mohan Aggarwal
Objectives: Oxidative stress and antioxidants are involved in all aspects of cervical cancer. The present study evaluated serum levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers in cervical cancer patients and healthy controls. Moreover, the effect of Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) on these biomarkers and their association with treatment outcome was investigated. Design: This study included ninety-seven cervical cancer patients and thirty controls. Three oxidative stress parameters (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, Protein Carbonyl, and Malondialdehyde) and four antioxidant parameters (Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, and Total Antioxidant Status) were measured. The analysis was conducted using repeated measures ANOVA for comparing among the phases (before, during, and follow-up) of treatment. The control group was compared using the Dunnet test. Logistic regression analysis was also conducted between oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters to study their association. Results: Significant rises in oxidative damage markers were observed in cervical cancer patients of all stages, compared to controls. There was a further increase in oxidative stress markers during CCRT among complete responders. However, among non-responders, the oxidative stress biomarkers like Protein Carbonyl and Malondialdehyde were unaltered during CCRT. Simultaneously, there was a significant decrease in antioxidant parameters in cervical cancer patients of all stages compared to controls. During CCRT, antioxidant levels continuously depleted among complete responders. Nevertheless, in non-responders, antioxidant parameters like Superoxide Dismutase and Total Antioxidant Status were consistent. The oxidative stress markers and antioxidant parameters normalized among complete responders at six months follow up. While in non-responders, the normalization of these parameters was not observed. Conclusion: Our results indicate that increased oxidative stress and diminished antioxidants among patients were associated with carcinoma cervix. Induced oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant parameters during CCRT among the complete responders show the treatment's efficacy. Oxidant-antioxidant profile merits investigation as markers of diagnosis, treatment response, survival, and recurrence in extensive prospective studies. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
Comparative evaluation of mucin and total protein in periodontal disease before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024) J.P. Vishnu; Anju Gautam; Surendra Pratap Mishra; Farhan Durrani; Fouzia Imran; Ekta Kumari
Background: Periodontal ailments cause a quantum leap in the biomarker profile of the saliva. This profile is, in fact, the epiphany of the scale and extent of the disease. Both gingivitis and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases with a step-grade progression. The study aimed to determine the response of the host in these conditions by analyzing concentrations of salivary mucin and total protein activity, before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Materials and Methods: Sixty adult subjects were clinically examined and divided into three groups (n = 20) according to the clinical assessment and categorized as Group I (healthy), Group II (gingivitis), and Group III (chronic periodontitis). Whole saliva was collected, and salivary mucin and total protein levels were quantitatively measured at baseline in all the groups and additionally after NSPT in Groups II and III. Results: Levels of mucin and total protein increased in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. There was a slight decline in mucin levels in periodontitis patients in comparison with the gingivitis group. A positive correlation was found between the respective clinical parameters of both the groups along with their levels of salivary mucin and total protein. It indicated that the response of salivary glands to increase their protective potential caused the change among the groups. Conclusion: Periodontal diseases induce an increase in the levels of mucins and proteins, which is believed as the action of the salivary glands to protect the oral cavity and put off the chaos caused by the microorganisms. © 2024 Indian Society of Periodontology | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.
Correlation of oxidative damage with pro-inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α) in meningocele
(Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2016) Bedabrata Mukhopadhyay; Roshni Gavel; Ajay N. Gongopadhyay; Pooja Vashistha; Anjali Rani; Surendra Pratap Mishra
Introduction: Oxidative damage induces alteration in the status of pro-inflammatory markers like IL-6 and TNF-α in meningocele. The study was performed with estimation of the levels of MDA (Malonyldialdehyde), SOD (Superoxide dismutase) taken as oxidative damage markers and IL-6 (interleukin 6) and TNF-α (Tumour necrosis factor alpha) taken as inflammatory markers, in the serum of meningocele patients and age, sex matched normal neonates. Correlation among the different serum levels of MDA, SOD, IL-6 and TNF-α was determined. Materials and Methods: It is a case-control study, comprising of 153 participants: 101 newborns with meningocele and 52 healthy newborns. The study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, in collaboration with the Department of Paediatric Surgery and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Sunderlal Hospital, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The study was conducted during the period of 2012 to 2014. Serum was extracted from blood collected from both groups i.e. meningocele patient group and healthy neonatal control group. The levels of MDA and SOD were determined by spectrophotometric method. IL-6 was determined by the Human IL-6 High Sensitivity ELISA Kit and TNF-α was determined by the Human TNF-α ELISA KIT. Results: The levels of MDA,TNF-α and IL-6 were found to be much higher and level of SOD was found lower in the patients with meningocele as compared to the normal healthy neonates. Conclusion: Increased MDA (oxidative damage product), IL-6, and TNF-α (inflammatory marker) and low level of SOD shows an increased inflammatory response in Meningocele. Our study shows Negative Correlation between MDA and SOD in case & control groups, while a Positive Correlation between TNF alpha and IL-6 in control & case groups. © 2016, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved.
Diagnostic and prognostic application of Raman spectroscopy in carcinoma cervix: A biomolecular approach
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Anju Shrivastava; Lalit Mohan Aggarwal; Chilakapati Murali Krishna; Satyajit Pradhan; Surendra Pratap Mishra; Sunil Choudhary; Chandan Bhai Patel; Saurav Singla; Ashish; Ranjan Kumar Singh
Blood serum samples from 63 cervical cancer patients and 30 controls were collected at three different phases of the treatment (i.e. before, during, and at follow up). The spectra of serum samples from control as well as patients were classified into different groups using principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based on different phases of treatment using R software. The spectra of blood serum samples have shown the distinct changes and differences compared with each other in the profile of various biochemical parameters. The sensitivity (92.5%) and specificity (85%) were observed maximum between control and cervical cancer patients (before treatment). Between different phases of treatment, the sensitivity and specificity were less but, all accuracies of detection and classification reached above 50%. This method can be considered as a screening method for detection and treatment monitoring. © 2020
Effects of SARS-Cov-2 infection and rhino-orbital mucormycosis on concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers in Indian populations
(IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2022) Ajay Kumar Yadav; Shivam Tiwari; Bhupendra Kumar; Abhay Kumar Yadav; Ashish Ashish; Nitish Kumar Singh; Manpreet Kaur; Shivani Mishra; Shani Vishwakarma; Surendra Pratap Mishra; Rajendra Prakash Maurya; Nargis Khanam; Pooja Dubey; Janhavi Yadav; Royana Singh; Sayeed Mehbub Ul Kadir
Rhino-orbital mucormycosis is a rare life threatening invasive fungal infection that has recently shown a very high mortality rate in India during COVID-19 pandemic. We have designed the present study to find out associations between COVID-19 induced rhino-orbital mucormycosis and concentrations of inflammatory markers, i.e. D-dimer, Ferritin, IL-6, CRP and PCT, in blood serum of Indian population. There were four groups in the study, viz. control group with healthy subjects, treatment group-1 with patients suffering from SARS-COV-2 infection, treatment group-2 with patients suffering from both SARS-COV-2 infection and rhino-orbital mucormycosis, and treatment group-3 with patients suffering from rhino-orbital mucormycosis after SARS-COV-2 infection recovery. Inflammatory markers were quantified with standard protocols, and recorded data were subjected to statistical analyses. We found that patients suffering from SARS-COV-2 infection were more susceptible to rhino-orbital mucormycosis, as they had higher concentrations of inflammatory markers in their blood than the other subjects. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and renal disorders were the associated comorbidities with the patients. We also found higher concentrations of inflammatory markers in males than the females, indicating towards their higher susceptibility in developing rhino-orbital mucormycosis than females. Present study therefore suggests that the frequent occurrence of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in India during second wave of COVID-19 was possibly due to indiscriminate use of corticosteroids by COVID-19 patients. Subjects with previous history of comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders and renal diseases are the most susceptible population groups for developing infection. Moreover, males are at higher risk of developing mucormycosis than the females. © 2022 Innovative Publication, All rights reserved.
Evaluation of the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine levels in chronic periodontitis
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Anju Gautam; Neelam Mittal; Surendra Pratap Mishra; Tej Bali Singh; Akhilesh Chandra
Background: Reactive oxygen species released on stimulation by periodontal pathogens cause oxidation of biomolecules and play significant role in periodontal disease pathogenesis. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the levels of oxidative by-products malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as biomarkers in chronic periodontitis patients compared to healthy as well as before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. The correlation between biomarkers and clinical attachment level was also evaluated. Settings and Design: A total of 112 subjects were included in this study. The subjects were divided into two groups (Group I included 56 healthy subjects and Group II constituted 56 chronic periodontitis patients) on the basis of clinical periodontal parameters. Materials and Methods: Group I subjects received no treatment and were evaluated once only for clinical and oxidative stress biomarker parameters. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy was carried out in Group II patients and they were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after therapy. Results: Both salivary and serum levels of MDA and 8-OHdG were found to be increased in chronic periodontitis patients as compared to healthy subjects. After nonsurgical periodontal therapy, the levels of MDA and 8-OHdG significantly reduced. Linear correlation between clinical attachment level and oxidative stress parameters was found to be positive and highly significant. Conclusion: It can be concluded that periodontal therapy is effective in improving the oxidative stress condition. © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
Evidence in Reaching Consensus in Usage of Mandibular Advancement Device for Pre- and Post-obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment with Blood and Salivary Inflammatory Biomarkers Profiles
(Springer, 2024) Thakur Prasad Chaturvedi; Pooja Priyadarshani; Vipul Kumar Sharma; Ishita Shrivastava; Deepak Singh; Surendra Pratap Mishra; Navneet Kumar Dubey
Purpose: To date, inconsistencies in biological sample-based biomarkers and processing protocols exist for determining obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by recurrent upper airway collapse. Hence, in this study, we investigated blood and salivary inflammatory biomarker profiles in pre- and post-MAD treated OSA patients. Methods: We corroborated OSA characteristics in 12 patients through polysomnography, which were treated with customized titratable MAD. Saliva and blood samples were obtained to determine inflammatory and stressed states through salivary α-amylase and cortisol. serum levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α were also measured. Results: Levels of salivary alpha-amylase (12.86 ± 7.81 to 10.73 ± 6.60) p = 0.001 were significantly reduced with no significant difference between cortisol levels in the morning (19.79 ± 15.67 to 21.09 ± 17.97, p = 0.647), afternoon (26.73 ± 38.50 to 22.47 ± 19.36, p = 0.566), and evening (10.51 ± 7.86 to 8.02 ± 6.14, p = 0.054). Additionally, CRP (2.65 ± 0.88 to 2.19 ± 0.60) p = 0.010, IL-6 (3.12 ± 1.92 to 2.61 ± 1.50) p = 0.009, and TNF-α (40.43 ± 98.84 to 38.18 ± 100.82) p = 0.026 were significantly suppressed. Conclusion: MAD exerted anti-inflammatory, anti-stress & depression-exerting impacts in OSA patients, possibly via hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. In our opinion, MAD is an economical alternative compared to positive airway pressure (PAP) in mild-moderate OSA, while in severe cases, a synergistic approach of MAD and PAP may be considered. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Free radicals and antioxidant status in chronic osteomyelitis patients: A case control study
(Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2015) Abha Jyoti; Saurabh Singh; Bedabrata Mukhopadhyay; Roshni Gavel; Surendra Pratap Mishra
Introduction: Osteomyelitis (OM) is a local or generalized infection of the bone and bone marrow which may be multifactorial in its causation. Chronic infection is characterised by sequestrum and involucrum formation. Aim: The present study has been carried out for assessing the oxidative stress in chronic OM by measurement of serum oxidants {such as malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), nitrite} and the serum antioxidants {such as ascorbic acid, superoxide dismutase (SOD), ceruloplasmin (Cp), blood glutathione} by spectrophotometric method. Materials and Methods: This was a case control study. About 5 ml of venous blood was collected for the estimation of biochemical parameters. This study comprised of 50 OM patients diagnosed at SSLH Hospital, Varanasi and 50 healthy ages (15-35 y) and sex matched individuals. Results: Significantly increased (p<0.0001) levels of serum oxidants and significantly decreased (p<0.0001) levels of all serum antioxidants except ceruloplasmin indicated significantly increased (p<0.0001) levels in response to infections in chronic OM patients as compared to the healthy controls. Conclusion: These results suggest that there occurs an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, especially an increase in oxidative stress, as measured by the levels of the parameters: serum MDA, serum protein carbonyl and serum nitrite. © 2015 Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved.
Free radicals and antioxidants in normal versus cancerous cells — An overview
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), 2019) Anju Shrivastava; Lalit Mohan Aggarwal; Surendra Pratap Mishra; Hari Dev Khanna; Uday Pratap Shahi; Satyajit Pradhan
Oxygen is vital for aerobic processes of metabolism and respiration-It has been also implicated in many diseases and degenerative conditions. Free radicals formed from reactive oxygen and nitrogen species act as key players in the initiation and progression of tumor cells and enhance their metastatic potential. The imbalance in the formation and use of free radicals in the tissue creates oxidative stress. Inadequacy in normal cells antioxidant defense system or excessive free radical formation or even both can cause the cell to experience the oxidative stress. This review outlines the involvement of free radicals in different aspects of cancer, from prevention to initiation, progression, treatment and to reduce morbidity and mortality. © 2019, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved.
Free radicals and antioxidants status in neonates with congenital malformation
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2015) Bedabrata Mukhopadhyay; Ajay Narayan Gongopadhyay; Anjali Rani; Roshni Gavel; Surendra Pratap Mishra
Background: Several studies using animal models have shown that oxidative stress during pregnancy may play an important role in causing birth defects. Congenital anomalies affect an estimated 270,000 newborns who die during the first 28 days of life every year from different birth defects. Hence, at present many research works are going on to reduce the infant mortality from congenital anomaly. [1] Objective: The objective was to measure the oxidant and antioxidant level in the serum of newborn babies with the congenital anomaly and compare these levels with age and sex matched normal neonates. This is to identify any role of oxidative stress in the causation of congenital anomaly. Materials and Methods: This case-control study included 159 participants: 106 newborns with the congenital anomaly and 53 healthy newborns. The markers of oxidative stress like serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level, protein carbonyl (PC) level, and the activity of antioxidants such as Vitamin C, glutathione were measured in both cases (neonates with congenital anomaly) and controls (normal healthy neonates). These parameters were statistically compared. Results: MDA levels and PC levels were significantly higher (P < 0.0001), and Vitamin C and reduced glutathione levels were significantly lower (P < 0.0001), in newborns with congenital malformation than in healthy newborns. Conclusions: Increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation might play an important role in the pathogenesis of congenital anomaly. Impairment of the free radical/antioxidant balance is leading to increased free radical damage in neonates with congenital malformation.
Is there a correlation between micronutrients and cognitive status: An exploratory study of senile dementia of Alzheimer’s type
(Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2018) Pooja Vashistha; Kulsoom Zahra; Ashok Kumar; Tapan Kumar; Mona Srivastava; Surendra Pratap Mishra
Introduction: Alzheimer disease is a multifarious neurodegenerative disorder which is a leading cause of dementia in late adult life. It is characterised by deposition of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular amyloidal protein which contributes to senile plaques. Studies suggested that vitamin B12 (cobalmin) and folate (folic acid) deficiency in the elderly are most common. These micronutrients are crucial for proper brain function and play an important role in mental and emotional health. Aim: To evaluate the level of homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin D in the serum of the patient suffering from Senile Dementia of Alzheimer’s Type (SDAT). Materials and Methods: The study was an open label, cross sectional and comparative analysis. There were 110 patients suffering from SDAT taken as sample. Study included elderly patient aged 60-75 years and the duration of the study was 17 months (December 2014 to May 2016). The Group 1 (n=110, case) included patients whose age between 60-75 year given Treatment As Usual (TAU) and they were supplemented with oral vitamin B12 and folate during the treatment and Group 2 (n=55, control) included patients whose age between 60-75 year given TAU i.e., without any supplementation. The study was done by Competitive, sandwich Enzyme-linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA) to assess the serum level of homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin D in patients suffering from SDAT (as cases) and healthy individual (as control). The statistical analysis was done by Student’s t-test. The data were expressed as mean±SD, p<0.05 was considered significant and mean±SD, p<0.001 was highly significant. Results: The mean serum homocysteine level was higher in cases (11.65±8) nm/mL as compared to controls (6.27±6.77) nm/mL. The mean value of serum homocysteine was found significant in cases as compared to controls (p<0.001). The serum folate (17.59±22.74 ng/mL/26.65±27.26 ng/mL), vitamin B12 (1.27±1.61 ng/mL/1.44±0.75 ng/mL) and vitamin D (21.01±34.68 ng/mL/42.74±70.49 ng/mL) level was lower in cases as compared to controls. the mean value of folate, vitamin B12and vitamin D was found to be not significant in cases as compared to controls (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study concluded that higher serum homocysteine levels, lower vitamin D, vitamin B12 and folate levels are risk factor for the SDAT. © 2018, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved.
Liver Function Markers Response to Different Exercise Intensities in Athletes: A Single Bout Perspective
(Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre, 2024) Jagdeep Singh; Pradeep Singh Chahar; Samir Kumar Singh; Surendra Pratap Mishra; Anshul Meena; Ravi Kumar
Exercise provides considerable health advantages through promoting proper body system functioning, healthy growth and development, and quality of life. The present study investigated the effect of single bout High-Intensity Exercise (HIE) compared to Low-Intensity Exercise (LIE) on liver function markers in athletes. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physical Education, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (UP). A total of 20 healthy male athletes with age range from 22 to 26 years were randomly selected and underwent 5 minutes of HIE and LIE separated by one week. Blood samples for selected liver function markers were taken pre-exercise, immediately, 10 and 20 minutes post-HIE and LIE, respectively. A repeated measures ANOVA with greenhouse-geisser correction found a significant difference between high and low intensity exercises for SGOT (F=5.881; p<0.05) and SBT (F=7.154; p<0.05) values, while statistically insignificant in the case of SGPT (F=1.572; p>0.05). In high intensity exercise there was statistically significant difference for SGOT (F=7.564; p<0.05) value between different time points. Post hoc analysis with a bonferroni correction showed that SGOT value was significantly increased immediately after the HIE, reducing 10 minutes after the exercise and closely returned to baseline level after 20 minutes of exercise, whereas LIE showed no significant changes. Exercise intensity is important as it triggers liver pathology by asymptomatic modifying liver function markers. These findings can be used to develop and administer exercise training plans for athletes. © 2024, DESIDOC.
Pyruvate Kinase M2 and Cancer: The Role of PKM2 in Promoting Tumorigenesis
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2020) Kulsoom Zahra; Tulika Dey; Ashish; Surendra Pratap Mishra; Uma Pandey
Pyruvate kinase plays a pivotal role in regulating cell metabolism. The final and rate-limiting step of glycolysis is the conversion of Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to Pyruvate, which is catalyzed by Pyruvate Kinase. There are four isomeric, tissue-specific forms of Pyruvate Kinase found in mammals: PKL, PKR, PKM1, and PKM2. PKM1 and PKM2 are formed bya single mRNA transcript of the PKM gene by alternative splicing. The oligomers of PKM2 exist in high activity tetramer and low activity dimer forms. The dimer PKM2 regulates the rate-limiting step of glycolysis that shifts the glucose metabolism from the normal respiratory chain to lactate production in tumor cells. Besides its role as a metabolic regulator, it also acts as protein kinase, which contributes to tumorigenesis. This review is focused on the metabolic role of pyruvate kinase M2 in normal cells vs. cancerous cells and its regulation at the transcriptional level. The review also highlights the role of PKM2 as a potential diagnostic marker and as a therapeutic target in cancer treatment. © Copyright © 2020 Zahra, Dey, Ashish, Mishra and Pandey.
Serum vitamin A, E and C status in cervical cancer patients undergoing Concurrent Chemo-Radiotherapy, an institutional study
(Elsevier Inc, 2019) Anju Shrivastava; Satyajit Pradhan; Surendra Pratap Mishra; Anupam Kumar Asthana; Sunil Choudhary; Kulsoom Zahra; Lalit Mohan Aggarwal
Vitamin A, E, and C are powerful non enzymatic antioxidants responsible for capturing free radicals, and thus, they prevent oxidative chain reactions. Persistent oxidative stress may cause resistance to apoptosis, which promotes cell proliferation and leads to the tumor and its angiogenesis. Serum level of Vitamin A, E, and C were estimated in carcinoma cervix patients at different phases of treatment and compared it with healthy controls. Ninety-seven histopathologically diagnosed Cervical Carcinoma patients, and thirty age-matched healthy controls were included in this study. Blood samples were taken once from the controls. From each patient undergoing Radiotherapy, four samples were collected i.e., before, during, immediately after and at three months follow-up of treatment. The serum was separated and stored at −20 °C until examination. Statistical analysis was done with the commercial SPSS 21.0 package for Windows (SPSS, IBM Bangalore). P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Vitamin A, E, and C levels were lower in carcinoma cervix patients of all FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stages compared to controls. Patient serum levels of vitamins decreased again during Concurrent Chemo-Radiotherapy and immediately after the therapy. There is an elevation shown by these vitamins after three months of follow up. The results indicate that the lower serum vitamin A, E, and C levels before treatment could be a cause or an effect of cancer. Further decrease in vitamin levels during and immediately after therapy shows the high oxidative stress during the treatment period, which is beneficial for the patient. These altered vitamin levels were normalized during the time of follow-up. © 2019
Unravelling the Significance of NLRP3 and IL-β1 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Potentially Malignant Oral Disorders: A Diagnostic and Prognostic Exploration
(Springer, 2024) Trupti Jain; Akhilesh Chandra; Surendra Pratap Mishra; Mahesh Khairnar; Shivangni Rajoria; R. Maheswari; R. Keerthika; Shivam Tiwari; Rahul Agrawal
Background: Nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), an inflammasome, is reported to be dysregulated or aberrantly expressed in chronic inflammation, leading to a myriad of inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. This study aimed to explore the expression and role of NLRP3 protein and the secreted cytokine IL-β1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and potentially malignant oral disorders (PMOD). Material & Methods: Tissue NLRP3 expression was quantified using sandwich ELISA in 30 cases each of OSCC, PMOD, and normal oral mucosa. Serum IL-β1 level was also measured by ELISA to determine their correlation. In surgically treated OSCC cases, pathological parameters such as tumor size, depth of invasion (DOI), pTNM stage, and perineural & lymphovascular invasion were assessed and correlated with NLRP3 & IL-β1 levels to investigate their roles in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Results: Tissue NLRP3 expression was markedly elevated in OSCC, with significant IL-β1 levels observed in the serum of both OSCC and PMOD cases. Both markers showed a pronounced increase with the severity of dysplasia, indicating a strong association (p = 0.003%). The expression levels of tissue NLRP3 and serum IL-β1 were positively correlated with DOI and tumor size. Furthermore, their elevated levels, alongside higher histological grades, indicate roles in the dedifferentiation and progression of tumor cells. Conclusion: The findings indicated that increased expression of NLRP3 and IL-β1 in PMOD correlates with higher transformation rates, along with tumor progression and dedifferentiation in OSCC. Consequently, these markers hold promise as valuable targets for prognostic assessment, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies in OSCC. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.