Browsing by Author "Surendra Singh Bargali"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

Agroforestry and Its Services for Soil Management and Sustainability
(Springer Singapore, 2021) Nahid Khan; Manoj Kumar Jhariya; Abhishek Raj; Arnab Banerjee; Ram Swaroop Meena; Surendra Singh Bargali; Shailesh Kumar Yadav; Anita Kumawat
Agroforestry systems (AFs) ensure greater biodiversity that intensifies ecosystem services in tangible and intangible ways. Accounting ecosystem services through well-managed agroforestry systems are other important aspects of scientificstudies nowadays. AFs are an integration of trees with crops, and it also includes animal farming with the intensive land management system. In the twenty-first century, land management is one of the major challenges, and AFs have the vast potential to address and recognize these challenges as well as facilitate various services in a sustainable manner. Soil is the largest natural resource that sustains billions of life and supports a variety of flora and fauna. Agroforestry (AF) plays important role in soil health management that ensures ecological stability and environmental sustainability. In AFs interaction between aboveground and belowground components takes place which helps in improving the soil quality and provides shelter to many biota and soil organisms. Through AF soil management and conservation can be done and also the protection of agroecosystem at the regional and local level. The practices of sustainable soil management (SSM)make the pave for achieving the goal of sustainability. Thus, scientific AFs promise the SSM that enhances biodiversity through intensification of ecosystem services at the global scale. Soil fertility enhancement, better nutrient cycling, and higher resource use efficiency along with carbon sequestration for climate change mitigation are important services provided by AFs. AF also reduces carbon and environmental footprints by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and its sequestration and storage into both plants and soils. Thus, an effective policy and good governance are more important in achieving sustainability through adopting better scientific AFs in the tropical world. A future roadmap must be laid onadopting location-specific AF models for maintaining soil health and quality for a better sustainable world. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
CO2 Capture, Storage, and Environmental Sustainability: Plan, Policy, and Challenges
(Springer Nature, 2022) Abhishek Raj; Manoj Kumar Jhariya; Arnab Banerjee; Ram Swaroop Meena; Surendra Singh Bargali; B.H. Kittur
Environmental management and its sustainability are a key concern today. Anthropogenic CO2 emission and its related negative consequences on environment were observed due to industrial development, mining, deforestation, and intensive agricultural practices. This unstoppable rising CO2 concentration impairs key environmental services and its sustainability. Recently, NOAA-based Mauna Loa Atmospheric Baseline Observatory has reported CO2 concentration of about 419 ppm in 2021 along with 40 billion MT of CO2 pollution every year in the environment. This figures enough to represent unstoppable CO2 emissions which need global concern urgently. GHGs including CO2 emissions raised global temperature are under the discussion table of IPCC and at global policy platforms during Paris Agreement and COP-21. However, many countries have participated in Paris Agreement and COP-21 for reducing emissions and set a target to reduce 2 °C global temperature identified by IPCC. Similarly, the target of zero emission is also discussed in several climate policy papers including IPCC and during Paris Agreement and COP-21. Introducing recent and updated climate-resilient technologies, viz. carbon dioxide capture, and storage (CCS), reduces excessive emission and performs C sequestration and storage for long term in various environmental components such as lithosphere (soil/geology), hydrosphere (ocean), and biosphere. Similarly, forest-based CO2 removal (CDR) policy emphasized sustainable forest management (SFM) practices for greater CO2 sink and storage in terrestrial forest ecosystem. Monitoring CO2 concentration in environment through remote sensing is an effective tool that helps to assess CO2 sequestration at global level. An effective policy, research, and favorable political situation are needed for greater potential of CO2 removal and storage into the vegetation, ocean, and underground geological formation. Thus, a hawk eye remains constant on rising CO2 in atmosphere and its sequestration through better research technologies for sustainable environment which becomes global agenda for climate policy makers. © The Editor(s)(if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Plan and Policies for Soil Organic Carbon Management Under Agroforestry System
(Springer Nature, 2022) Manoj Kumar Jhariya; Abhishek Raj; Arnab Banerjee; Ram Swaroop Meena; Surendra Singh Bargali; Sandeep Kumar; Sharad Nema; P. Poonam; Prabhat Ranjan Oraon
Soil degradation is a major issue through various countries across the globe. During the present century, it was observed that land degradation has become a predominant phenomenon among different environmental perturbation. As per one estimate, 3 billion people (1/3) across the globe are suffering crisis situation in terms of land degradation. Anthropogenic process such as deforestation and land-use changes causes 30% reduction in C (carbon) stock. Further, faulty and unscientific agricultural practices cause more than 50% depletion of soil organic C. This in turn causes reduction of 5–7 tons C/hectare. Therefore, proper soil management along with maintenance of soil C pool becomes important from the context of arresting further soil degradation. In this connection, 122 countries across the globe have already initiated land restoration and rehabilitation programs. Considering this fact sustainable land-use practices in the form of agroforestry and ecofriendly farming become essential component for well-being of human civilization. Agroforestry has huge potential to provide 50% demand of fuelwood, 60% of small timber, 75% of plywood, 60% of paper pulp raw material, and up to 10% green fodder requirement with a ground coverage of 29.38 million hectare (8.94% of country’s area). This in turn contributes up to 38% of C sink to the total sink of forest and other vegetation of the country. Proper policy and planning are essential requirement to properly manage soil C and maintain the long-term soil sustainability. Key policy issues include 4p1000; Bonn Challenge has been initiated throughout the world for proper management of soil health and sustainability. For C management and maintenance of soil fertility practices such land degradation neutrality, sustainable land management is the effective measure. In this perspective, key policy agenda includes Agenda 2030 Target 15.3 on Land Degradation Neutrality which has already been initiated for public awareness regarding soil resources. Further, more than 60 countries are working in the field of integrated soil fertility management for soil organic C buildup through agroforestry. Agroforestry implementation through National Agroforestry Policy 2014 is a masterstroke for India to implement agroforestry practices under diverse land use prioritizing 20 multipurpose tree species under policy perspective. Overall, suitable policy and planning on case-to-case basis are required to formulate to achieve the 2030 goal of sustainable development. © The Editor(s)(if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Species invasion and ecological risk
(Elsevier, 2021) Manoj Kumar Jhariya; Arnab Banerjee; Abhishek Raj; Ram Swaroop Meena; Nahid Khan; Sandeep Kumar; Surendra Singh Bargali
In modern times, the biodiversity is suffering from different factors across the world. Ecological invasion (EI) is a potential threat to biodiversity, which is yet to be acknowledged and explored properly throughout the world. The impact of invasive species (IS) is very much severe as it causes irreplaceable damage to the ecosystem. EI may also have transboundary impact across the globe leading to habitat degeneration. The major problem by invasive biota includes understanding the learning of species from individual point of view rather ecosystem point of view. Most of the impact was studied in relation to particular species. Few studies on EI have reported the impact on biodiversity, ecological services, and on natural resources. Under the era of technology and development, the earth’s environment is gradually becoming hostile for IAS in comparison to indigenous species. The biggest challenge seems to be change in indigenous species composition by IAS species. In global context, it was observed that indigenous species is gradually being replaced by IAS leading to change in the nature of ecosystem both in developed and developing world. This issue of invasion is very much severe under tropical conditions as the medium of dispersal of spores of various weeds are very much active to promote EI in the tropics. The EI varied between 10% and 70% in the area of tropical America, Africa, and Neo-tropical region. From Indian perspective, colonial rule played active part for dispersal of IAS. It has been found that 1/4th of the exotic species often acts as IS in India. Such huge amount of invasion often imposes problems on soil, biodiversity, ecosystem services, human health, forest ecosystem, economy, socioeconomic conditions, food security, agroecosystem, and many other aspects of ecological instability. The major cause behind such event includes changes in land-use practices, habitat conditions, loss of indigenous biodiversity, biotic interferences and above all lack of research, development, and awareness and subsequent management in relation to EI. Considering the problem of EI proper strategy formulation and risk assessment needs to be done for effective management of floral invasion. Integrated weed management, restriction of weed invasion, awareness regarding early perception of weed infestation are some of the major scientific approaches which needs to be implemented through research and developmental activities to combat against this negative event. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.