Browsing by Author "Suresh Reddy Yerasu"

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Metabolic reprogramming of tomato plants under Ralstonia solanacearum infection
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Raman Ramesh; Sudarshan Maurya; Suresh Reddy Yerasu; R. Gangaraj; Lovkush Satnami; Ratna Prabha; Renu; Birinchi Kumar Sarma; Nagendra Pal Rai
Comprehensive metabolomic investigation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Hawaii 7998 and variety Kashi Adarsh was performed to establish metabolic basis of resistance and susceptibility against bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Using LC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics, leaf samples were analyzed at 5 and 10-day post-inoculation, revealing significant metabolic distinctions between the plants. The resistant cultivar Hawaii 7998 demonstrated remarkably lower disease incidence (15.19%) compared to the susceptible variety (86.81%) underpinned by distinct metabolic profiles. Our analysis annotated metabolites across different treatment groups, with significant differential regulation in pathways related to phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and primary metabolism. Hawaii 7998 exhibited higher constitutive levels of defense-related compounds and mounted more robust metabolic responses against the pathogen. The resistant cultivar Hawaii 7998 under non-treated condition showed enhanced accumulation of total phenolic content (32.81 and 35.17 mg GAE g-1 at 5 and 10DAI respectively) compared to susceptible plants. High antioxidant activities in terms of DPPH (43.52 and 47.19% in non-inoculated and 56.74 and 66.75% in pathogen inoculated condition at 5 and 10DAI respectively) and ABTS (44.36 and 48.06% in control and 58.24 and 64.05% in treated plants) were observed in Hawaii 7998, which was significantly high as compared to Kashi Adarsh. Network analysis showed complex interactions between metabolic pathways, highlighting key regulatory nodes in disease resistance, including carotenoid biosynthesis, trehalose metabolism, and phenylpropanoid pathways. Annotation of biomarker metabolites that included solasodine, biotin, uridine, phosphatidylcholine, asparagine, coumaryl alcohol and linolenic acid revealed cultivar-specific and pathogen interaction specific biomarkers in tomato. These findings are particularly significant in the uncovering the molecular mechanisms of plant-pathogen interaction and offer crucial insights for developing bacterial wilt-resistant tomato varieties, thereby contributing to food security. © 2025
Metabolomics of early blight (Alternaria solani) susceptible tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) unfolds key biomarker metabolites and involved metabolic pathways
(Nature Research, 2023) Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Sudarshan Maurya; Suresh Reddy Yerasu; Mansi Singh Bisen; Mohamed A. Farag; Ratna Prabha; Renu Shukla; Krishna Kumar Chaturvedi; Md. Samir Farooqi; Sudhir Srivastava; Anil Rai; Birinchi Kumar Sarma; Nagendra Rai; Tusar Kanti Behera
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is among the most important commercial horticultural crops worldwide. The crop quality and production is largely hampered due to the fungal pathogen Alternaria solani causing necrotrophic foliage early blight disease. Crop plants usually respond to the biotic challenges with altered metabolic composition and physiological perturbations. We have deciphered altered metabolite composition, modulated metabolic pathways and identified metabolite biomarkers in A. solani-challenged susceptible tomato variety Kashi Aman using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS) based metabolomics. Alteration in the metabolite feature composition of pathogen-challenged (m/z 9405) and non-challenged (m/z 9667) plant leaves including 8487 infection-exclusive and 8742 non-infection exclusive features was observed. Functional annotation revealed putatively annotated metabolites and pathway mapping indicated their enrichment in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, ubiquinone and terpenoid-quinones, brassinosteroids, steroids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, carotenoids, oxy/sphingolipids and metabolism of biotin and porphyrin. PCA, multivariate PLS-DA and OPLS-DA analysis showed sample discrimination. Significantly up regulated 481 and down regulated 548 metabolite features were identified based on the fold change (threshold ≥ 2.0). OPLS-DA model based on variable importance in projection (VIP scores) and FC threshold (> 2.0) revealed 41 up regulated discriminant metabolite features annotated as sphingosine, fecosterol, melatonin, serotonin, glucose 6-phosphate, zeatin, dihydrozeatin and zeatin-β-d-glucoside. Similarly, 23 down regulated discriminant metabolites included histidinol, 4-aminobutyraldehyde, propanoate, tyramine and linalool. Melatonin and serotonin in the leaves were the two indoleamines being reported for the first time in tomato in response to the early blight pathogen. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-based biomarker analysis identified apigenin-7-glucoside, uridine, adenosyl-homocysteine, cGMP, tyrosine, pantothenic acid, riboflavin (as up regulated) and adenosine, homocyctine and azmaline (as down regulated) biomarkers. These results could aid in the development of metabolite-quantitative trait loci (mQTL). Furthermore, stress-induced biosynthetic pathways may be the potential targets for modifications through breeding programs or genetic engineering for improving crop performance in the fields. © 2023, The Author(s).
Metabolomics Unveiled Metabolic Reprogramming in Tomato Due to Beneficial (Bacillus subtilis) and Pathogenic (Alternaria solani) Tripartite Interaction
(Springer, 2025) Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Sudarshan Maurya; Suresh Reddy Yerasu; Lovkush Satnami; Nagendra Pal Rai; Ratna Prabha; Renu; Birinchi Kumar Sarma; Tusar Kanti Behera
The interaction between beneficial microbes and pathogens in crop plants can lead to complex metabolic reprogramming. Our study employed LC–MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics approach to elucidate the metabolic changes in tomato plants induced due to the inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis (BV4) and the pathogen Alternaria solani. Multivariate analyses (MVA) revealed distinct metabolic signatures associated with BV4 inoculation, pathogen infection, and their combined treatment. We observed that plant’s inoculation with beneficial microbe BV4 induced up-regulation of metabolites involved in constitutive metabolism, like glycolysis, TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism, potentially supporting plant growth. Pathogen infection majorly triggered up-regulation of specialized metabolites, such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and oxylipins, suggesting enhanced defense responses. The combined treatment however, exhibited a synergistic effect, with up-regulation of metabolites involved in both constitutive and specialized metabolism, suggesting a primed state for defense responses. Galactose metabolism emerged as the most enriched pathway across all treatments indicating its importance in plant defense through cell wall reinforcement, signaling and antimicrobial specialized metabolite production. ROC-based biomarker analysis putatively identified metabolites, including quercetin, salvigenin, delfinidin-3-O-glucoside, and asparagine, as potential biomarkers for distinguishing various treatment conditions. This study provides insights into the metabolic reprogramming in tomato plants in response to beneficial microbe-pathogen interactions and highlights the potential of untargeted metabolomics in elucidating complex plant-microbe interactions. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Metabolomics Unveiled Metabolic Reprogramming in Tomato Due to Beneficial (Bacillus subtilis) and Pathogenic (Alternaria solani) Tripartite Interaction
(Springer, 2024) Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Sudarshan Maurya; Suresh Reddy Yerasu; Lovkush Satnami; Nagendra Rai; Ratna Prabha; Renu; Birinchi Kumar Sarma; Tusar Kanti Behera
The interaction between beneficial microbes and pathogens in crop plants can lead to complex metabolic reprogramming. Our study employed LC–MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics approach to elucidate the metabolic changes in tomato plants induced due to the inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis (BV4) and the pathogen Alternaria solani. Multivariate analyses (MVA) revealed distinct metabolic signatures associated with BV4 inoculation, pathogen infection, and their combined treatment. We observed that plant’s inoculation with beneficial microbe BV4 induced up-regulation of metabolites involved in constitutive metabolism, like glycolysis, TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism, potentially supporting plant growth. Pathogen infection majorly triggered up-regulation of specialized metabolites, such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and oxylipins, suggesting enhanced defense responses. The combined treatment however, exhibited a synergistic effect, with up-regulation of metabolites involved in both constitutive and specialized metabolism, suggesting a primed state for defense responses. Galactose metabolism emerged as the most enriched pathway across all treatments indicating its importance in plant defense through cell wall reinforcement, signaling and antimicrobial specialized metabolite production. ROC-based biomarker analysis putatively identified metabolites, including quercetin, salvigenin, delfinidin-3-O-glucoside, and asparagine, as potential biomarkers for distinguishing various treatment conditions. This study provides insights into the metabolic reprogramming in tomato plants in response to beneficial microbe-pathogen interactions and highlights the potential of untargeted metabolomics in elucidating complex plant-microbe interactions. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Untargeted Metabolomics of Alternaria solani-Challenged Wild Tomato Species Solanum cheesmaniae Revealed Key Metabolite Biomarkers and Insight into Altered Metabolic Pathways
(MDPI, 2023) Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Mansi Singh Bisen; Ratna Prabha; Sudarshan Maurya; Suresh Reddy Yerasu; Renu Shukla; Jagesh Kumar Tiwari; Krishna Kumar Chaturvedi; Md. Samir Farooqi; Sudhir Srivastava; Anil Rai; Birinchi Kumar Sarma; Nagendra Rai; Prabhakar Mohan Singh; Tusar Kanti Behera; Mohamed A. Farag
Untargeted metabolomics of moderately resistant wild tomato species Solanum cheesmaniae revealed an altered metabolite profile in plant leaves in response to Alternaria solani pathogen. Leaf metabolites were significantly differentiated in non-stressed versus stressed plants. The samples were discriminated not only by the presence/absence of specific metabolites as distinguished markers of infection, but also on the basis of their relative abundance as important concluding factors. Annotation of metabolite features using the Arabidopsis thaliana (KEGG) database revealed 3371 compounds with KEGG identifiers belonging to biosynthetic pathways including secondary metabolites, cofactors, steroids, brassinosteroids, terpernoids, and fatty acids. Annotation using the Solanum lycopersicum database in PLANTCYC PMN revealed significantly upregulated (541) and downregulated (485) features distributed in metabolite classes that appeared to play a crucial role in defense, infection prevention, signaling, plant growth, and plant homeostasis to survive under stress conditions. The orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), comprising a significant fold change (≥2.0) with VIP score (≥1.0), showed 34 upregulated biomarker metabolites including 5-phosphoribosylamine, kaur-16-en-18-oic acid, pantothenate, and O-acetyl-L-homoserine, along with 41 downregulated biomarkers. Downregulated metabolite biomarkers were mapped with pathways specifically known for plant defense, suggesting their prominent role in pathogen resistance. These results hold promise for identifying key biomarker metabolites that contribute to disease resistive metabolic traits/biosynthetic routes. This approach can assist in mQTL development for the stress breeding program in tomato against pathogen interactions. © 2023 by the authors.