Browsing by Author "Suresh Prasad Singh"

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Depth of soil compaction predominantly affects rice yield reduction by reproductive-stage drought at varietal screening sites in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal
(Springer International Publishing, 2017) Suresh Prasad Singh; Abhinav Jain; M.S. Anantha; Santosh Tripathi; Subarna Sharma; Santosh Kumar; Archana Prasad; Bhawana Sharma; Biswajit Karmakar; Rudra Bhattarai; Sankar Prasad Das; Shravan K. Singh; Vinay Shenoy; R. Chandra Babu; S. Robin; Padmini Swain; J.L. Dwivedi; Ram Baran Yadaw; Nimai P. Mandal; T. Ram; Krishna Kumar Mishra; S.B. Verulkar; Tamal Aditya; Krishna Prasad; Puvvada Perraju; Ram Krishna Mahato; Sheetal Sharma; K. Anitha Raman; Arvind Kumar; Amelia Henry
Aims: Drought is the major constraint to rainfed rice productivity in South Asia, but few reports provide detailed characterization of the soil properties related to drought stress severity in the region. The aim of the study was to provide a compilation of drought breeding network sites and their respective levels of drought stress, and to relate soil parameters with yield reduction by drought. Methods: This study characterized levels of drought stress and soil nutrient and physical properties at 18 geographically distributed research station sites involved in rice varietal screening in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, as well as at farmers’ fields located near the research stations. Results: Based on soil resistance to penetration profiles, a hardpan was surprisingly absent at about half of the sites characterized. Significant relationships of depth of compaction and yield reduction by drought indicated the effects of soil puddling on susceptibility to cracking, rather than water retention by hardpans, on plant water availability in this region. The main difference between research stations and nearby farmers’ fields was in terms of soil compaction. Conclusions: These results present an initiative for understanding the range of severities of reproductive-stage drought stress in drought-prone rainfed lowland rice-growing areas in South Asia. © 2017, The Author(s).
Genotype × environment interactions for grain iron and zinc content in rice
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2020) Shilpa M Naik; Anitha K Raman; Minnuru Nagamallika; Challa Venkateshwarlu; Suresh Prasad Singh; Santosh Kumar; Shravan Kumar Singh; A. Tomizuddin; Sankar Prasad Das; Krishna Prasad; Tajwar Izhar; Nimmai P Mandal; Nitendra Kumar Singh; Shailesh Yadav; Russell Reinke; Ballagere Prabhu Mallikarjuna Swamy; Parminder Virk; Arvind Kumar
BACKGROUND: Nutrient deficiency in humans, especially in children and lactating women, is a major concern. Increasing the micronutrient concentration in staple crops like rice is one way to overcome this. The micronutrient content in rice, especially the iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content, is highly variable. The identification of rice genotypes in which there are naturally high Fe and Zn concentrations across environments is an important target towards the production of biofortified rice. RESULTS: Phenotypic correlations between grain Fe and Zn content were positive and significant in all environments but a significant negative association was observed between grain yield and grain Fe and Zn. Promising breeding lines with higher Zn or Fe content, or both, were: IR 82475-110-2-2-1-2 (Zn: 20.24–37.33 mg kg−1; Fe: 7.47–14.65 mg kg−1); IR 83294-66-2-2-3-2 (Zn: 22–37–41.97 mg kg−1; Fe: 9.43–17.16); IR 83668-35-2-2-2 (Zn: 27.15–42.73 mg kg−1; Fe: 6.01–14.71); IR 68144-2B-2-2-3-1-166 (Zn: 23.53–40.30 mg kg−1; Fe: 10.53–17.80 mg kg−1) and RP Bio 5478-185M7 (Zn: 22.60–40.07 mg kg−1; Fe: 7.64–14.73 mg kg−1). Among these, IR82475-110-2-2-1-2 (Zn: 20.24–37.33 mg kg−1; Fe: 7.47–14.65 mg kg−1) is also high yielding with 3.75 t ha−1. Kelhrie Cha (Zn: 17.76–36.45 mg kg−1; Fe: 7.17–14.77 mg kg−1), Dzuluorhe (Zn: 17.48–39.68 mg kg−1; Fe: 7.89–19.90 mg kg−1), Nedu (Zn: 18.97–43.55 mg kg−1 Fe: 8.01–19.51 mg kg−1), Kuhusoi-Ri-Sareku (Zn: 17.37–44.14 mg kg−1; Fe: 8.99–14.30 mg kg−1) and Mima (Zn: 17.10–45.64 mg kg−1; Fe: 9.97–17.40 mg kg−1) were traditional donor genotypes that possessed both high grain Fe and high Zn content. CONCLUSION: Significant genotype × location (G × L) effects were observed in all traits except Fe. Genetic variance was significant and was considerably larger than the variance of G × L for grain Zn and Fe content traits, except grain yield. The G × L × year variance component was significant in all cases. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Rice breeding for yield under drought has selected for longer flag leaves and lower stomatal density
(Oxford University Press, 2021) Santosh Kumar; Santosh Tripathi; Suresh Prasad Singh; Archana Prasad; Fahamida Akter; Md Abu Syed; Jyothi Badri; Sankar Prasad Das; Rudra Bhattarai; Mignon A Natividad; Marinell Quintana; Challa Venkateshwarlu; Anitha Raman; Shailesh Yadav; Shravan K Singh; Padmini Swain; A Anandan; Ram Baran Yadaw; Nimai P Mandal; S. B Verulkar; Arvind Kumar; Amelia Henry
Direct selection for yield under drought has resulted in the release of a number of drought-tolerant rice varieties across Asia. In this study, we characterized the physiological traits that have been affected by this strategy in breeding trials across sites in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal. Drought- breeding lines and drought-tolerant varieties showed consistently longer flag leaves and lower stomatal density than our drought-susceptible check variety, IR64. The influence of environmental parameters other than drought treatments on leaf traits was evidenced by close grouping of treatments within a site. Flag-leaf length and width appeared to be regulated by different environmental parameters. In separate trials in the Philippines, the same breeding lines studied in South Asia showed that canopy temperature under drought and harvest index across treatments were most correlated with grain yield. Both atmospheric and soil stress strengthened the relationships between leaf traits and yield. The stable expression of leaf traits among genotypes and the identification of the environmental conditions in which they contribute to yield, as well as the observation that some breeding lines showed longer time to flowering and higher canopy temperature than IR64, suggest that selection for additional physiological traits may result in further improvements of this breeding pool. © 2021 The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.
SpeedFlower: a comprehensive speed breeding protocol for indica and japonica rice
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Pramod Gorakhanath Kabade; Shilpi Dixit; Uma Maheshwar Singh; Shamshad Alam; Sankalp Bhosale; Sanjay Kumar; Shravan Kumar Singh; Jyothi Badri; Nadimpalli Rama Gopala Varma; Sanjay Chetia; Rakesh Singh; Sharat Kumar Pradhan; Shubha Banerjee; Rupesh Deshmukh; Suresh Prasad Singh; Sanjay Kalia; Tilak Raj Sharma; Sudhanshu Singh; Hans Bhardwaj; Ajay Kohli; Arvind Kumar; Pallavi Sinha; Vikas Kumar Singh
To increase rice yields and feed billions of people, it is essential to enhance genetic gains. However, the development of new varieties is hindered by longer generation times and seasonal constraints. To address these limitations, a speed breeding facility has been established and a robust speed breeding protocol, SpeedFlower is developed that allows growing 4–5 generations of indica and/or japonica rice in a year. Our findings reveal that a high red-to-blue (2R > 1B) spectrum ratio, followed by green, yellow and far-red (FR) light, along with a 24-h long day (LD) photoperiod for the initial 15 days of the vegetative phase, facilitated early flowering. This is further enhanced by 10-h short day (SD) photoperiod in the later stage and day and night temperatures of 32/30 °C, along with 65% humidity facilitated early flowering ranging from 52 to 60 days at high light intensity (800 μmol m−2 s−1). Additionally, the use of prematurely harvested seeds and gibberellic acid treatment reduced the maturity duration by 50%. Further, SpeedFlower was validated on a diverse subset of 198 rice accessions from 3K RGP panel encompassing all 12 distinct groups of Oryza sativa L. classes. Our results confirmed that using SpeedFlower one generation can be achieved within 58–71 days resulting in 5.1–6.3 generations per year across the 12 sub-groups. This breakthrough enables us to enhance genetic gain, which could feed half of the world's population dependent on rice. © 2023 The Authors. Plant Biotechnology Journal published by Society for Experimental Biology and The Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.