Browsing by Author "Surya Kant"

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An international perspective on hospitalized patients with viral community-acquired pneumonia
(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Dejan Radovanovic; Giovanni Sotgiu; Mateja Jankovic; Padukudru Anand Mahesh; Pedro Jorge Marcos; Mohamed I. Abdalla; Marta Francesca Di Pasquale; Andrea Gramegna; Silvia Terraneo; Francesco Blasi; Pierachille Santus; Stefano Aliberti; Luis F. Reyes; Marcos I. Restrepo; Patricia Karina Aruj; Silvia Attorri; Enrique Barimboim; Juan Pablo Caeiro; María I. Garzón; Victor Hugo Cambursano; Adrian Ceccato; Julio Chertcoff; Ariel Cordon Díaz; Lautaro de Vedia; Maria Cristina Ganaha; Sandra Lambert; Gustavo Lopardo; Carlos M. Luna; Alessio Gerardo Malberti; Nora Morcillo; Silvina Tartara; Claudia Pensotti; Betiana Pereyra; Pablo Gustavo Scapellato; Juan Pablo Stagnaro; Sonali Shah; Felix Lötsch; Florian Thalhammer; Kurt Anseeuw; Camille A. Francois; Eva Van Braeckel; Jean Louis Vincent; Marcel Zannou Djimon; Simone Aranha Nouér; Peter Chipev; Milena Encheva; Darina Miteva; Diana Petkova; Adamou Dodo Balkissou; Eric Walter Pefura Yone; Bertrand Hugo Mbatchou Ngahane; Ning Shen; Jin-fu Xu; Carlos Andres Bustamante Rico; Ricardo Buitrago; Fernando Jose Pereira Paternina; Jean-Marie Kayembe Ntumba; Vesna Vladic-Carevic; Marko Jakopovic; Zinka Matkovic; Ivan Mitrecic; Marie-Laure Bouchy Jacobsson; Anette Bro Christensen; Uffe Bødtger; Christian Niels Meyer; Andreas Vestergaard Jensen; Ibrahim El-Said Abd El-Wahhab; Nesreen Elsayed Morsy; Hanaa Shafiek; Eman Sobh; Kedir Abdella Abdulsemed; Fabrice Bertrand; Christian Brun-Buisson; Etienne de Montmollin; Muriel Fartoukh; Jonathan Messika; Pierre Tattevin; Abdo Khoury; Bernard Ebruke; Michael Dreher; Martin Kolditz; Matthias Meisinger; Mathias W. Pletz; Stefan Hagel; Jan Rupp; Tom Schaberg; Marc Spielmanns; Petra Creutz; Norton Suttorp; Beatrice Siaw-Lartey; Katerina Dimakou; Dimosthenis Papapetrou; Evdoxia Tsigou; Dimitrios Ampazis; Evangelos Kaimakamis; Mohit Bhatia; Raja Dhar; George D'Souza; Rajiv Garg; Parvaiz A. Koul; B.S. Jayaraj; Kiran Vishnu Narayan; Hirennappa B. Udnur; Shashi Bhaskara Krishnamurthy; Surya Kant; Rajesh Swarnakar; Sundeep Salvi; Sneha Limaye; Keihan Golshani; Vera M. Keatings; Ignacio Martin-Loeches; Yasmin Maor; Jacob Strahilevitz; Salvatore Battaglia; Maria Carrabba; Piero Ceriana; Marco Confalonieri; Antonella d'Arminio Monforte; Bruno Del Prato; Marino De Rosa; Riccardo Fantini; Giuseppe Fiorentino; Maria Antonia Gammino; Francesco Menzella; Giuseppe Milani; Stefano Nava; Gerardo Palmiero; Roberta Petrino; Barbra Gabrielli; Paolo Rossi; Claudio Sorino; Gundi Steinhilber; Alessandro Zanforlin; Fabio Franzetti; Mauro Carone; Vincenzo Patella; Simone Scarlata; Andrea Comel; Kiyoyasu Kurahashi; Zeina Aoun Bacha; Daniel Barajas Ugalde; Omar Ceballos Zuñiga; José F. Villegas; Milic Medenica; E.M.W. van de Garde; Deebya Raj Mihsra; Poojan Shrestha; Elliott Ridgeon; Babatunde Ishola Awokola; Ogonna N.O. Nwankwo; Adefuye Bolanle Olufunlola; Segaolu Olumide; Kingsley N. Ukwaja; Muhammad Irfan; Lukasz Minarowski; Skoczyński Szymon; Felipe Froes; Pedro Leuschner; Mariana Meireles; Cláudia Ferrão; João Neves; Sofia B. Ravara; Victoria Brocovschii; Chesov Ion; Doina Rusu; Cristina Toma; Daniela Chirita; Carmen Mihaela Dorobat; Alexei Birkun; Anna Kaluzhenina; Abdullah Almotairi; Zakeya Abdulbaqi Ali Bukhary; Jameela Edathodu; Amal Fathy; Abdullah Mushira Abdulaziz Enani; Nazik Eltayeb Mohamed; Jawed Ulhadi Memon; Abdelhaleem Bella; Nada Bogdanović; Branislava Milenkovic; Dragica Pesut; Luis Borderìas; Noel Manuel Bordon Garcia; Hugo Cabello Alarcón; Catia Cilloniz; Antoni Torres; Vicens Diaz-Brito; Xavier Casas; Alicia Encabo González; Maria Luisa Fernández-Almira; Miguel Gallego; Inmaculada Gaspar-GarcÍa; Juan González Del Castillo; Patricia Javaloyes Victoria; Elena Laserna Martínez; Rosa Malo de Molina; Rosario Menéndez; Ana Pando-Sandoval; Cristina Prat Aymerich; Alicia Lacoma de la Torre; Ignasi García-Olivé; Jordi Rello; Silvia Moyano; Francisco Sanz; Oriol Sibila; Ana Rodrigo-Troyano; Jordi Solé-Violán; Ane Uranga; Job F.M. van Boven; Ester Vendrell Torra; Jordi Almirall Pujol; Charles Feldman; Ho Kee Yum; Arnauld Attannon Fiogbe; Ferdaous Yangui; Semra Bilaceroglu; Levent Dalar; Ufuk Yilmaz; Artemii Bogomolov; Naheed Elahi; Devesh J. Dhasmana; Andrew Feneley; Carole Hancock; Adam T. Hill; Banu Rudran; Silvia Ruiz-Buitrago; Marion Campbell; Paul Whitaker; Alexander Youzguin; Anika Singanayagam; Karen S. Allen; Veronica Brito; Jessica Dietz; Claire E. Dysart; Susan M. Kellie; Ricardo A. Franco-Sadud; Garnet Meier; Mina Gaga; Thomas L. Holland; Stephen P. Bergin; Fayez Kheir; Mark Landmeier; Manuel Lois; Girish B. Nair; Hemali Patel; Katherine Reyes; William Rodriguez-Cintron; Shigeki Saito; Nilam J. Soni; Julio Noda; Cecilia I. Hinojosa; Stephanie M. Levine; Luis F. Angel; Antonio Anzueto; K. Scott Whitlow; John Hipskind; Kunal Sukhija; Vicken Totten; Richard G. Wunderink; Ray D. Shah; Kondwelani John Mateyo; Manuela Carugati; Manuela Morosi; Elisa Monge
Background: Who should be tested for viruses in patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP), prevalence and risk factors for viral CAP are still debated. We evaluated the frequency of viral testing, virus prevalence, risk factors and treatment coverage with oseltamivir in patients admitted for CAP. Methods: Secondary analysis of GLIMP, an international, multicenter, point-prevalence study of hospitalized adults with CAP. Testing frequency, prevalence of viral CAP and treatment with oseltamivir were assessed among patients who underwent a viral swab. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to evaluate risk factors. Results: 553 (14.9%) patients with CAP underwent nasal swab. Viral CAP was diagnosed in 157 (28.4%) patients. Influenza virus was isolated in 80.9% of cases. Testing frequency and viral CAP prevalence were inhomogeneous across the participating centers. Obesity (OR 1.59, 95%CI: 1.01–2.48; p = 0.043) and need for invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 1.62, 95%CI: 1.02–2.56; p = 0.040) were independently associated with viral CAP. Prevalence of empirical treatment with oseltamivir was 5.1%. Conclusion: In an international scenario, testing frequency for viruses in CAP is very low. The most common cause of viral CAP is Influenza virus. Obesity and need for invasive ventilation represent independent risk factors for viral CAP. Adherence to recommendations for treatment with oseltamivir is poor. © 2018 European Federation of Internal Medicine
Effect of rhizobium, PSB and p-levels on growth, yield attributes and yield of urdbean (vigna mungo l.)
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2016) Surya Kant; Achin Kumar; Satendra Kumar; Vipin Kumar; Yogesh Pal; Anil K. Shukla
A field experiment was conducted in kharif 2011 on urdbean genotype T-9. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replication and thirteen treatments. Some microorganisms have capable to convert the insoluble phosphorous to an accessible form and increase the growth and yield attributes viz, plant height, number of branches plant-1, nodulation, dry matter accumulation plant-1, number of pods plant-1, test weight (g), grain yield, straw yield and biological yield (qha-1) of Urdbean. All these characters were recorded higher in treatment T13 by application of (75 kg ha-1 P2O5 + PSB + Rhizobium.) as compared to all other treatments. However, combination of rhizobium, PSB and P levels had proved significant influence on plant growth, yield and its attributing traits in Blackgram.
Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2018) 392(10159) (1923–1994), (S0140673618322256), (10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6))
(Lancet Publishing Group, 2019) Jeffrey D. Stanaway; Ashkan Afshin; Emmanuela Gakidou; Stephen S. Lim; Degu Abate; Kalkidan Hassen Abate; Cristiana Abbafati; Nooshin Abbasi; Hedayat Abbastabar; Foad Abd-Allah; Jemal Abdela; Ahmed Abdelalim; Ibrahim Abdollahpour; Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader; Molla Abebe; Zegeye Abebe; Semaw F. Abera; Olifan Zewdie Abil; Haftom Niguse Abraha; Aklilu Roba Abrham; Laith Jamal Abu-Raddad; Niveen M.E. Abu-Rmeileh; Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi; Dilaram Acharya; Pawan Acharya; Abdu A. Adamu; Akilew Awoke Adane; Oladimeji M. Adebayo; Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin; Victor Adekanmbi; Zanfina Ademi; Olatunji O. Adetokunboh; Mina G. Adib; Amha Admasie; Jose C. Adsuar; Kossivi Agbelenko Afanvi; Mohsen Afarideh; Gina Agarwal; Anju Aggarwal; Sargis Aghasi Aghayan; Anurag Agrawal; Sutapa Agrawal; Alireza Ahmadi; Mehdi Ahmadi; Hamid Ahmadieh; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Amani Nidhal Aichour; Ibtihel Aichour; Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour; Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari; Tomi Akinyemiju; Nadia Akseer; Ziyad Al-Aly; Ayman Al-Eyadhy; Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi; Fares Alahdab; Khurshid Alam; Samiah Alam; Tahiya Alam; Alaa Alashi; Seyed Moayed Alavian; Kefyalew Addis Alene; Komal Ali; Syed Mustafa Ali; Mehran Alijanzadeh; Reza Alizadeh-Navaei; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Ala’a Alkerwi; François Alla; Ubai Alsharif; Khalid Altirkawi; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Azmeraw T. Amare; Walid Ammar; Nahla Hamed Anber; Jason A. Anderson; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Sofia Androudi; Megbaru Debalkie Animut; Mina Anjomshoa; Mustafa Geleto Ansha; Josep M. Antó; Carl Abelardo T. Antonio; Palwasha Anwari; Lambert Tetteh Appiah; Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah; Jalal Arabloo; Olatunde Aremu; Johan Ärnlöv; Al Artaman; Krishna K. Aryal; Hamid Asayesh; Zerihun Ataro; Marcel Ausloos; Euripide F.G.A. Avokpaho; Ashish Awasthi; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Rakesh Ayer; Tambe B. Ayuk; Peter S. Azzopardi; Arefeh Babazadeh; Hamid Badali; Alaa Badawi; Kalpana Balakrishnan; Ayele Geleto Bali; Kylie Ball; Shoshana H. Ballew; Maciej Banach; Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub; Aleksandra Barac; Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo; Till Winfried Bärnighausen; Lope H. Barrero; Sanjay Basu; Bernhard T. Baune; Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi; Neeraj Bedi; Ettore Beghi; Masoud Behzadifar; Meysam Behzadifar; Yannick Béjot; Bayu Begashaw Bekele; Eyasu Tamru Bekru; Ezra Belay; Yihalem Abebe Belay; Michelle L. Bell; Aminu K. Bello; Derrick A. Bennett; Isabela M. Bensenor; Gilles Bergeron; Adugnaw Berhane; Eduardo Bernabe; Robert S. Bernstein; Mircea Beuran; Tina Beyranvand; Neeraj Bhala; Ashish Bhalla; Suraj Bhattarai; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Belete Biadgo; Ali Bijani; Boris Bikbov; Ver Bilano; Nigus Bililign; Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed; Donal Bisanzio; Tuhin Biswas; Tone Bjørge; Brigette F. Blacker; Archie Bleyer; Rohan Borschmann; Ibrahim R. Bou-Orm; Soufiane Boufous; Rupert Bourne; Oliver J. Brady; Michael Brauer; Alexandra Brazinova; Nicholas J.K. Breitborde; Hermann Brenner; Andrey Nikolaevich Briko; Gabrielle Britton; Traolach Brugha; Rachelle Buchbinder; Richard T. Burnett; Reinhard Busse; Zahid A. Butt; Leah E. Cahill; Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado; Ismael R. Campos-Nonato; Rosario Cárdenas; Giulia Carreras; Juan J. Carrero; Félix Carvalho; Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela; Jacqueline Castillo Rivas; Franz Castro; Ferrán Catalá-López; Kate Causey; Kelly M. Cercy; Ester Cerin; Yazan Chaiah; Hsing-Yi Chang; Jung-Chen Chang; Kai-Lan Chang; Fiona J. Charlson; Aparajita Chattopadhyay; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Miao Li Chee; Ching-Yu Cheng; Adrienne Chew; Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang; Odgerel Chimed-Ochir; Ken Lee Chin; Abdulaal Chitheer; Jee-Young J. Choi; Rajiv Chowdhury; Hanne Christensen; Devasahayam J. Christopher; Sheng-Chia Chung; Flavia M. Cicuttini; Massimo Cirillo; Aaron J. Cohen; Daniel Collado-Mateo; Cyrus Cooper; Owen R. Cooper; Josef Coresh; Leslie Cornaby; Paolo Angelo Cortesi; Monica Cortinovis; Megan Costa; Ewerton Cousin; Michael H. Criqui; Elizabeth A. Cromwell; David K. Cundiff; Alemneh Kabeta Daba; Berihun Assefa Dachew; Abel Fekadu Dadi; Albertino Antonio Moura Damasceno; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Sarah C. Darby; Paul I. Dargan; Ahmad Daryani; Rajat Das Gupta; José Das Neves; Tamirat Tesfaye Dasa; Aditya Prasad Dash; Dragos Virgil Davitoiu; Kairat Davletov; Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora; Fernando Pio De La Hoz; Diego De Leo; Jan-Walter De Neve; Louisa Degenhardt; Selina Deiparine; Robert P. Dellavalle; Gebre Teklemariam Demoz; Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez; Kebede Deribe; Nikolaos Dervenis; Aniruddha Deshpande; Don C. Des Jarlais; Getenet Ayalew Dessie; Gabrielle Aline Deveber; Subhojit Dey; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Meghnath Dhimal; Mesfin Tadese Dinberu; Eric L. Ding; Helen Derara Diro; Shirin Djalalinia; Huyen Phuc Do; Klara Dokova; David Teye Doku; Kerrie E. Doyle; Tim R. Driscoll; Manisha Dubey; Eleonora Dubljanin; Eyasu Ejeta Duken; Bruce B. Duncan; Andre R. Duraes; Natalie Ebert; Hedyeh Ebrahimi; Soheil Ebrahimpour; David Edvardsson; Andem Effiong; Anne Elise Eggen; Charbel El Bcheraoui; Ziad El-Khatib; Iqbal Rf Elyazar; Ahmadali Enayati; Aman Yesuf Endries; Benjamin Er; Holly E. Erskine; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Alireza Esteghamati; Kara Estep; Hamed Fakhim; Mahbobeh Faramarzi; Mohammad Fareed; Talha A. Farid; Carla Sofia E. Sá Farinha; Andrea Farioli; Andre Faro; Maryam S. Farvid; Mohammad Hosein Farzaei; Batool Fatima; Kairsten A. Fay; Ali Akbar Fazaeli; Valery L. Feigin; Andrea B. Feigl; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Eduarda Fernandes; Joao C. Fernandes; Giannina Ferrara; Alize J. Ferrari; Manuela L. Ferreira; Irina Filip; Jonas David Finger; Florian Fischer; Nataliya A. Foigt; Kyle J. Foreman; Takeshi Fukumoto; Nancy Fullman; Thomas Fürst; João M. Furtado; Neal D. Futran; Seana Gall; Silvano Gallus; Amiran Gamkrelidze; Morsaleh Ganji; Alberto L. Garcia-Basteiro; William M. Gardner; Abadi Kahsu Gebre; Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin; Teklu Gebrehiwo Gebremichael; Tilayie Feto Gelano; Johanna M. Geleijnse; Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo; Peter W. Gething; Kebede Embaye Gezae; Reza Ghadimi; Keyghobad Ghadiri; Khalil Ghasemi Falavarjani; Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman; Mamata Ghimire; Rakesh Ghosh; Aloke Gopal Ghoshal; Simona Giampaoli; Paramjit Singh Gill; Tiffany K. Gill; Richard F. Gillum; Ibrahim Abdelmageed Ginawi; Giorgia Giussani; Elena V. Gnedovskaya; William W. Godwin; Srinivas Goli; Hector Gómez-Dantés; Philimon N. Gona; Sameer Vali Gopalani; Alessandra C. Goulart; Ayman Grada; Morgan E. Grams; Giuseppe Grosso; Harish Chander Gugnani; Yuming Guo; Rahul Gupta; Rajeev Gupta; Tanush Gupta; Reyna Alma Gutiérrez; Daniela S. Gutiérrez-Torres; Juanita A. Haagsma; Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold; Vladimir Hachinski; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Tekleberhan B. Hagos; Tewodros Tesfa Hailegiyorgis; Gessessew Bugssa Hailu; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian; Arya Haj-Mirzaian; Randah R. Hamadeh; Samer Hamidi; Alexis J. Handal; Graeme J. Hankey; Yuantao Hao; Hilda L. Harb; Sivadasanpillai Harikrishnan; Josep Maria Haro; Hadi Hassankhani; Hamid Yimam Hassen; Rasmus Havmoeller; Caitlin N. Hawley; Simon I. Hay; Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran; Behzad Heibati; Behnam Heidari; Mohsen Heidari; Delia Hendrie; Andualem Henok; Ileana Heredia-Pi; Claudiu Herteliu; Fatemeh Heydarpour; Sousan Heydarpour; Desalegn T. Hibstu; Tarig B. Higazi; Esayas Haregot Hilawe; Hans W. Hoek; Howard J. Hoffman; Michael K. Hole; Enayatollah Homaie Rad; Praveen Hoogar; H. Dean Hosgood; Seyed Mostafa Hosseini; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mihaela Hostiuc; Sorin Hostiuc; Damian G. Hoy; Mohamed Hsairi; Thomas Hsiao; Guoqing Hu; Howard Hu; John J. Huang; Mamusha Aman Hussen; Chantal K. Huynh; Kim Moesgaard Iburg; Nayu Ikeda; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Usman Iqbal; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Caleb Mackay Salpeter Irvine; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Farhad Islami; Maria D. Jackson; Kathryn H. Jacobsen; Leila Jahangiry; Nader Jahanmehr; Sudhir Kumar Jain; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Spencer L. James; Simerjot K. Jassal; Achala Upendra Jayatilleke; Panniyammakal Jeemon; Ravi Prakash Jha; Vivekanand Jha; John S. Ji; Jost B. Jonas; Jitendra Jonnagaddala; Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari; Ankur Joshi; Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak; Mikk Jürisson; Zubair Kabir; Amaha Kahsay; Rizwan Kalani; Tanuj Kanchan; Surya Kant; Chittaranjan Kar; Manoochehr Karami; Behzad Karami Matin; André Karch; Corine Karema; Narges Karimi; Seyed M. Karimi; Amir Kasaeian; Dessalegn H. Kassa; Getachew Mullu Kassa; Tesfaye Dessale Kassa; Nicholas J. Kassebaum; Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi; Anil Kaul; Norito Kawakami; Zhila Kazemi; Ali Kazemi Karyani; Adane Teshome Kefale; Peter Njenga Keiyoro; Grant Rodgers Kemp; Andre Pascal Kengne; Andre Keren; Chandrasekharan Nair Kesavachandran; Yousef Saleh Khader; Behzad Khafaei; Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie; Alireza Khajavi; Nauman Khalid; Ibrahim A. Khalil; Gulfaraz Khan; Muhammad Shahzeb Khan; Muhammad Ali Khan; Young-Ho Khang; Mona M. Khater; Mohammad Khazaei; Habibolah Khazaie; Abdullah T. Khoja; Ardeshir Khosravi; Mohammad Hossein Khosravi; Aliasghar A. Kiadaliri; Daniel N. Kiirithio; Cho-Il Kim; Daniel Kim; Young-Eun Kim; Yun Jin Kim; Ruth W. Kimokoti; Yohannes Kinfu; Adnan Kisa; Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek; Mika Kivimäki; Luke D. Knibbs; Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen; Sonali Kochhar; Yoshihiro Kokubo; Tufa Kolola; Jacek A. Kopec; Soewarta Kosen; Parvaiz A. Koul; Ai Koyanagi; Michael A. Kravchenko; Kewal Krishan; Kristopher J. Krohn; Hans Kromhout; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; Burcu Kucuk Bicer; G. Anil Kumar; Manasi Kumar; Igor Kuzin; Hmwe Hmwe Kyu; Carl Lachat; Deepesh P. Lad; Sheetal D. Lad; Alessandra Lafranconi; Ratilal Lalloo; Tea Lallukka; Faris Hasan Lami; Justin J. Lang; Van C. Lansingh; Samantha Leigh Larson; Arman Latifi; Jeffrey V. Lazarus; Paul H. Lee; James Leigh; Mostafa Leili; Cheru Tesema Leshargie; Janni Leung; Miriam Levi; Sonia Lewycka; Shanshan Li; Yichong Li; Juan Liang; Xiaofeng Liang; Yu Liao; Misgan Legesse Liben; Lee-Ling Lim; Shai Linn; Shiwei Liu; Rakesh Lodha; Giancarlo Logroscino; Alan D. Lopez; Stefan Lorkowski; Paulo A. Lotufo; Rafael Lozano; Tim C.D. Lucas; Raimundas Lunevicius; Stefan Ma; Erlyn Rachelle King Macarayan; Ísis Eloah Machado; Fabiana Madotto; Hue Thi Mai; Marek Majdan; Reza Majdzadeh; Azeem Majeed; Reza Malekzadeh; Deborah Carvalho Malta; Abdullah A. Mamun; Ana-Laura Manda; Helena Manguerra; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani; Joemer C. Maravilla; Wagner Marcenes; Ashley Marks; Randall V. Martin; Sheila C.O. Martins; Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo; Winfried März; Melvin B. Marzan; Benjamin Ballard Massenburg; Manu Raj Mathur; Prashant Mathur; Kunihiro Matsushita; Pallab K. Maulik; Mohsen Mazidi; Colm McAlinden; John J. McGrath; Martin McKee; Ravi Mehrotra; Kala M. Mehta; Varshil Mehta; Toni Meier; Fantahun Ayenew Mekonnen; Yohannes A. Melaku; Addisu Melese; Mulugeta Melku; Peter T.N. Memiah; Ziad A. Memish; Walter Mendoza; Desalegn Tadese Mengistu; George A. Mensah; Gert B.M. Mensink; Seid Tiku Mereta; Atte Meretoja; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Tomislav Mestrovic; Haftay Berhane Mezgebe; Bartosz Miazgowski; Tomasz Miazgowski; Anoushka I. Millear; Ted R. Miller; Molly Katherine Miller-Petrie; G.K. Mini; Mojde Mirarefin; Andreea Mirica; Erkin M. Mirrakhimov; Awoke Temesgen Misganaw; Habtamu Mitiku; Babak Moazen; Bahram Mohajer; Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad; Moslem Mohammadi; Noushin Mohammadifard; Mousa Mohammadnia-Afrouzi; Shafiu Mohammed; Farnam Mohebi; Ali H. Mokdad; Mariam Molokhia; Fatemeh Momeniha; Lorenzo Monasta; Yoshan Moodley; Ghobad Moradi; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh; Mehdi Moradinazar; Paula Moraga; Lidia Morawska; Joana Morgado-Da-Costa; Shane Douglas Morrison; Marilita M. Moschos; Simin Mouodi; Seyyed Meysam Mousavi; Dariush Mozaffarian; Kalayu Brhane Mruts; Achenef Asmamaw Muche; Kindie Fentahun Muchie; Ulrich Otto Mueller; Oumer Sada Muhammed; Satinath Mukhopadhyay; Kate Muller; Kamarul Imran Musa; Ghulam Mustafa; Ashraf F. Nabhan; Mohsen Naghavi; Aliya Naheed; Azin Nahvijou; Gurudatta Naik; Nitish Naik; Farid Najafi; Vinay Nangia; Jobert Richie Nansseu; Bruno Ramos Nascimento; Bruce Neal; Nahid Neamati; Ionut Negoi; Ruxandra Irina Negoi; Subas Neupane; Charles Richard James Newton; Josephine W. Ngunjiri; Anh Quynh Nguyen; Grant Nguyen; Ha Thu Nguyen; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Huong Thanh Nguyen; Minh Nguyen; Nam Ba Nguyen; Emma Nichols; Jing Nie; Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum; Yirga Legesse Nirayo; Nobuo Nishi; Molly R. Nixon; Marzieh Nojomi; Shuhei Nomura; Ole F. Norheim; Mehdi Noroozi; Bo Norrving; Jean Jacques Noubiap; Hamid Reza Nouri; Malihe Nourollahpour Shiadeh; Mohammad Reza Nowroozi; Elaine O. Nsoesie; Peter S. Nyasulu; Carla M. Obermeyer; Christopher M. Odell; Richard Ofori-Asenso; Felix Akpojene Ogbo; In-Hwan Oh; Olanrewaju Oladimeji; Andrew T. Olagunju; Tinuke O. Olagunju; Pedro R. Olivares; Helen Elizabeth Olsen; Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya; Jacob Olusegun Olusanya; Kanyin L. Ong; Sok King Ong; Eyal Oren; Heather M. Orpana; Alberto Ortiz; Erika Ota; Stanislav S. Otstavnov; Simon Øverland; Mayowa Ojo Owolabi; P.A. Mahesh; Rosana Pacella; Abhijit P. Pakhare; Amir H. Pakpour; Adrian Pana; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas; Eun-Kee Park; Charles D.H. Parry; Hadi Parsian; Shanti Patel; Sanghamitra Pati; Snehal T. Patil; Ajay Patle; George C. Patton; Deepak Paudel; Katherine R. Paulson; Wayra Citlali Paz Ballesteros; Neil Pearce; Alexandre Pereira; David M. Pereira; Norberto Perico; Konrad Pesudovs; Max Petzold; Hai Quang Pham; Michael R. Phillips; Julian David Pillay; Michael A. Piradov; Meghdad Pirsaheb; Tobias Pischon; Farhad Pishgar; Oleguer Plana-Ripoll; Dietrich Plass; Suzanne Polinder; Kevan R. Polkinghorne; Maarten J. Postma; Richie Poulton; Akram Pourshams; Hossein Poustchi; Dorairaj Prabhakaran; Swayam Prakash; Narayan Prasad; Caroline A. Purcell; Manorama B. Purwar; Mostafa Qorbani; Amir Radfar; Anwar Rafay; Alireza Rafiei; Fakher Rahim; Zohreh Rahimi; Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar; Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar; Mahfuzar Rahman; Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman; Muhammad Aziz Rahman; Rajesh Kumar Rai; Fatemeh Rajati; Sasa Rajsic; Sree Bhushan Raju; Usha Ram; Chhabi Lal Ranabhat; Prabhat Ranjan; Goura Kishor Rath; David Laith Rawaf; Salman Rawaf; K. Srinath Reddy; Colin D. Rehm; Jürgen Rehm; Robert C. Reiner; Marissa B. Reitsma; Giuseppe Remuzzi; Andre M.N. Renzaho; Serge Resnikoff; Luz Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu; Satar Rezaei; Antonio Luiz P. Ribeiro; Juan A. Rivera; Kedir Teji Roba; Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez; Leonardo Roever; Yesenia Román; Luca Ronfani; Gholamreza Roshandel; Ali Rostami; Gregory A. Roth; Dietrich Rothenbacher; Ambuj Roy; Enrico Rubagotti; Lesley Rushton; Charumathi Sabanayagam; Perminder S. Sachdev; Basema Saddik; Ehsan Sadeghi; Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam; Hosein Safari; Yahya Safari; Roya Safari-Faramani; Mahdi Safdarian; Sare Safi; Saeid Safiri; Rajesh Sagar; Amirhossein Sahebkar; Mohammad Ali Sahraian; Haniye Sadat Sajadi; Nasir Salam; Payman Salamati; Zikria Saleem; Yahya Salimi; Hamideh Salimzadeh; Joshua A. Salomon; Devashri Digvijay Salvi; Inbal Salz; Abdallah M. Samy; Juan Sanabria; Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño; Tania G. Sánchez-Pimienta; Taren Sanders; Yingying Sang; Damian Francesco Santomauro; Itamar S. Santos; João Vasco Santos; Milena M. Santric Milicevic; Bruno Piassi Sao Jose; Mayank Sardana; Abdur Razzaque Sarker; Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez; Nizal Sarrafzadegan; Benn Sartorius; Shahabeddin Sarvi; Brijesh Sathian; Maheswar Satpathy; Arundhati R. Sawant; Monika Sawhney; Mete Saylan; Mehdi Sayyah; Elke Schaeffner; Maria Inês Schmidt; Ione J.C. Schneider; Ben Schöttker; Aletta Elisabeth Schutte; David C. Schwebel; Falk Schwendicke; James G. Scott; Soraya Seedat; Mario Sekerija; Sadaf G. Sepanlou; Marc L. Serre; Edson Serván-Mori; Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi; Hosein Shabaninejad; Gavin Shaddick; Azadeh Shafieesabet; Mehdi Shahbazi; Amira A. Shaheen; Masood Ali Shaikh; Teresa Shamah Levy; Mehran Shams-Beyranvand; Mohammadbagher Shamsi; Heidar Sharafi; Kiomars Sharafi; Mehdi Sharif; Mahdi Sharif-Alhoseini; Hamid Sharifi; Jayendra Sharma; Meenakshi Sharma; Rajesh Sharma; Jun She; Aziz Sheikh; Peilin Shi; Kenji Shibuya; Mekonnen Sisay Shiferaw; Mika Shigematsu; Min-Jeong Shin; Rahman Shiri; Reza Shirkoohi; Ivy Shiue; Farhad Shokraneh; Haitham Shoman; Mark G. Shrime; Matthew S. Shupler; Si Si; Soraya Siabani; Abla Mehio Sibai; Tariq J. Siddiqi; Inga Dora Sigfusdottir; Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir; Diego Augusto Santos Silva; João Pedro Silva; Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira; Jasvinder A. Singh; Narinder Pal Singh; Virendra Singh; Dhirendra Narain Sinha; Eirini Skiadaresi; Vegard Skirbekk; David L. Smith; Mari Smith; Badr Hasan Sobaih; Soheila Sobhani; Ranjani Somayaji; Moslem Soofi; Reed J.D. Sorensen; Joan B. Soriano; Ireneous N. Soyiri; Angela Spinelli; Luciano A. Sposato; Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy; Vinay Srinivasan; Vladimir I. Starodubov; Nadine Steckling; Dan J. Stein; Murray B. Stein; Goran Stevanovic; Leo Stockfelt; Mark A. Stokes; Lela Sturua; Michelle L. Subart; Agus Sudaryanto; Mu’awiyyah Babale Sufiyan; Gerhard Sulo; Bruno F. Sunguya; Patrick John Sur; Bryan L. Sykes; Cassandra E.I. Szoeke; Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos; Takahiro Tabuchi; Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla; Ken Takahashi; Nikhil Tandon; Segen Gebremeskel Tassew; Mohammad Tavakkoli; Nuno Taveira; Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi; Tigist Gashaw Tekalign; Shishay Wahdey Tekelemedhin; Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle; Habtamu Temesgen; Mohamad-Hani Temsah; Omar Temsah; Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi; Belay Tessema; Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin; Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan; Andrew Theis; Sathish Thirunavukkarasu; Hannah J. Thomas; Matthew Lloyd Thomas; Nihal Thomas; George D. Thurston; Binyam Tilahun; Taavi Tillmann; Quyen G. To; Myriam Tobollik; Marcello Tonelli; Roman Topor-Madry; Anna E. Torre; Miguel Tortajada-Girbés; Mathilde Touvier; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone; Jeffrey A. Towbin; Bach Xuan Tran; Khanh Bao Tran; Thomas Clement Truelsen; Nu Thi Truong; Afewerki Gebremeskel Tsadik; Lorainne Tudor Car; E. Murat Tuzcu; Hayley D. Tymeson; Stefanos Tyrovolas; Kingsley N. Ukwaja; Irfan Ullah; Rachel L. Updike; Muhammad Shariq Usman; Olalekan A. Uthman; Muthiah Vaduganathan; Afsane Vaezi; Pascual R. Valdez; Aaron Van Donkelaar; Elena Varavikova; Santosh Varughese; Tommi Juhani Vasankari; Vidhya Venkateswaran; Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian; Santos Villafaina; Francesco S. Violante
Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk–outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk–outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk–outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk–outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017. Findings In 2017, 34·1 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 33·3–35·0) deaths and 1·21 billion (1·14–1·28) DALYs were attributable to GBD risk factors. Globally, 61·0% (59·6–62·4) of deaths and 48·3% (46·3–50·2) of DALYs were attributed to the GBD 2017 risk factors. When ranked by risk-attributable DALYs, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) was the leading risk factor, accounting for 10·4 million (9·39–11·5) deaths and 218 million (198–237) DALYs, followed by smoking (7·10 million [6·83–7·37] deaths and 182 million [173–193] DALYs), high fasting plasma glucose (6·53 million [5·23–8·23] deaths and 171 million [144–201] DALYs), high body-mass index (BMI; 4·72 million [2·99–6·70] deaths and 148 million [98·6–202] DALYs), and short gestation for birthweight (1·43 million [1·36–1·51] deaths and 139 million [131–147] DALYs). In total, risk-attributable DALYs declined by 4·9% (3·3–6·5) between 2007 and 2017. In the absence of demographic changes (ie, population growth and ageing), changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs would have led to a 23·5% decline in DALYs during that period. Conversely, in the absence of changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs, demographic changes would have led to an 18·6% increase in DALYs during that period. The ratios of observed risk exposure levels to exposure levels expected based on SDI (O/E ratios) increased globally for unsafe drinking water and household air pollution between 1990 and 2017. This result suggests that development is occurring more rapidly than are changes in the underlying risk structure in a population. Conversely, nearly universal declines in O/E ratios for smoking and alcohol use indicate that, for a given SDI, exposure to these risks is declining. In 2017, the leading Level 4 risk factor for age-standardised DALY rates was high SBP in four super-regions: central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia; north Africa and Middle East; south Asia; and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania. The leading risk factor in the high-income super-region was smoking, in Latin America and Caribbean was high BMI, and in sub-Saharan Africa was unsafe sex. O/E ratios for unsafe sex in sub-Saharan Africa were notably high, and those for alcohol use in north Africa and the Middle East were notably low. Interpretation By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Clinical manifestations-Prospective data from the interstitial lung disease-India registry
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2019) Sheetu Singh; Bridget Collins; Bharat Sharma; Jyotsana Joshi; Deepak Talwar; Sandeep Katiyar; Nishtha Singh; Lawrence Ho; Jai Samaria; Parthasarthi Bhattacharya; Sudhir Chaudhari; Tejraj Singh; Khushboo Pilania; Sudhakar Pipavath; Jitesh Ahuja; Ravindran Chetambath; Aloke Ghoshal; Nirmal Jain; H. Gayathri Devi; Surya Kant; Parvaiz Koul; Raja Dhar; Rajesh Swarnakar; Subodh Katiyar; Arpita Jindal; Daya Mangal; Virendra Singh; Ganesh Raghu
Context: Multiple environmental factors are associated with development of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), and diagnostic algorithms for the diagnosis of HP have been proposed in recent perspectives. Aims: We analyzed the data of patients with HP from interstitial lung disease (ILD)-India registry. The analysis was performed to (1) find the prevalence of HP, (2) reclassify HP as per a recently proposed classification criterion to assess the level of diagnostic certainty, and (3) identify the causative agents for HP. Setting and Designs: This was a prospective multicenter study of consecutive, consenting adult patients with new-onset ILD from 27 centers across India (March 2012-April 2015). Materials and Methods: The diagnoses were based on prespecified working clinical criteria and multidisciplinary discussions. To assess strength of diagnosis based on available clinical information, patients with HP were subclassified into definite HP, HP with high level of confidence, and HP with low level of confidence using a recent classification scheme. Results: Five hundred and thirteen of 1084 patients with new-onset ILD were clinically diagnosed with HP and subclassified as HP with high level of confidence (380, 74.1%), HP with low level of confidence (106, 20.7%), and definite HP (27, 5.3%). Exposures among patients with HP were birds (odds ratios [OR]: 3.52, P < 0.001), air-conditioners (OR: 2.23, P < 0.001), molds (OR: 1.79, P < 0.001), rural residence (OR: 1.64, P < 0.05), and air-coolers (OR: 1.45, P < 0.05). Conclusions: About 47.3% of patients with new-onset ILD in India were diagnosed with HP, the majority of whom were diagnosed as HP with a high level of confidence. The most common exposures were birds, cooling devices, and visible molds. © 2019 Indian Chest Society.
Indian Guidelines on Nebulization Therapy
(Tuberculosis Association of India, 2022) S.K. Katiyar; S.N. Gaur; R.N. Solanki; Nikhil Sarangdhar; J.C. Suri; Raj Kumar; G.C. Khilnani; Dhruva Chaudhary; Rupak Singla; Parvaiz A. Koul; Ashok A. Mahashur; A.G. Ghoshal; D. Behera; D.J. Christopher; Deepak Talwar; Dhiman Ganguly; H. Paramesh; K.B. Gupta; Mohan Kumar T; P.D. Motiani; P.S. Shankar; Rajesh Chawla; Randeep Guleria; S.K. Jindal; S.K. Luhadia; V.K. Arora; V.K. Vijayan; Abhishek Faye; Aditya Jindal; Amit K. Murar; Anand Jaiswal; Arunachalam M; A.K. Janmeja; Brijesh Prajapat; C. Ravindran; Debajyoti Bhattacharyya; George D'Souza; Inderpaul Singh Sehgal; J.K. Samaria; Jogesh Sarma; Lalit Singh; M.K. Sen; Mahendra K. Bainara; Mansi Gupta; Nilkanth T. Awad; Narayan Mishra; Naveed N. Shah; Neetu Jain; Prasanta R. Mohapatra; Parul Mrigpuri; Pawan Tiwari; R. Narasimhan; R. Vijai Kumar; Rajendra Prasad; Rajesh Swarnakar; Rakesh K. Chawla; Rohit Kumar; S. Chakrabarti; Sandeep Katiyar; Saurabh Mittal; Sonam Spalgais; Subhadeep Saha; Surya Kant; V.K. Singh; Vijay Hadda; Vikas Kumar; Virendra Singh; Vishal Chopra; Visweswaran B
Inhalational therapy, today, happens to be the mainstay of treatment in obstructive airway diseases (OADs), such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and is also in the present, used in a variety of other pulmonary and even non-pulmonary disorders. Hand-held inhalation devices may often be difficult to use, particularly for children, elderly, debilitated or distressed patients. Nebulization therapy emerges as a good option in these cases besides being useful in the home care, emergency room and critical care settings. With so many advancements taking place in nebulizer technology; availability of a plethora of drug formulations for its use, and the widening scope of this therapy; medical practitioners, respiratory therapists, and other health care personnel face the challenge of choosing appropriate inhalation devices and drug formulations, besides their rational application and use in different clinical situations. Adequate maintenance of nebulizer equipment including their disinfection and storage are the other relevant issues requiring guidance. Injudicious and improper use of nebulizers and their poor maintenance can sometimes lead to serious health hazards, nosocomial infections, transmission of infection, and other adverse outcomes. Thus, it is imperative to have a proper national guideline on nebulization practices to bridge the knowledge gaps amongst various health care personnel involved in this practice. It will also serve as an educational and scientific resource for healthcare professionals, as well as promote future research by identifying neglected and ignored areas in this field. Such comprehensive guidelines on this subject have not been available in the country and the only available proper international guidelines were released in 1997 which have not been updated for a noticeably long period of over two decades, though many changes and advancements have taken place in this technology in the recent past. Much of nebulization practices in the present may not be evidence-based and even some of these, the way they are currently used, may be ineffective or even harmful. Recognizing the knowledge deficit and paucity of guidelines on the usage of nebulizers in various settings such as inpatient, out-patient, emergency room, critical care, and domiciliary use in India in a wide variety of indications to standardize nebulization practices and to address many other related issues; National College of Chest Physicians (India), commissioned a National task force consisting of eminent experts in the field of Pulmonary Medicine from different backgrounds and different parts of the country to review the available evidence from the medical literature on the scientific principles and clinical practices of nebulization therapy and to formulate evidence-based guidelines on it. The guideline is based on all possible literature that could be explored with the best available evidence and incorporating expert opinions. To support the guideline with high-quality evidence, a systematic search of the electronic databases was performed to identify the relevant studies, position papers, consensus reports, and recommendations published. Rating of the level of the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendation was done using the GRADE system. Six topics were identified, each given to one group of experts comprising of advisors, chairpersons, convenor and members, and such six groups (A-F) were formed and the consensus recommendations of each group was included as a section in the guidelines (Sections I to VI). The topics included were: A. Introduction, basic principles and technical aspects of nebulization, types of equipment, their choice, use, and maintenance B. Nebulization therapy in obstructive airway diseases C. Nebulization therapy in the intensive care unit D. Use of various drugs (other than bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids) by nebulized route and miscellaneous uses of nebulization therapy E. Domiciliary/Home/Maintenance nebulization therapy; public & health care workers education, and F. Nebulization therapy in COVID-19 pandemic and in patients of other contagious viral respiratory infections (included later considering the crisis created due to COVID-19 pandemic). Various issues in different sections have been discussed in the form of questions, followed by point-wise evidence statements based on the existing knowledge, and recommendations have been formulated. © 2022 Tuberculosis Association of India
International prevalence and risk factors evaluation for drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia
(W.B. Saunders Ltd, 2019) Stefano Aliberti; Grayden S. Cook; Bettina L. Babu; Luis F. Reyes; Alejandro H. Rodriguez; Francisco Sanz; Nilam J. Soni; Antonio Anzueto; Paola Faverio; Ricardo Franco Sadud; Irfan Muhammad; Cristina Prat; Ester Vendrell; Joao Neves; Evangelos Kaimakamis; Andrew Feneley; Rajesh Swarnakar; Fabio Franzetti; Manuela Carugati; Manuela Morosi; Elisa Monge; Marcos I. Restrepo; Patricia Karina Aruj; Silvia Attorri; Enrique Barimboim; Juan Pablo Caeiro; María I. Garzón; Victor Hugo Cambursano; Adrian Ceccato; Julio Chertcoff; Florencia Lascar; Fernando Di Tulio; Ariel Cordon Díaz; Lautaro de Vedia; Maria Cristina Ganaha; Sandra Lambert; Gustavo Lopardo; Carlos M. Luna; Alessio Gerardo Malberti; Nora Morcillo; Silvina Tartara; Claudia Pensotti; Betiana Pereyra; Pablo Gustavo Scapellato; Juan Pablo Stagnaro; Sonali Shah; Felix Lötsch; Florian Thalhammer; Kurt Anseeuw; Camille A. Francois; Eva Van Braeckel; Jean Louis Vincent; Marcel Zannou Djimon; Jules Bashi; Roger Dodo; Simone Aranha Nouér; Peter Chipev; Milena Encheva; Darina Miteva; Diana Petkova; Adamou Dodo Balkissou; Eric Walter Pefura Yone; Bertrand Hugo Mbatchou Ngahane; Ning Shen; Jin-Fu Xu; Carlos Andres Bustamante Rico; Ricardo Buitrago; Fernando Jose Pereira Paternina; Jean-Marie Kayembe Ntumba; Vesna Vladic Carevic; Marko Jakopovic; Mateja Jankovic; Zinka Matkovic; Ivan Mitrecic; Marie-Laure Bouchy Jacobsson; Anette Bro Christensen; Uffe Christian Heitmann Bødtger; Christian Niels Meyer; Andreas Vestergaard Jensen; Gertrud Baunbæk-Knudsen; Pelle Trier Petersen; Stine Andersen; Ibrahim El-Said Abd El-Wahhab; Nesreen Elsayed Morsy; Hanaa Shafiek; Eman Sobh; Kedir Abdella Abdulsemed; Fabrice Bertrand; Christian Brun-Buisson; Etienne de Montmollin; Muriel Fartoukh; Jonathan Messika; Pierre Tattevin; Abdo Khoury; Bernard Ebruke; Michael Dreher; Martin Kolditz; Matthias Meisinger; Mathias W. Pletz; Stefan Hagel; Jan Rupp; Tom Schaberg; Marc Spielmanns; Petra Creutz; Norton Suttorp; Beatrice Siaw-Lartey; Katerina Dimakou; Dimosthenis Papapetrou; Evdoxia Tsigou; Dimitrios Ampazis; Mohit Bhatia; Raja Dhar; George D’souza; Rajiv Garg; Parvaiz A. Koul; P.A. Mahesh; B.S. Jayaraj; Kiran Vishnu Narayan; Hirennappa B. Udnur; Shashi Bhaskara Krishnamurthy; Surya Kant; Sneha Limaye; Sundeep Salvi; Keihan Golshani; Vera M. Keatings; Ignacio Martin-Loeches; Yasmin Maor; Jacob Strahilevitz; Salvatore Battaglia; Maria Carrabba; Piero Ceriana; Marco Confalonieri; Antonella D’Arminio Monforte; Bruno Del Prato; Marino De Rosa; Riccardo Fantini; Giuseppe Fiorentino; Maria Antonia Gammino; Francesco Menzella; Giuseppe Milani; Stefano Nava; Gerardo Palmiero; Roberta Petrino; Barbra Gabrielli; Paolo Rossi; Claudio Sorino; Gundi Steinhilber; Alessandro Zanforlin; Mauro Carone; Vincenzo Patella; Simone Scarlata; Andrea Comel; Kiyoyasu Kurahashi; Zeina Aoun Bacha; Daniel Barajas Ugalde; Omar Ceballos Zuñiga; José F. Villegas; Milic Medenica; E.M.W. van de Garde; Deebya Raj Mihsra; Poojan Shrestha; Elliott Ridgeon; Babatunde Ishola Awokola; Ogonna N.O. Nwankwo; Adefuye Bolanle Olufunlola; Segaolu Olumide; Kingsley N. Ukwaja; Muhammad Irfan; Lukasz Minarowski; Skoczynski Szymon; Felipe Froes; Pedro Leuschner; Mariana Meireles; Cláudia Ferrão; Sofia B. Ravara; Victoria Brocovschii; Chesov Ion; Doina Rusu; Cristina Toma; Daniela Chirita; Carmen Mihaela Dorobat; Alexei Birkun; Anna Kaluzhenina; Abdullah Almotairi; Zakeya Abdulbaqi Ali Bukhary; Jameela Edathodu; Amal Fathy; Abdullah Mushira Abdulaziz Enani; Nazik Eltayeb Mohamed; Jawed Ulhadi Memon; Abdelhaleem Bella; Nada Bogdanovic; Branislava Milenkovic; Dragica Pesut; Luis Borderìas; Noel Manuel Bordon Garcia; Hugo Cabello Alarcón; Catia Cilloniz; Antoni Torres; Vicens Diaz-Brito; Xavier Casas; Alicia Encabo González; Maria Luisa Fernández-Almira; Miguel Gallego; Inmaculada Gaspar-García; Juan González Del Castillo; Patricia Javaloyes Victoria; Elena Laserna Martínez; Rosa Malo de Molina; Pedro J. Marcos; Rosario Menéndez; Ana Pando-Sandoval; Cristina Prat Aymerich; Alicia Lacoma de la Torre; Ignasi García-Olivé; Jordi Rello; Silvia Moyano; Oriol Sibila; Ana Rodrigo-Troyano; Jordi Solé-Violán; Ane Uranga; Job FM van Boven; Ester Vendrell Torra; Jordi Almirall Pujol; Charles Feldman; Ho Kee Yum; Arnauld Attannon Fiogbe; Ferdaous Yangui; Semra Bilaceroglu; Levent Dalar; Ufuk Yilmaz; Artemii Bogomolov; Naheed Elahi; Devesh J. Dhasmana; Rhiannon Ions; Julie Skeemer; Gerrit Woltmann; Carole Hancock; Adam T. Hill; Banu Rudran; Silvia Ruiz-Buitrago; Marion Campbell; Paul Whitaker; Alexander Youzguin; Anika Singanayagam; Karen S. Allen; Veronica Brito; Jessica Dietz; Claire E. Dysart; Susan M. Kellie; Ricardo A. Franco-Sadud; Garnet Meier; Mina Gaga; Thomas L. Holland; Stephen P. Bergin; Fayez Kheir; Mark Landmeier; Manuel Lois; Girish B. Nair; Hemali Patel; Katherine Reyes; William Rodriguez-Cintron; Shigeki Saito; Julio Noda; Cecilia I. Hinojosa; Stephanie M. Levine; Luis F. Angel; K. Scott Whitlow; John Hipskind; Kunal Sukhija; Vicken Totten; Richard G. Wunderink; Ray D. Shah; Kondwelani John Mateyo; Lorena Noriega; Ezequiel Alvarado; Mohamed Aman; Lucía Labra
Objective: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent bacterial pathogen isolated in subjects with Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) worldwide. Limited data are available regarding the current global burden and risk factors associated with drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (DRSP) in CAP subjects. We assessed the multinational prevalence and risk factors for DRSP-CAP in a multinational point-prevalence study. Design: The prevalence of DRSP-CAP was assessed by identification of DRSP in blood or respiratory samples among adults hospitalized with CAP in 54 countries. Prevalence and risk factors were compared among subjects that had microbiological testing and antibiotic susceptibility data. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify risk factors independently associated with DRSP-CAP. Results: 3,193 subjects were included in the study. The global prevalence of DRSP-CAP was 1.3% and continental prevalence rates were 7.0% in Africa, 1.2% in Asia, and 1.0% in South America, Europe, and North America, respectively. Macrolide resistance was most frequently identified in subjects with DRSP-CAP (0.6%) followed by penicillin resistance (0.5%). Subjects in Africa were more likely to have DRSP-CAP (OR: 7.6; 95%CI: 3.34-15.35, p<0.001) when compared to centres representing other continents. Conclusions: This multinational point-prevalence study found a low global prevalence of DRSP-CAP that may impact guideline development and antimicrobial policies. © 2019
Interstitial lung disease in India results of a prospective registry
(American Thoracic Society, 2017) Sheetu Singh; Bridget F. Collins; Bharat B. Sharma; Jyotsna M. Joshi; Deepak Talwar; Sandeep Katiyar; Nishtha Singh; Lawrence Ho; Jai Kumar Samaria; Parthasarathi Bhattacharya; Rakesh Gupta; Sudhir Chaudhari; Tejraj Singh; Vijay Moond; Sudhakar Pipavath; Jitesh Ahuja; Ravindran Chetambath; Aloke G. Ghoshal; Nirmal K. Jain; H.J. Gayathri Devi; Surya Kant; Parvaiz Koul; Raja Dhar; Rajesh Swarnakar; Surendra K. Sharma; Dhrubajyoti J. Roy; Kripesh R. Sarmah; Bhavin Jankharia; Rodney Schmidt; Santosh K. Katiyar; Arpita Jindal; Daya K. Mangal; Virendra Singh; Ganesh Raghu
Rationale: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic inflammatory and fibrotic lung diseases. Existing ILD registries have had variable findings. Little is known about the clinical profile of ILDs in India. Objectives: To characterize new-onset ILDs in India by creating a prospective ILD using multidisciplinary discussion (MDD) to validate diagnoses. Methods: Adult patients of Indian origin living in India with new-onset ILD (27 centers, 19 Indian cities,March 2012-June 2015) without malignancy or infection were included. All had connective tissue disease (CTD) serologies, spirometry, and high-resolution computed tomography chest. ILD pattern was defined by high-resolution computed tomography images. Three groups independently made diagnoses after review of clinical data including that from prompted case report forms: Local site investigators, ILD experts at the National Data Coordinating Center(NDCC;Jaipur, India)withMDD,and experienced ILDexperts at the Center for ILD (CILD; Seattle, WA) withMDD. Cohen's k was used to assess reliability of interobserver agreement. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 1,084 patients were recruited. Final diagnosis: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in 47.3%(n = 513; exposure, 48.1% air coolers), CTD-ILD in 13.9%, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in 13.7%. Cohen's k: 0.351 site investigator/CILD, 0.519 site investigator/NDCC, and 0.618 NDCC/CILD. Conclusions: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis was the most common new-onset ILD in India, followed by CTD-ILD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; diagnoses varied between site investigators and CILD experts, emphasizing the value of MDD in ILD diagnosis. Prompted case report forms including environmental exposures in prospective registries will likely provide further insight into the etiology and management of ILD worldwide. © 2017 by the American Thoracic Society.
Management of interstitial lung diseases: A consensus statement of the Indian Chest Society (ICS) and National College of Chest Physicians (NCCP)
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2020) Sheetu Singh; Bharat Sharma; Mohan Bairwa; Dipti Gothi; Unnati Desai; Jyotsna Joshi; Deepak Talwar; Abhijeet Singh; Raja Dhar; Ambika Sharma; Bineet Ahluwalia; Daya Mangal; Nirmal Jain; Khushboo Pilania; Vijay Hadda; Parvaiz Koul; Shanti Luhadia; Rajesh Swarnkar; Shailender Gaur; Aloke Ghoshal; Amita Nene; Arpita Jindal; Bhavin Jankharia; Chetambath Ravindran; Dhruv Choudhary; Digambar Behera; D. Christopher; Gopi Khilnani; Jai Samaria; Harpreet Singh; Krishna Gupta; Manju Pilania; Manohar Gupta; Narayan Misra; Nishtha Singh; Prahlad Gupta; Prashant Chhajed; Raj Kumar; Rajesh Chawla; Rajendra Jenaw; Rakesh Chawla; Randeep Guleria; Ritesh Agarwal; R. Narsimhan; Sandeep Katiyar; Sanjeev Mehta; Sahajal Dhooria; Sushmita Chowdhury; Surinder Jindal; Subodh Katiyar; Sudhir Chaudhri; Neeraj Gupta; Sunita Singh; Surya Kant; Zarir Udwadia; Virendra Singh; Ganesh Raghu
Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a complex and heterogeneous group of acute and chronic lung diseases of several known and unknown causes. While clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have been recently updated, CPG for ILD other than IPF are needed. Methods: A working group of multidisciplinary clinicians familiar with clinical management of ILD (pulmonologists, radiologist, pathologist, and rheumatologist) and three epidemiologists selected by the leaderships of Indian Chest Society and National College of Chest Physicians, India, posed questions to address the clinically relevant situation. A systematic search was performed on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. A modified GRADE approach was used to grade the evidence. The working group discussed the evidence and reached a consensus of opinions for each question following face-to-face discussions. Results: Statements have been made for each specific question and the grade of evidence has been provided after performing a systematic review of literature. For most of the questions addressed, the available evidence was insufficient and of low to very low quality. The consensus of the opinions of the working group has been presented as statements for the questions and not as an evidence-based CPG for the management of ILD. Conclusion: This document provides the guidelines made by consensus of opinions among experts following discussion of systematic review of evidence pertaining to the specific questions for management of ILD other than IPF. It is hoped that this document will help the clinician understand the accumulated evidence and help better management of idiopathic and nonidiopathic interstitial pneumonias. © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
Microbiological testing of adults hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia: An international study
(European Respiratory Society, 2018) Manuela Carugati; Stefano Aliberti; Luis Felipe Reyes; Ricardo Franco Sadud; Muhammad Irfan; Cristina Prat; Nilam J. Soni; Paola Faverio; Andrea Gori; Francesco Blasi; Marcos I. Restrepo; Patricia Karina Aruj; Silvia Attorri; Enrique Barimboim; Juan Pablo Caeiro; María I. Garzón; Victor Hugo Cambursano; Adrian Ceccato; Julio Chertcoff; Ariel Cordon Díaz; Lautaro De Vedia; Maria Cristina Ganaha; Sandra Lambert; Gustavo Lopardo; Carlos M. Luna; Alessio Gerardo Malberti; Nora Morcillo; Silvina Tartara; Claudia Pensotti; Betiana Pereyra; Pablo Gustavo Scapellato; Juan Pablo Stagnaro; Sonali Shah; Felix Lötsch; Florian Thalhammer; Kurt Anseeuw; Camille A. Francois; Eva Van Braeckel; Jean Louis Vincent; Marcel Zannou Djimon; Jules Bashi; Roger Dodo; Simone Aranha Nouér; Peter Chipev; Milena Encheva; Darina Miteva; Diana Petkova; Adamou Dodo Balkissou; Eric Walter Pefura Yone; Bertrand Hugo Mbatchou Ngahane; Ning Shen; Jin-Fu Xu; Carlos Andres Bustamante Rico; Ricardo Buitrago; Fernando Jose Pereira Paternina; Jean-Marie Kayembe Ntumba; Vesna Vladic Carevic; Marko Jakopovic; Mateja Jankovic; Zinka Matkovic; Ivan Mitrecic; Marie Laure Bouchy Jacobsson; Anette Bro Christensen; Uffe Christian Heitmann Bødtger; Christian Niels Meyer; Andreas Vestergaard Jensen; Gertrud Baunbæk-Knudsen; Pelle Trier Petersen; Stine Andersen; Ibrahim El-Said Abd El-Wahhab; Nesreen Elsayed Morsy; Hanaa Shafiek; Eman Sobh; Kedir Abdella Abdulsemed; Fabrice Bertrand; Christian Brun-Buisson; Etienne De Montmollin; Muriel Fartoukh; Jonathan Messika; Pierre Tattevin; Abdo Khoury; Bernard Ebruke; Michael Dreher; Martin Kolditz; Matthias Meisinger; Mathias W. Pletz; Stefan Hagel; Jan Rupp; Tom Schaberg; Marc Spielmanns; Petra Creutz; Norton Suttorp; Beatrice Siaw-Lartey; Katerina Dimakou; Dimosthenis Papapetrou; Evdoxia Tsigou; Dimitrios Ampazis; Evangelos Kaimakamis; Mina Gaga; Mohit Bhatia; Raja Dhar; George D’Souza; Rajiv Garg; Parvaiz A. Koul; P.A. Mahesh; B.S. Jayaraj; Kiran Vishnu Narayan; Hirennappa B. Udnur; Shashi Bhaskara Krishnamurthy; Surya Kant; Rajesh Swarnakar; Sneha Limaye; Sundeep Salvi; Keihan Golshani; Vera M. Keatings; Ignacio Martin-Loeches; Yasmin Maor; Jacob Strahilevitz; Salvatore Battaglia; Maria Carrabba; Piero Ceriana; Marco Confalonieri; Antonella D’Arminio Monforte; Bruno Del Prato; Marino De Rosa; Riccardo Fantini; Giuseppe Fiorentino; Maria Antonia Gammino; Francesco Menzella; Giuseppe Milani; Stefano Nava; Gerardo Palmiero; Roberta Petrino; Barbra Gabrielli; Paolo Rossi; Claudio Sorino; Gundi Steinhilber; Alessandro Zanforlin; Fabio Franzetti; Manuela Morosi; Elisa Monge; Mauro Carone; Vincenzo Patella; Simone Scarlata; Andrea Comel; Kiyoyasu Kurahashi; Zeina Aoun Bacha; Daniel Barajas Ugalde; Omar Ceballos Zuñiga; José F. Villegas; Milic Medenica; E.M.W. Van De Garde; Deebya Raj Mihsra; Internal Medicine; Poojan Shrestha; Elliott Ridgeon; Babatunde Ishola Awokola; Ogonna N. O. Nwankwo; Adefuye Bolanle Olufunlola; Segaolu Olumide; Kingsley N. Ukwaja; Lukasz Minarowski; Skoczyński Szymon; Felipe Froes; Pedro Leuschner; Mariana Meireles; Cláudia Ferrão; João Neves; Serviço De Medicina; Sofia B. Ravara; Victoria Brocovschii; Chesov Ion; Doina Rusu; Cristina Tom; Daniela Chirita; Carmen Mihaela Dorobat; Alexei Birkun; Anna Kaluzhenina; Abdullah Almotairi; Zakeya Abdulbaqi Ali Bukhary; Jameela Edathodu; Amal Fathy; Abdullah Mushira Abdulaziz Enani; Nazik Eltayeb Mohamed; Jawed Ulhadi Memon; Abdelhaleem Bella; Nada Bogdanović; Branislava Milenkovic; Dragica Pesut; Charles Feldman; Ho Kee Yum; Luis Borderìas; Noel Manuel Bordon Garcia; Hugo Cabello Alarcón; Catia Cilloniz; Antoni Torres; Vicens Diaz-Brito; Xavier Casas; Alicia Encabo González; Maria Luisa Fernández-Almira; Miguel Gallego; Inmaculada Gaspar-García; Juan González Del Castillo; Patricia Javaloyes Victoria; Elena Laserna Martínez; Rosa Malo De Molina; Pedro J. Marcos; Rosario Menéndez; Ana Pando-Sandoval; Cristina Prat Aymerich; Jordi Rello; Silvia Moyano; Francisco Sanz; Oriol Sibila; Ana Rodrigo-Troyano; Jordi Solé-Violán; Ane Uranga; Job F. M. Van Boven; Ester Vendrell Torra; Jordi Almirall Pujol; Arnauld Attannon Fiogbe; Ferdaous Yangui; Semra Bilaceroglu; Levent Dalar; Ufuk Yilmaz; Artemii Bogomolov; Naheed Elahi; Andrew Feneley; Rhiannon Ions; Julie Skeemer; Gerrit Woltmann; Carole Hancock; Adam T. Hill; Banu Rudran; Silvia Ruiz-Buitrago; Marion Campbell; Paul Whitaker; Alexander Youzguin; Anika Singanayagam; Karen S. Allen; Veronica Brito; Jessica Dietz; Claire E. Dysart; Susan M. Kellie; Ricardo A. Franco-Sadud; Garnet Meier; Thomas L. Holland; Stephen P. Bergin; Fayez Kheir; Mark Landmeier; Manuel Lois; Girish B. Nair; Hemali Patel; Katherine Reyes; William Rodriguez-Cintron; Shigeki Saito; Julio Noda; Cecilia I. Hinojosa; Stephanie M. Levine; Luis F. Angel; Antonio Anzueto; K. Scott Whitlow; John Hipskind; Kunal Sukhija; Vicken Totten; Richard G. Wunderink; Ray D. Shah; Kondwelani John Mateyo; Devesh J. Dhasmana; Lorena Noriega; Ezequiel Alvarado; Mohamed Aman; Lucía Labra
This study aimed to describe real-life microbiological testing of adults hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and to assess concordance with the 2007 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)/American Thoracic Society (ATS) and 2011 European Respiratory Society (ERS) CAP guidelines. This was a cohort study based on the Global Initiative for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia (GLIMP) database, which contains point-prevalence data on adults hospitalised with CAP across 54 countries during 2015. In total, 3702 patients were included. Testing was performed in 3217 patients, and included blood culture (71.1%), sputum culture (61.8%), Legionella urinary antigen test (30.1%), pneumococcal urinary antigen test (30.0%), viral testing (14.9%), acute-phase serology (8.8%), bronchoalveolar lavage culture (8.4%) and pleural fluid culture (3.2%). A pathogen was detected in 1173 (36.5%) patients. Testing attitudes varied significantly according to geography and disease severity. Testing was concordant with IDSA/ATS and ERS guidelines in 16.7% and 23.9% of patients, respectively. IDSA/ATS concordance was higher in Europe than in North America (21.5% versus 9.8%; p<0.01), while ERS concordance was higher in North America than in Europe (33.5% versus 19.5%; p<0.01). Testing practices of adults hospitalised with CAP varied significantly by geography and disease severity. There was a wide discordance between real-life testing practices and IDSA/ATS/ERS guideline recommendations. © ERS 2018.
Organic Amendments Application Increases Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Mustard (Brassica Juncea) Grown in Chromium-Contaminated Soils
(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2020) Vipin Kumar; Pramod Kumar Sharma; Hanuman Singh Jatav; Satish Kumar Singh; Ashish Rai; Surya Kant; Achin Kumar
A pot experiment (Net House) study was conducted in the Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Science, B.H.U. Varanasi to find out the effect of organic amendments in mustard grown in chromium (Cr)-contaminated soil during 2015–16 and 2016–17. There were five levels of Cr (Control, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/Kg soil) with and without three organic amendments (viz. Vermicompost (VC), FYM, and Sewage Sludge (Sl)) @ 5 t/ha, 10 t/ha and 20 t/ha, respectively. The maximum number of siliqua/plant (333 and 354), length of siliqua (5.43 and 5.53), number of seeds per siliqua (12.11 and 12.39), dry matter accumulation (50.76 and 54.65g/pot), biological yield (266.51 and 273.34g/pot), seed yield (62.63 and 66.96g/pot), stover yield (203.88 and 206.38g/pot), and harvest index (23.50 and 24.5%) were recorded when Cr-contaminated soil is treated with organic amendments mainly with vermin compost during 2015–16 and 2016–17. It is reported that significant nutrient uptake (N, P, S, K, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn) also increased with the application of organic amendments. It is reported that yield attributing characters are improved by the application of VC followed by farm yard manure then sewage Sl. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Pleural effusion guidelines from ICS and NCCP Section 1: Basic principles, laboratory tests and pleural procedures
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024) Devasahayam J. Christopher; Richa Gupta; Balamugesh Thangakunam; Jefferson Daniel; Surinder K. Jindal; Surya Kant; Prashant N. Chhajed; K.B. Gupta; Sahajal Dhooria; Sudhir Chaudhri; Dhruva Chaudhry; Dharmesh Patel; Ravindra Mehta; Rakesh K. Chawla; Arjun Srinivasan; Arvind Kumar; Shakti K. Bal; Prince James; Jebin S Roger; Avinash A. Nair; S.K. Katiyar; Ritesh Agarwal; Raja Dhar; Ashutosh N. Aggarwal; J.K. Samaria; Digambar Behera; Karan Madan; Raj B Singh; S.K. Luhadia; Nikhil Sarangdhar; George D' Souza; Amita Nene; Akhil Paul; Vimi Varghese; T.V. Rajagopal; M. Arun; Shraddha Nair; Dhivya A Roy; Benjamin E. Williams; Shona A. Christopher; Dhanawade V. Subodh; Nishant Sinha; Barney Isaac; Ashwin A. Oliver; N. Priya; Jedidiah Deva; Sujith T. Chandy; Richu Bob Kurien
Pleural effusion is a common problem in our country, and most of these patients need invasive tests as they can't be evaluated by blood tests alone. The simplest of them is diagnostic pleural aspiration, and diagnostic techniques such as medical thoracoscopy are being performed more frequently than ever before. However, most physicians in India treat pleural effusion empirically, leading to delays in diagnosis, misdiagnosis and complications from wrong treatments. This situation must change, and the adoption of evidence-based protocols is urgently needed. Furthermore, the spectrum of pleural disease in India is different from that in the West, and yet Western guidelines and algorithms are used by Indian physicians. Therefore, India-specific consensus guidelines are needed. To fulfil this need, the Indian Chest Society and the National College of Chest Physicians; the premier societies for pulmonary physicians came together to create this National guideline. This document aims to provide evidence based recommendations on basic principles, initial assessment, diagnostic modalities and management of pleural effusions. © The Author(s) 2024.