Browsing by Author "Surendra Singh Jatav"

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Agriculture ecosystem models for CO2 sequestration, improving soil physicochemical properties, and restoring degraded land
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Ram Swaroop Meena; Ashutosh Yadav; Sandeep Kumar; Manoj Kumar Jhariya; Surendra Singh Jatav
Plans outlined in the conference of parties (COP) 26 included the restoration of degraded lands as one of the targets for achieving long-term food sustainability under climate change. The experiment aimed to assess carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration and improvement in soil physicochemical properties of agriculture ecosystem models. The results of the experiment shows that the bulk density (ρb) and particle density (ρd) were significantly influenced at both depths 0–10 and 10–20 cm in developed ecosystems. The lowest (1.36 g cc−1) and highest (1.57 g cc−1) values of ρb were recorded at the depth of 0–10 cm in forest land (FL) and mono-cropping rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation land (MCRCL), respectively. The minimum values (kg ha−1) of N (161.27), P (14.87), and K (152.07) were recorded at the depth of 0–10 cm in mono-cropping wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivated land (MCWCL), guava (Psidium guajava) + green gram (Vigna radiata) cultivation land (GGCL), and MCRCL, respectively. Moreover, the maximum N (207.60 kg ha−1) and P (19.27 kg ha−1) were recorded at the depth of 0–10 in FL system, and K (204.60 kg ha−1) in Karonda (Carissa carandas) cultivation land (KCL). The minimum soil N (158.93 kg ha−1) was recorded in pasture land (PL), while P (13.37 kg ha−1) and K (146.0 kg ha−1) was found in MCRCL system at the depth of 10–20 cm. While the highest soil organic carbon (SOC) stock was recorded in FL (18.40 Mg ha−1) and least in MCWCL system (6.57 Mg ha−1). The highest to the lowest value of CO2 sequestration (Mg ha−1) was found in the FL system (115.06) followed by KCL (41.11), GGCL (38.93), MCWCL (22.10), MCRCL (17.65), PL (9.40), and seasonal pond area (SPA 0.87). Likewise, the highest to lowest value of total C credit (US$) was found in FL (342.03) after that KCL (122.2), GGCL (115.71), MCWCL (65.7), MCRCL (52.45), PL (27.94), and SPA (2.6), respectively. With the creation of agricultural ecosystem models on degraded land, this work gives a roadmap for repairing degraded land, enhance the terrestrial CO2 sequestration, C-credit, and boosting ecological services, which may contribute to attaining long-term food sustainability. © 2022
An Overview of Micronutrients: Prospects and Implication in Crop Production
(Springer International Publishing, 2020) Hanuman Singh Jatav; L. Devarishi Sharma; Rahul Sadhukhan; Satish Kumar Singh; Surendra Singh; Vishnu D. Rajput; Manoj Parihar; Surendra Singh Jatav; Dinesh Jinger; Sunil Kumar; Sukirtee
Micronutrients are important for plant growth and they significantly play an important role in balanced crop nutrition. They are vital for appropriate growth and development of plants in their entire life span. A deficiency of any one of the micronutrients in the soil can limit the growth of plants, even when all other nutrients are available in adequate amounts. The deficiency of micronutrients is widespread in many areas due to the nature of soils, high pH, low organic matter, salt stress, continuous drought, high bicarbonate content in irrigation water and imbalanced application of fertilisers. In India, the most deficient micronutrient in the soil is Zn, followed by B. In recent years, the deficiency of micronutrient has risen to a great extent. Zn and B deficiencies are focussed mainly for their adverse impacts on human health and food production. This chapter attempts to examine the defects of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, B and Mo deficiency in the soil and crops as well as the management of micronutrient deficiencies by way of fertilisation, development of agronomic strategies and creation of awareness of micronutrient dose. Deficiencies of Zn and B cause some severe complications in crop production in India. In view of the problems, we discuss the importance of micronutrients in agriculture and their roles and ways to improve crop productivity. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.
Application of Sewage Sludge in a Rice (Oryza sativa L.)-Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) System Influences the Growth, Yield, Quality and Heavy Metals Accumulation of Rice and Wheat in the Northern Gangetic Alluvial Plain
(MDPI, 2022) Surendra Singh Jatav; Satish Kumar Singh; Manoj Parihar; Amnah Mohammed Alsuhaibani; Ahmed Gaber; Akbar Hossain
For a sustainable and profitable agriculture production system, balanced and integrated use of nutrients is a key strategy. In addition, partial replacement of chemical fertilizers with organics ones reduces both environmental concerns and economic costs and provides greater soil health benefits. With this hypothesis, an experiment was conducted to assess the yield and economic benefits of a rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) as influenced by the joint application of sewage sludge (SSL) and fertilizer. The treatments comprised: without fertilizer or SSL; 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF); 100% RDF + 20 Mg ha−1 SSL; 100% RDF + 30 Mg ha−1 SSL; 50% RDF + 20 Mg ha−1 SSL; 60% RDF + 20 Mg ha−1 SSL; 70% RDF + 20 Mg ha−1 SSL; 50% RDF + 30 Mg ha−1 SSL; 60% RDF + 30 Mg ha−1 SSL and 70% RDF + 30 Mg ha−1 SSL. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The result of our study indicate that the highest percent increase in mean plant height i.e., ~14.85 and ~13.90, and grain yield i.e., ~8.10 and ~18.90 for rice and wheat, respectively, were recorded under 100% RDF + 30 Mg SSL ha−1 treatment compared to 100% RDF, while 70% RDF + 20 Mg ha−1 SSL produced a statistically equivalent grain yield of 100% RDF in RWCS. The application of 20 and 30 Mg SSL ha−1 along with recommended or reduced fertilizer dose, significantly increased the heavy metal content in plant and soil systems above that of 100% RDF, but this enhancement was found within permissible limits. Moreover, the reduced use of SSL i.e., 20 Mg SSL ha−1, resulted in lower heavy metal content in grain and soil than did the 30 Mg ha−1 SSL treatment, but significantly higher than in the absolute control or 100% RDF treatment. In summary, the use of 20 Mg ha−1 SSL along with 70% RDF provided a safer, profitable and sustainable option in a rice-wheat cropping system in the middle Ganegatic alluvial plain. © 2022 by the authors.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mediated salt tolerance by regulating antioxidant enzyme system, photosynthetic pathways and ionic equilibrium in pea (Pisum sativum L.)
(Akademiai Kiado Rt., 2020) Manoj Parihar; Amitava Rakshit; Kiran Rana; Gopal Tiwari; Surendra Singh Jatav
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play an important role in improving the plant tolerance to salt stress. In the present study, we investigated the influence of AM fungi inoculation on various physiological, biochemical and nutritional aspects of pea grown under salt stress. The AM fungi inoculation successfully reduced the negative effects of salinity by improving the antioxidant enzyme system, a greater accumulation of compatible organic solutes, a higher content of photosynthetic pigment and a balanced uptake of nutrients, which resulted in higher growth and yield. Seed yield was found to be significantly higher by ~ 24, 40 and 54% in T2 (Rhizoglomus intraradices), T3 (Funneliformis mosseae and R. intraradices) and T4 (Rhizoglomus fasciculatum and Gigaspora sp.), respectively, as compared to nonmycorrhizal plants. Overall, a mixed application of R fasciculatum and Gigaspora sp. was superior to other mycorrhizal treatments, which can be attributed to specific compatibility relationships or functional complementarity that exists between symbionts. © 2020, Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Abundance, Interaction with Plants and Potential Biological Applications
(Springer, 2020) Manoj Parihar; Manoj Chitara; Priyanaka Khati; Asha Kumari; Pankaj Kumar Mishra; Amitava Rakshit; Kiran Rana; Vijay Singh Meena; Ashish Kumar Singh; Mahipal Choudhary; Jaideep Kumar Bisht; Hanuman Ram; Arunava Pattanayak; Gopal Tiwari; Surendra Singh Jatav
Beneficial microbes associated with plant roots play an important role to achieve higher agriculture production for burgeoning population in sustainable way. Among various microbes, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi interaction with higher land plants is unique as they occupy position both inside and outside of roots. AM fungi as a natural symbionts of land plants provide various ecological services, in particular by improving plant water and nutrition availability, soil health and fertility, alleviating stress condition and wasteland management. Mycorrhizae as a broader group of fungi include seven types of members, i.e. arbuscular, ecto, ectendo, arbutoid, monotropoid, ericoid and orchidaceous, while arbuscular and ectomycorrhizae are the most abundant and ubiquitous. In this chapter, we focus on AM fungi and provide an overview on mycorrhizal interaction, benefits, processes, production development and potential application domain under various conditions. Along with recent advances in AM fungi role under various stress condition, reclamation of problematic wastelands and production aspects, we also discuss about the basic features of AM fungi with past developments to provide an overall glimpse of this plant-fungal interaction. In spite of its growing trends, AM fungi’s current application and market sharing are far below to full potential. Regarding this, current challenges, constraints and strategies for future road map to overcome these problems are also discussed briefly. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
Assessment of micronutrients fractionations and mobility in soils of eastern Uttar Pradesh
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2021) Abhik Patra; Satish Kumar Singh; Surendra Singh Jatav; Ravindra Kumar Rekwar
In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to assess the various chemical forms and mobility factor (MF) for zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in different soils of eastern Uttar Pradesh.For this purpose, surface soil (0-15 cm) samples from two different locations were collected under Entisol, Inceptisol, Vertisol and Alfisol during 2019-20 and analysis was done in the laboratory of Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, BHU, Varanasi.The modified Tessier sequential extraction procedure was used to determine the chemical pools of Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn in each soil.Results indicated that total metal content follows the order of Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu across the soil orders, whereas mobility factor of micronutrients arranged as: Mn>Cu>Zn>Fe.The highest exchangeable (F1), carbonate bound (F2), Fe-Mn oxides bound (F3), organically bound (F4) and residual (F5) fraction were recorded in Inceptisol, Vertisol, Alfisol, Inceptisol and Alfisol, respectively for micronutrients, i.e.Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn.The mean percentage value of various micronutrients fractions were in the order of F5>F3>F4>F2>F 1, except Mn, whose chemical forms follows the order of F3>F5>F4>F2>F1.The Zn and Cu were highly mobile in Vertisol while Fe and Mn in Entisol. © 2021 Indian Council of Agricultural Research. All rights reserved.
Biogeoaccumulation of zinc in hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) in an Inceptisol amended with soil zinc application and its bioavailability to human being
(Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies, 2022) Kiran Kumar Mohapatra; Satish Kumar Singh; Abhik Patra; Surendra Singh Jatav; Vishnu D. Rajput; Victoria Popova; Olesya Puzikova; Olga Nazarenko; Svetlana Sushkova
Soil Zn amended is an efficient agronomical Zn biofortification approach in rice. However, it is still need to know if higher rate of Zn over recommended dose can influence other essential nutrient uptake, high accumulation of Zn in soils and health risk for human consumption. This study was conducted by taking ten treatments (T1: control, T2: RDF, T3: RDF + 1.25 mg kg-1, T4: RDF + 2.5 mg kg-1, T5: RDF + 3.75 mg kg-1, T6: RDF + 5 mg kg-1, T7: RDF + 6.25 mg kg-1, T8: RDF + 7.5 mg kg-1, T9: RDF + 8.75 mg kg-1, T10: RDF + 10 mg kg-1) on hybrid rice in Zn (1.20 mg kg-1) enriched soil. The findings have shown that 6.25 mg kg-1 Zn application significantly increased crop growth and grain concentrations of N, K, Zn, Cu and Fe by 71.4, 125, 78.9, 28.5 and 2.4%, respectively. Nutrient harvest index was significantly affected by ranged between 29.1–36.4%. Application of Zn at 6.25 mg kg-1 (T7) recorded the highest Zn concentration in grain (28.2 mg kg-1) and bioavailability of the fortified Zn (2.05 mg Zn day-1). The lowest phytatic acid concentration in grain was recorded in T8 (RDF + Zn at 7.5 mg kg-1) and after that a significant increase was observed. Transfer coefficient was inversely behaving with Zn application and ranged between 6.03–18.0 grain. The average daily intake of Zn was ranged between 0.075–0.118 mg-1 kg-1 day. Across different treatments the Zn build-up factor, geo-accumulation index and soil enrichment factor was ranged between 0.98–4.90,-0.61–1.70 and 0.24–1.82, respectively in post-harvest soil. In conclusion, agronomic biofortification of Zn through soil applications at 6.25 mg Zn kg-1 was a sustainable way to improving growth and grain Zn, N, K, Cu and Fe uptake of hybrid rice to meet human recruitment. © 2022 Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies. All rights reserved.
Climate-Resilient Rice Establishment Practices: Findings and Lessons from Two Villages in Bihar, India
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023) Subhashisa Praharaj; Ratnesh Kumar Jha; Anil Kumar Singh; Shishir Kumar Gangwar; Rajendra Pratap Singh; Madhu Sudan Kundu; Abdus Sattar; Chelpuri Ramulu; Abhinav Kumar Singh; Surendra Singh Jatav; Abhik Patra
A growing population, changing climate, scarcity of resources, and the urgent need to achieve sustainable development goals makes it imperative to reimagine agriculture in a way that makes it economically profitable, climate-resilient, resource-efficient. Traditional rice production technology involving puddling and transplanting has often been criticized for its inefficient resource utilization, high cost of production, and emission of greenhouse gases such as methane. Direct-seeded rice (DSR), promoted for its climate-resilient nature, is often utilized by farmers in three different ways: broadcasting, line sowing, and zero tillage. However, these establishment methods have certain advantages and limitations, as perceived by farmers. The present study attempts to closely study the crop performance of rice under the abovementioned crop establishment methods. The study was conducted in farmers’ fields in a way where both the farmers’ freedom and research conditions were equally taken care of. The study aims to analyze crop performance while emphasizing farmers’ field-based knowledge to ensure a lab-land-lab loop for understanding the scope of refinement in agronomic as well extension strategies. The results of this study reveal the superiority of zero tillage over broadcasting and line sowing in terms of crop performance and economic performance in the northwest alluvial plain zone of Bihar. The study has also identified the constraints associated with adoption of line sowing and zero tillage. © 2023 by the authors.
Comparing the Organic Carbon Fractions in Composts of Agricultural Wastes at Different Temperatures and Stages
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Ajit Kumar Meena; Dnyaneshwar V. Mali; Ram Swaroop Meena; Surendra Singh Jatav; Ram Hari Meena; Jitendra Singh Bamboriya; Premlata Meena; Shyam D. Jadhao; Abed Alataway; Ahmed Z. Dewidar; Mohamed A. Mattar
This experiment aimed to look at active and passive soil organic carbon percentages during composting different agricultural wastes at different temperatures. It is essential to understand how various agricultural wastes composting oxidase the carbon (C) during decomposition at various temperatures. The highest C content in the crop residce was recorded in the gliricidia (42.1) and the lowest in the cotton stalk (36.2), while the highest temperature (41.35 °C) recorded during the decomposition in the (T 4) 40% wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw (WS) + 40% cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) stalk (SCS) + gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) leaf (GL) at 70 days and the lowest temperature (20.25 °C) in the T 1 100% WS at 119 days. The experimental pits comprising six treatments were laid out in a completely randomized design with four replications. Treatments were as follows: (T 1) 100% WS; (T 2) 100% SCS; (T 3) 50% WS + 50% SCS; (T 4) 40% WS + 40% SCS + GL; (T 5) 30% WS + 30% SCS + 20% GL + 20% sorghum (Sorghum bicolour) stubbles (SS); and (T 6) 25% WS + 25% SCS + 25% GL + 25% SS. This study showed that with an increase in the decomposition period, the C pools significantly had higher levels of very labile content (18.64 g kg–1) and labile content (5.65 g kg–1). Less labile content (0.45 g kg–1) was recorded in T 6, whereas the highest non-labile content (37.98%) was recorded in T 1. These C pools reached their maximum concentrations at the last phase of T 6 decomposition. This work therefore provides a roadmap for further research into the science of soil organic carbon fractions (active and passive) during composting at various temperatures. The experiment’s hypothesis may offer a guidance on strategies and techniques for appropriate decomposition methodology of agricultural waste, as well as the function of enriched materials. It will be useful for researchers, producers, and planners to know the organic C fractions in composts of agricultural wastes at different temperatures and stages. © 2023, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo.
Conventional and Zero Tillage with Residue Management in Rice–Wheat System in the Indo-Gangetic Plains: Impact on Thermal Sensitivity of Soil Organic Carbon Respiration and Enzyme Activity
(MDPI, 2023) Asik Dutta; Ranjan Bhattacharyya; Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta; Abir Dey; Namita Das Saha; Sarvendra Kumar; Chaitanya Prasad Nath; Ved Prakash; Surendra Singh Jatav; Abhik Patra
The impact of global warming on soil carbon (C) mineralization from bulk and aggregated soil in conservation agriculture (CA) is noteworthy to predict the future of C cycle. Therefore, sensitivity of soil C mineralization to temperature was studied from 18 years of a CA experiment under rice–wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). The experiment comprised of three tillage systems: zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT), and strip tillage (ST), each with three levels of residue management: residue removal (NR), residue burning (RB), and residue retention (R). Cumulative carbon mineralization (Ct) in the 0–5 cm soil depth was significantly higher in CT with added residues (CT-R) and ZT with added residues (ZT-R) compared with the CT without residues (CT-NR). It resulted in higher CO2 evolution in CT-R and ZT-R. The plots, having crop residue in both CT and ZT system, had higher (p < 0.05) Van’t-Hoff factor (Q10) and activation energy (Ea) than the residue burning. Notably, micro-aggregates had significantly higher Ea than bulk soil (~14%) and macro-aggregates (~40%). Aggregate-associated C content was higher in ZT compared with CT (p < 0.05). Conventional tillage with residue burning had a reduced glomalin content and β-D-glucosidase activity than that of ZT-R. The ZT-R improved the aggregate-associated C that could sustain the soil biological diversity in the long-run possibly due to higher physical, chemical, and matrix-mediated protection of SOC. Thus, it is advisable to maintain the crop residues on the soil surface in ZT condition (~CA) to cut back on valuable C from soils under IGP and similar agro-ecologies. © 2023 by the authors.
Current State of Knowledge in Diagnosis and Mitigation of Micronutrients Deficiency in Crop Production from an Indian Prospective
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2022) Satish Kumar Singh; Astha Pandey; Ayush Bahuguna; Kiran Kumar Mohapatra; Abhik Patra; Eetela Sathyanarayana; Hanuman Singh Jatav; Surendra Singh Jatav; Vishnu D. Rajput
Indian soils are fairly satisfactory with respect to total micronutrient content. But in spite of the relatively high total contents, micronutrient deficiencies have been frequently reported in many crops due to low levels of available micronutrients in soils. Based on the critical limits followed in different states of India, the status of the micronutrients deficiencies was assessed in different soils under the leadership of ICAR All India Coordinated Research Project on Micro- and Secondary Nutrients and Pollutant Elements in Soils and Plants (AICRP-MSPE). In addition to single micronutrient deficiencies, multimicronutrient deficiencies have emerged in different areas of the country over the years, posing a threat to the sustainability of agriculture. Various diagnostic procedures for micronutrients deficiency in soil and plants have been briefly discussed in this paper. In total 1421 field experiments were conducted on specific crops to determine the critical nutrient concentration of different micronutrients. Based on field experiments and crop response to micronutrients, generalized transition zones were worked out for different nutrients across the soil types. Various factors affecting micronutrients availability in soil and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients have been discussed along with their mitigation strategies. Hence this paper represents the current status of micronutrients in Indian soil with emerging solutions for micronutrient deficiency. © 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Development Prospective and Challenges of Nanotechnology in Sustainable Agriculture
(Springer Nature, 2024) Shalini Singh Visen; Dinesh Jinger; Manoj Parihar; Gopal Tiwari; Rajendra Prasad Meena; Manoj Kumar Chitara; Surendra Singh Jatav
Sustainable intensification in agriculture with novel techniques proposed to achieve food security of burgeoning population across the world. Existing practices of crop production are becoming unsustainable. In this regard, nanotechnology (NT) can be a crucial driver for the imminent agri-tech revaluation which promises the sustainable food production. It offers plentiful applications in agriculture sector which include nano-fertilizers (NFs), nano-pesticides (NPs), and nano-herbicides (NHs) etc. NT helps indetermining the soil quality of different land use system and thus it sustains the soil health. Use NPs minimizes the application dose of notorious pesticides and its exposure to human beings. It also has significantly positive influences on germination, growth and development of crop plant. Before exploiting the NT, extensive research is needed to ascertain the risk and environmental issues associated with this technique. In this book chapter, we have elaborated the most promising areas and strategies for the implementation of NT in agriculture to enhance the quality of natural resources (land, water, energy) through better use efficiency of inputs (fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides). In addition, challenges and risk assessments along with future strategy are also discussed in order to present this technique more viable for sustainable agro-ecosystem. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
Effect of Nano-Phosphorus Formulation on Growth, Yield and Nutritional Quality of Wheat under Semi-Arid Climate
(MDPI, 2023) Anuj Poudel; Satish Kumar Singh; Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta; Surendra Singh Jatav; Abhik Patra; Astha Pandey
Appropriate phosphorus (P) management techniques increase yield and nutritional properties while minimizing environmental concerns. The widespread use of nano-fertilizers (NFs) in agriculture endangers soil and plants. It is vital to research the behavior of nano-phosphors (nano-P) on plant growth and quality, as well as their technique of interaction with soil properties in order to obtain key ecosystem benefits. With this in mind, a field experiment was conducted using wheat as a test crop to explore the impact of nano phosphorus (nano-P) on soil. The study’s goal was to examine how the foliar application of nano-P to wheat affects its growth, yield and nutrient concentration. Treatments consisted of: T1: 100% NPK (120:137:72 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha−1) by RDF (recommended dose of fertilizer); T2: 100% NPK by RDF + 2 foliar sprays of nano-P @ 494.21 mL ha−1; T3: 100% NK + 0% P (no foliar); T4: 100% NK + 75% P + 2 foliar sprays of nano-P @ 494.21 mL ha−1; T5: 100% NK + 50% P + 2 foliar sprays of nano-P @ 494.21 mL ha−1;T6: 100% NK + 0% P + 2 foliar sprays of nano-P @ 494.21 mL ha−1; T7: 100% NPK by RDF + 1 foliar spray of nano-P @ 494.21 mL ha−1; T8: 100% NK + 75% P + 1 foliar spray of nano-P @ 494.21 mL ha−1; T9: 100% NPK + 1 foliar spray of nano-P @ 494.21 mL ha−1; T10-100% NK + 75% P + 1 foliar spray of nano-P @ 494.21 mL ha−1. According to the findings, applying 100% NK + 75% P + 2 foliar applications of nano-P at the tillering and panicle initiation stages increased yield over 100% RDF by 37.1%. Additionally, the highest micronutrient concentration (Zn (36.4 mg kg−1), Cu (21.2 mg kg−1), Mn (22.9 mg kg−1) and Fe (61.1 mg kg−1)) in grain were noticed in T3 (100% NK + 0% P no foliar spray of nano-P) treatment, which was superior to T1 (100% NPK). Furthermore, foliar application of nano-P fertilizer in combination with different levels of diammonium phosphate (DAP) slightly increased the amount of N, P and K, as well as micronutrients in post-harvest soil. In summary, the use of 100% NK + 75% + 2 foliar applications of nano-P saved 25% recommendation dose P if supplied as nano-P as a form of phosphorus, and can be a suitable substitute for DAP, especially in smart agriculture, as it possibly reduces P leaching into groundwater, while maintaining or increasing wheat crop yield over the 100% RDF. © 2023 by the authors.
Effect of sowing dates and nutrient sources on nutrient uptake of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2020) Sunil Kumar; Ram Swaroop Meena; Surendra Singh Jatav
In India, people facing malnutrition due to soil and environmental problems. Keeping in mind these problems, a field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2015 and 2016 at Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi. The aim of study was to use the combination of pressmud (PM) as organic source of nutrient and recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) with different sowing dates on Indian mustard (Brassica Juncea (L.) Czemj. & Cosson). The experiment laid out in the split-plot design with 24 treatments combinations, viz. three sowing dates in main plot treatment-(November 17, November 27, December 7), and eight nutrient sources in sub-plots, viz. Control, 100% RDF, 100% RDF + Azotobacter, 100% RDF + Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB), 100% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB, 75% RDF + 25% N through PM+ Azotobacter, 75% RDF + 25% N through PM + PSB, 75% RDF + 25% N through PM + Azotobacter + PSB. The results found that the crop sowing on November 17, total nitrogen uptake was recorded 103.31 kg ha"'. Likewise, total phosphorus, potassium and sulphur uptake was recorded 33.73, 87.38 and 16.83 kg ha"', respectively on the basis of pooled analysis as compared to other crop sowing on November 27 and December 7. Among the nutrient sources application of 75% RDF + 25% N through PM +Azotobacter + PSB maximum total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur uptake was recorded on the basis of pooled analysis as compared with other nutrient sources. © 2020 Indian Council of Agricultural Research. All rights reserved.
Effect of zinc application methods on yield and zinc bio-fortification in hybrid rice (Oryza sativa l.)
(IndianJournals.com, 2019) Surendra Singh Jatav; Satish Kumar Singh; Hanuman Singh Jatav; Yadvir Singh
[No abstract available]
Engineered biochar: potential application toward agricultural and environmental sustainability
(Elsevier, 2024) Asik Dutta; Abhik Patra; Pooja Nain; Surendra Singh Jatav; Ram Swaroop Meena; Sayon Mukharjee; Ankita Trivedi; Kiran Kumar Mohapatra; Chandini Pradhan
Refined physiochemical characteristics and sustainable nature make engineered biochar a perfect choice to tackle different agricultural issues in the present circumstances. Multifaceted functional groups with stable C-matrix can serve as a superior carrier for essential nutrients, thereby revamping nutrient use efficiency (NUE). Apart from NUE, engineered biochar’s are excellent as an alternative to fight against climate change and sequester atmospheric carbon-di-oxide (CO2). It improves soil aeration and prevents the formation of methane (CH4). Also, researchers reported a high C:N ratio in modified biochar combat nitrous oxide emission by (N2O) curtailing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. But, due to constraints from production technology and the environmental applications point of view scientists have tried different avenues like co-composting, co-pyrolysis or introducing polymers for making biochar-based slow-release fertilizer (BSRF), but loopholes are still there. However, long-term on-field evaluation, production feasibility and sustainability need to be studied extensively besides manufacturing and characterizing these biochar-based products. Therefore, in this present chapter, an endeavor has been made to summarize important aspects of engineered biochar’s like production technology and physiochemical properties. Also, a detailed discussion has been made regarding the application of engineered biochar to improve nutrient use efficacy and combat climate change. Therefore, in a nutshell for sustainable agriculture and climate change mitigation, engineered biochars are potent options in years to come. © 2024 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Evaluation of various substrates for mycorrhizal inoculum production
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2022) Manoj Parihar; Amitava Rakshit; Kiran Rana; Gopal Tiwari; Surendra Singh Jatav; Hanuman Ram
In the present study, six media were standardized to investigate their suitability for on-farm arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) production by examining their physical condition and nutrient status which could be a major determinant of AMF propagule in the final product. The experiment was conducted with Sorghum as a host plant which was inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizoglomus intraradices. Solirite alone recorded 4.66-24.66% higher root colonization than other medium while for spore density in per g of finished product, solirite and red soil mixture (106.33) was found superior followed by solirite and biochar mixture (94.33) and solirite alone (83), respectively, and lowest in soil medium (63 to 74). Moreover, spore density and root colonization were significantly and positively correlated (R2= 0.583, P<0.05) with each other. Solirite alone or mixed with other media improved water holding capacity and porosity with optimum nutrient availability which culminated in better host plant growth and ultimately higher number of AMF propagules. © 2022 Indian Council of Agricultural Research. All rights reserved.
Feasibility of sewage sludge application in rice-wheat cropping system
(Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies, 2021) Hanuman Singh Jatav; Satish Kumar Singh; Surendra Singh Jatav; Vishnu D. Rajput; Svetlana Sushkova
A field experiment was conducted to find out the effect of the conjoint application of sewage sludge (SS) and fertilizers on the yield of rice-wheat cropping system using a randomized block design. The grain yield ranged between 24.99 ± 4.24 to 66.32 ± 2.58 q ha-1 and 22.50 ± 0.55 to 50.37 ± 1.07 q ha-1 in Ist year grown rice and wheat, respectively. Among all the treatments, T3 (100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + 30 t ha-1 SS) recorded a significantly highest grain yield of rice crop (66.32 and 63.37 q ha-1 ) and wheat crop (50.37 and 46.91 q ha-1 ) during 2015-16 and 2016-17 years, respectively. The straw yield in Ist rice and Ist wheat ranged between 55.11 to 81.22 q ha-1 and 35.86 to 56.62 q ha-1, whereas straw yield in IInd rice and IInd wheat were noticed between 48.42 to 79.31 q ha-1 and 30.45 to 52.32 q ha-1, respectively. The finding clearly shows that the application of SS significantly enhances the yield of rice-wheat crops, and could be an option to a sustainable use of SS. However, the precautionary measure should be followed before use. In addition, the application of SS also indicates the improvement in soil health and sustainability. © 2021 Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies. All rights reserved.
Impact of Long-Term Conservation Agriculture Practices on Phosphorus Dynamics under Maize-Based Cropping Systems in a Sub-Tropical Soil
(MDPI, 2022) Ajin S. Anil; Vinod K. Sharma; Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta; Chittar M. Parihar; Siba P. Datta; Mandira Barman; Kapil A. Chobhe; Chiranjeev Kumawat; Abhik Patra; Surendra Singh Jatav
Over the past decade, scientific studies have increasingly concentrated on the effects of global phosphorus (P) scarcity on food security. A comprehensive strategy that considers demand reduction and recycling possibilities is needed to address the global P scarcity. Reduced tillage along with crop residue retention could decrease fixation of P in soil, improve labile P content and enhance organic-P (Po) buildup and its mineralization by phosphatases; this could be an extra benefit of conservation agriculture (CA) in soils. To study the impact of long-term CA on soil organic and inorganic P fractions and their distribution, a long-term field trial was conducted under a maize-based cropping system with different tillage (zero tillage (ZT), permanent bed (PB) and conventional till (CT) and cropping system (maize–wheat–mungbean (MWMb), maize–chickpea–sesbania (MCS), maize–mustard–mungbean (MMuMb) and maize–maize–sesbania (MMS)). Phosphorus dynamics were studied through sequential fractionation (organic and inorganic P) at 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. The findings showed that a higher amount of soluble and loosely bound P (SL-P) was detected in ZT among the inorganic P fractions, whereas iron-bound P (Fe-P), aluminum-bound P (Al-P), reductant soluble P (RES-P) and calcium-bound P (Ca-P) were found higher in CT in both soil depths. Among Organic-P fractions, moderately labile and non-labile Po was found higher in PB and ZT but, in the case of labile Po, it was found insignificant with respect to tillage operations. Significant synergistic effects of winter legume (chickpea) with summer legumes (sesbania and mungbean) in crop rotation were observed on SL-P, Labile Po, Humic acid-Po, Alkaline phosphatase and MBP at 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depths. Given the potential relevance of understanding P dynamics for efficient P management in long-term conservation agriculture practices, our findings offers critical new insight for the P management for sustainable development. © 2022 by the authors.
Index for refining soil health assessment through multivariate approach under diverse agro-climatic zones in the Indo-Gangetic basin of Bihar
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Debabrata Nath; Ranjan Laik; Anup Das; Biswajit Pramanick; Panneerselvam Peramaiyan; Santosh Kumar Singh; Vandana Kumari; Surendra Singh Jatav; Abdus Sattar
A fundamental necessity in advancing sustainable crop production lies in the establishment of a reliable technique for assessing soil health. Soil health assessment is a challenge considering multiple interactions among dynamic indicators within various management strategies and agroecological contexts. Hence a study was conducted to determine the soil health variables, quantify the soil health index (SHI), and validate them with the productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system for the Indo Gangetic basin of Bihar, India, under four contrasting agro-climatic zones (ACZ-I, II, IIIA & IIIB). For this study, 100 soil samples (0–15 cm) from each ACZ with a total of 400 soil samples were obtained for analyzing 20 soil health variables (soil physical, chemical, and biological properties). To identify SHI and important soil health variables, principal component analysis (PCA) was employed. Apart from specific variables, soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), available Zn and available water capacity (AWC) were identified as common indicators for the four ACZs. Results revealed that under the rice-wheat cropping system, ACZ-IIIB soils had a higher SHI (0.19–0.70) than other ACZs. SHI of ACZ-IIIB was significantly influenced by SOC (19.32 %), available P (10.52 %), clay (10.43 %), pH (10.80 %), and soil respiration (9.8 %). The strong relationship between SHI and system productivity of the rice-wheat (R2 = 0.79) system indicates that the selected soil health variables are representative of good soil health. It is concluded that ACZ-specific SHIs are a promising strategy for evaluating and monitoring soil health to achieve the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal of ‘zero hunger’ by 2030. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.