Browsing by Author "T.B. Singh"

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A comparative study of intratumoral chemotherapy in advanced childhood common solid tumors
(Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd, 2007) Rajeev Rahi; K. Vijyendra; S.P. Sharma; N.C. Aryya; R.C. Shukla; S. Pradhan; T.B. Singh; A.N. Gangopadhyay
Background: Advanced and inoperable solid tumors in children are great killer despite aggressive multimodality treatment. Intravenous chemotherapy, due to high dose of drug given systemically, at times leads to abandonment of therapy due to systemic toxicities. To overcome this problem lots of studies are going on to explore alternative modes of giving anticancer drugs so as to decrease the systemic toxicities of the drugs and increase their therapeutic index at the same time. Aim: The study was conducted to know the results of anterior intratumoral chemotherapy and its comparison to anterior intravenous chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Forty patients of advanced inoperable solid tumors in children (Wilms′ tumor and neuroblastoma) between 2000-2004 were randomly allocated to two groups. Group A (20 patients) was given intratumoral chemotherapy while Group B (20 patients) was given intravenous chemotherapy. Both the groups were compared in terms of reduction in size and volume, resectability of tumor, histopathological changes and side-effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. The Institute′s ethics committee approved this study. Results: Males were predominant in both type of cases (Wilms′ tumor and neuroblastoma) in both the groups (Group A and Group B). Mean age in the study was 3.27 years. All cases in Group A had Stage III disease except three cases which had Stage IV disease (one case of Wilms′ tumor and two cases of neuroblastoma) while in Group B only two cases had Stage IV disease (one case of Wilms′ tumor and one case of neuroblastoma). Intratumoral chemotherapy was found to be superior over intravenous chemotherapy in terms of reduction of size and volume (63% in Group A vs. 22% in Group B). The resectability was 70% in the intratumoral group in comparison to 40% in the intravenous group. The overall good histopathological response was 71% in Group A as opposed to 0% in Group B. Moreover, the incidence and severity of side-effects of chemotherapy and morbidity was less in intratumoral chemotherapy. Mortality was also low in Group A (5%) in comparison to Group B (20%). Conclusion: In this study intratumoral chemotherapy was found to be superior over intravenous chemotherapy in terms of better and early tumor regression, minimal side-effects, better tumor resectability and well response on histopathological criteria. This study is still going on at our center where different drug combinations, different drug doses, their toxicities, their mechanisms of action, their serum levels and long-term results of intratumoral mode of chemotherapy are to be evaluated thoroughly in future.
A Hospital-Based Population Screening for Peripheral Arterial Diseases in a North-East University Hospital of India
(Springer, 2023) Ajay K. Khanna; Divya Khanna; Himanshu Verma; T.B. Singh; Satyendra K. Tiwary; Puneet Gupta
This study was carried out with an aim of screening the hospital-based population through ankle-brachial pressure index measurement to identify the asymptomatic patients of peripheral arterial disease. Further association of peripheral arterial disease with other risk factors was also studied. A total of 1000 patients of a surgical unit of a university hospital, Varanasi, India, were studied for a period of 2 years. Ankle-brachial pressure index in both lower limbs was measured. Patients aged less than 18 years and patients with blood pressure less than 90/60 mm Hg were excluded. History of claudication, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery diseases, and family history of peripheral arterial disease were recorded. Patients with an ankle-brachial pressure index less than 0.9 were labeled as a case of peripheral arterial disease. Out of 1000 patients, 35 patients were symptomatic for peripheral arterial disease and all had ankle-brachial pressure index value < 0.9. Rest 965 patients were asymptomatic, out of which 155 (16.1%) had ankle-brachial pressure index less than 0.9. Elderly male smokers were the main victims. Hypertension was associated with an increased risk for peripheral arterial disease. Out of 15 patients with a history of coronary artery disease, 12 had peripheral arterial disease. The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in an asymptomatic hospital-based population was 16.1%. Screening by measuring ankle-brachial pressure index can help in its early detection. Risk factors modification at this stage can prevent significant morbidity due to the disease. © 2021, Association of Surgeons of India.
A study of bone marrow failure syndrome in children
(Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd, 2008) V. Gupta; S. Tripathi; T.B. Singh; V. Tilak; B.D. Bhatia
Background: Bone marrow failure syndrome (BMFS), or aplastic anemia, includes peripheral blood single cytopenias, as well as pancytopenia due to inability of the marrow to effectively produce blood cells. Aim: To study the clinico-hematological profile and etiological factors of bone marrow failure syndrome in children. Setting and Design: This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Pediatrics of a university teaching hospital over 36 months. Materials and Methods: Children with pancytopenia (Hb < 10 g/dl, absolute neutrophil count < 1.5 × 109/L, platelet count < 100 × 109/L) and bone marrow cellularity < 25% were included in the study. History of exposure to drugs, socioeconomic status, ethnicity and occupation of father were noted. Bone marrow aspiration; trephine biopsy; Ham test; viral studies for hepatitis A, B and C; and cytogenetic investigations were carried out. Statistical Analysis: Relative risk was estimated by odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) in matched cases and controls. Results: Of the 53 children studied, 6 (11.3%) were diagnosed as Fanconi anemia. Two cases had features of myelodysplastic syndrome. Forty-five children were labeled as acquired aplastic anemia, of whom one had evidence of hepatitis B infection and two patients (5.8%) had paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Aplastic anemia was more common in children from family with lower socioeconomic status; in Muslims; and where the father's occupation was weaving, dyeing and painting. However, the number was small to make statistically significant conclusions. No correlation could be established with exposure to drugs. Conclusion: Fanconi anemia was responsible for approximately one-tenth of the cases of bone marrow failure syndrome. Majority of the patients had acquired aplastic anemia. Hepatitis B infection was an uncommon cause of acquired aplastic anemia.
An epidemiological study of dementia among the habitants of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
(2011) K. Poddar; S. Kant; A. Singh; T.B. Singh
Dementia is one of the most serious health problems of the elderly and their caregivers. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of dementia in the community, its sociodemographic and behavioral associates to determine the risk factors among resident of two districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Materials and Methods: This study was based on 2890 subjects aged 50 years and above, residing in rural areas of Mirzapur and urban areas of the Varanasi district of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Efforts were made to identify the subjects of age 50 years and above using cluster sampling. The Hindi Mental State Examination was used as the instrument tool to determine the score and a cut-off score of ≤23 was considered as the presence of dementia among the identified subjects. Results: The overall prevalence of dementia was found to be 5.1%. This percentage was increasing with age and decreasing with educational level. Among females, the prevalence of dementia was observed (7.2%) to be double than that in males (3.8%). Widows/widowers/ unmarried had a double prevalence (9.3%) as compared with married (4.3%) people. The age, gender, marital status, education, occupation, number of family members in the household and liquor addiction were found to be significantly associated with dementia. The relative risk for the above-mentioned variables was found to be more than 1.
Assessment of contamination of soil due to heavy metals around coal fired thermal power plants at Singrauli region of India
(2010) Prashant Agrawal; Anugya Mittal; Rajiv Prakash; Manoj Kumar; T.B. Singh; S.K. Tripathi
In the present study, an attempt was made to measure contamination of soil around four large coal-based Thermal Power Plants. The concentration of Cadmium, Lead, Arsenic and Nickel was estimated in all four directions from Thermal Power Plants. The soil in the study area was found to be contaminated to varying degrees from coal combustion byproducts. The soil drawn from various selected sites in each direction was largely contaminated by metals, predominantly higher within 2-4 km distance from Thermal Power Plant. Within 2-4 km, the mean maximum concentration of Cadmium, Lead, Arsenic and Nickel was 0.69, 13.69, 17.76, and 3.51 mg/kg, respectively. It was also observed that concentration was maximum in the prevalent wind direction. The concentration of Cadmium, Lead, Arsenic and Nickel was highest 0.69, 13.23, 17.29 and 3.56 mg/kg, respectively in west direction where wind was prevalent. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Cerebrospinal fluid and serum zinc, copper, magnesium and calcium levels in children with idiopathic seizure
(2009) Rajniti Prasad; A. Singh; B.K. Das; R.S. Upadhyay; T.B. Singh; O.P. Mishra
Objectives: The present study was conducted to observe the alteration and their relations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) levels in patients with different types of idiopathic seizure and to determine the ratios of serum and CSF Ca/Mg and Cu/Zn. Methods: The children aged 1 to 14 years, having two or more unprovoked seizures, which were detected by normal MRI scan and abnormal EEG were included in the study group. The control group consisted of 40 healthy children without seizure. Zn, Mg and Cu levels in CSF and serum were analyzed by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: The study subjects included 34 generalized seizures (GS), 5 cases of simple partial seizure (SPS) and 5 Complex partial seizures (CPS). Serum copper (Cu) was significantly elevated (P-0.01) in children with seizures. Within the seizure group, serum Mg was significantly increased in GS and serum copper (Cu) levels were significantly increased in CPS and GS as compared to controls (p-0.001). However, calcium and zinc levels did not show any significant change in all groups. CSF Calcium was significantly increased in CPS patients. The ratio obtained for the levels of these parameters revealed a significant increase in serum Cu/Zn ratio (P-0.002) and CSF Ca/Mg (P-0.04) in patients with idiopathic seizure as compared to controls. This ratio was also significant between SPS versus CPS and CPS versus GS. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that high serum Cu and the increased ratio of serum Cu/Zn and CSF Ca/ Mg may be responsible for enhanced neuronal excitability in children with idiopathic seizures.
Clinical efficacy of Gojihvadi Kwath, Shirishadi Kwath, Sanjeevani Vati, Panchagavya Ghrita Granules & Shunthi Churna for COVID-19 management, a randomized controlled trial
(National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, 2024) Parameswarappa S. Byadgi; Meena Kumari; Vishwambhar Singh; Arun Kumar Dwivedi; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Sushil Kumar Dubey; Ashvanee Kumar Chaudhary; R.N. Chaurasia; Namrata Joshi; Hitesh Jani; Rajeev Kumar Mishra; T.B. Singh; P.S. Arunima; Remya Jayakumar
The obscure disease pattern of COVID-19 have to be evaluated with Ayurvedic interventions and the present clinical trial was a randomized open label parallel three-arm control trial on the major and minor symptomatic patients with the recent pandemic. The patients were recruited from the Super specialty building of Sir Sunderlal hospital, COVID-19 ward and home isolated ones. The Ayurvedic intervention includes the 15 days oral administration (Group A) –Gojihvadi Kwath, Sanjeevani Vati; Panchagavya Ghrit Granules; Shunthi (Dry ginger powder) plus conventional treatment, in (Group B) – Shirishadi Kwath, Sanjeevani Vati; Panchagavya Ghrit Granules; Shunthi (Dry ginger powder) plus conventional treatment and in Group C (control group) only the conventional medicines. Assessment was done based on the RT-PCR reports, signs and symptoms. The results point out the efficacy of trial medicine (that is group A and B) to discharge the patients earlier than those from the control group. The early reduction in the signs and symptoms noted were also observed. Group B showed a faster recovery from dry cough and shortness of breath and improvement in appetite. Home-isolation patients showed faster recovery of clinical symptoms than the hospitalized patients. Ayurvedic interventions can accelerate viral load clearance associated with quicker recovery and concurrently decrease the risk of viral dissemination. Additionally, there were no adverse reactions observed with these trial medicines. © 2024, National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research. All rights reserved.
Comparative evaluation of 5-HIAA (5-hydroxy indoleacetic acid) and HVA (homovanillic acid) in infantile hydrocephalus
(2008) S.C. Gopal; A. Pandey; I. Das; A.N. Gangopadhyay; V.D. Upadhyaya; J.P.N. Chansuria; T.B. Singh
Background: Infantile hydrocephalus is a common congenital problem. Functional and behavioral disturbances associated with hydrocephalus may be due to altered neurotransmitters in the brain. The role of neurotransmitters has been established in various psychiatric and neurological conditions. Therefore, we decided to study the role of 5-hydroxy indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of hydrocephalic patients as diagnostic and prognostic marker. Materials and methods: Ventricular CSF samples were taken from hydrocephalic patients peroperatively and at days 7 & 30. Control CSF samples were taken from nonhydrocephalic patients operated for other conditions. Samples were analyzed for 5-HIAA and HVA, and results were obtained accordingly. Results: Values of 5-HIAA and HVA showed a highly significant decrease after shunt insertion. No significant difference in values of 5-HIAA and HVA were observed in relation to age and duration of disease. The CSF ventriculo-lumbar gradient for both 5-HIAA and HVA done in six patients was statistically significant only in the noncommunicating group. Conclusion: Both the neurotransmitter metabolites 5-HIAA and HVA are found to be significantly high in the hydrocephalus, but 5-HIAA is a more sensitive parameter. These markers levels decrease after shunt insertion. Thus, estimation of these metabolites could be valuable markers for its diagnosis and follow-up. © Springer-Verlag 2007.
Completely Linear Stapled Versus Handsewn Cervical Esophagogastric Anastomosis After Esophagectomy
(Springer India, 2018) Tarun Kumar; Ravi Krishanappa; Esha Pai; Raxith Sringeri; T.B. Singh; Jyoti Swain; Sindhuri Kondapavuluri; Manoj Pandey
Very limited data is present which compares completely linear stapled to handsewn cervical esophagogastric anastomosis. Primary objective was to determine whether linearly stapled (LS) anastomosis has lower clinically apparent leaks, when compared to handsewn anastomosis (HS). Secondary objectives were morbidity, mortality, overall leak and stricture rates, and presence of a symptomatic cervical stricture. This is a comparative study of 77 patients who underwent LS (n = 29) and HS (n = 48) cervical anastomosis. Anastomotic leak was found to be 19.4% (15/77). In the HS group, 27.08% (13/48) and in the LS group, 6.89% (2/29), respectively, leaked (p = 0.03), relative risk (RR)—3.93 (95% CI 1.21–15.25). 32.5% (23/77) patients remained admitted for more than 14 days. 52.1% (25/48) patients in the HS group were discharged within 14 days of surgery; whereas; 93.1% (27/29) were discharged in LS group (p = 0.001), RR—6.95 (95% CI 2.13–25.94). Overall, 90-day mortality was 7.8% (6/77). In the HS group, 8.3% (4/48) patients died while in the LS group, 6.8% (2/29) patients died (p = 0.82), RR—1.21(95% CI 0.27–5.53). In the HS group, 6.25% (3/48) patients were diagnosed with stricture compared to 6.8% (2/29) patients in the LS group (p = 0.9), RR—0.91 (95% CI 0.19–4.44). Overall stricture rate was 6.4% (5/77). Cervical anastomosis done with linear staplers has less leak rates compared to handsewn anastomosis. © 2018, Association of Surgeons of India.
Correlation of ABO blood group phenotype and rhesus factor with periodontal disease: An observational study
(Medknow Publications, 2017) Anju Gautam; Neelam Mittal; T.B. Singh; Ruchi Srivastava; Pushpendra K. Verma
Background: The knowledge of the ABO blood group phenotype of the patients and their correlation with the periodontal disease maybe important in the development of early treatment strategies, and it would be helpful to target non-responding areas to periodontal therapy of the susceptible individuals. Aims: The present study was conducted to determine whether there was any correlation between periodontal diseases and ABO blood groups and Rh factor. Material and Method: This study was carried out on 537 subjects attending Faculty of Dental Sciences OPD in BHU. Subjects were divided into three groups: group I (healthy subjects), group II (subjects with gingivitis), and group III (subjects with periodontitis) based on periodontal examination (Gingival index, Bleeding Index, Probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level). ABO Blood grouping were done and correlated with the periodontal status of study subjects. Statistical Analysis: Data was analyzed using the statistical software namely Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, Version 16, IBM Analytics) and Systat 8.0. Results: In this study, there was a greater prevalence of gingivitis in blood group O and periodontitis in blood group B. The blood group AB showed the least prevalence of periodontal diseases. Similarly gingivitis and peridontitis were significantly higher among Rhesus positive groups when compared with Rhesus negative groups. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, it can be concluded that ABO blood groups and Rh factor could be a risk factor for the development of periodontal disease. © 2017 Contemporary Clinical Dentistry.
Development, validation and verification of a self-assessment tool to estimate Sadhaka Pitta (Mental strength)
(J. K. Welfare and Pharmascope Foundation, 2020) Vijay Laxmi Gautam; T.B. Singh; Sangeeta Gehlot; Hari Hridaya Awasthi
The holistic approach of Ayurveda, treating the patient as a whole, meaning intervention targeted toward complete physical, psychological, and spiritual well-being. Sadhaka Pitta is the factor responsible for mental health and mental strength (weak and strong Sadhaka Pitta functions) assattva. It is the sub-dosha of pitta among the five types. The primary objective of the study was to develop and validate a self-assessment tool to estimate Sadhaka Pitta. The developed tool was evaluated for its reliability and validity by administering to 50 healthy volunteers of either gender belonging to 21 to 50 year age groups. Besides confirming the statistical validity and reliability, the applied utility of the newly developed tool was evaluated by mental health based on Sadhaka Pitta functions parameters of all the volunteers. The results show that the mental functions controlled by brain, vary significantly according to functions of Sadhaka Pitta. The tool therefore can be used to screen normal population to look for possible susceptibility to certain behaviours. © 2020 International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Diarrhoea associated with candida spp.: Incidence and seasonal variation
(1996) Abhutt Chaudhury; Gopal Nath; Bhavana Shukla; Supriya Panda; T.B. Singh
To study the incidence and seasonal variation of diarrhoea associated with Candida, 978 diarrhoeal stool specimens from patients of all age groups were examined by microscopy and culture. Candida spp. was the sole pathogen (unassociated with other diarrhoeagenic bacteria, protozoa, or helminths) in 15.3% of the total cases. Candida albicans (94.9%) was the predominant species isolated. The incidence was highest among the infants aged 0-12 months (37.1%), followed by a decline in the rest of the children aged less than 5 years with a second peak in the people aged over 5 years, including adults. The paediatric age group had a significantly higher incidence in the summer season compared to the rainy (p<0.05) or winter (p<0.01) months. Thus, there was a definite age and seasonal variation in the incidence of diarrhoea caused by the overgrowth of Candida in the Varanasi region of the Indian subcontinent. © 1996 International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research.
Diffuse Phase Transition in (Ba, Ca) TiO3Ceramics
(1987) Dhananjai Pandey; V.S. Tiwari; T.B. Singh; Pandey Lakshman; Om Parkash; P. Ramachandrarao
Dielectric behaviour of (Ba, Ca) TiO3ceramics prepared by conventional and a novel technique has been studied as function of temperature and frequency. It is shown that by ensuring uniform distribution of Ca2+ions in the BaTiO3matrix, the transition from the ferroelectric to the paraelectric phase becomes more diffuse and is free from any relaxational effects at least up to 10 KHz. It is suggested that the relaxor behaviour of ceramics exhibiting diffuse phase transitions is due to the limitations of the processing techniques and is not the intrinsic property of the material. © 1987, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
Distribution of Hepatitis B virus genotypes among healthy blood donors in eastern part of North India
(2011) Kailash Kumar; Manoj Kumar; Sk.H. Rahaman; T.B. Singh; Saurabh Kumar Patel; Gopal Nath
Aim: We evaluated the distribution HBV genotypes among non-remunerated healthy blood donors in eastern North India. Materials and Methods: During screening of donated blood, 176 consecutive HBsAg positive, samples comprised the study. HBV-DNA was quantitative detected in 150 samples by PCR. HBV genotype was determined by identifying genotype-specific DNA band using nested PCR. Results: Majorities were of age group 31-40 yrs (65.3%). Males (92.7%) outnumbered females (7.3%) and were HbeAg-negative HBsAg carriers. Over all, genotype-A was the most prevalent (54%) followed by D (21.3%). We did not find genotype-G and H. Districts under study, divided into four zones: Zone-I genotype-A was most common (62.3%) followed by D (18.8%); Zone-II genotype-C (41.2%) was more frequent followed by D (20.6% and A (17.7%). Zone-III in adjoining Bihar state close to Zone-I, A was more prevalent (81.8%) followed by B and C (9.1%). In Zone-IV adjoining Zone- II had genotype-A (100%) only. Genotype-D had more sporadic distribution. Genotype-E and F were prevalent in Zone I and II (3/150, 2%). Conclusions: Among blood donors HBV genotype-A followed by D was the most prevalent in eastern North India. Genotype-A had pattern of distribution signifying common focus, while D was more sporadic and C had single large pocket (Zone-II) probably common focus but restricting to particular area. Evidences are suggestive of association of HBV genotype in liver dysfunction. An effective treatment and preventive strategies based of genotypes will reduce the disease burden and increase the blood safety.
Echocardiography versus cardiac biomarkers for myocardial dysfunction in children with scorpion envenomation: An observational study from tertiary care center in northern India.
(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Rajniti Prasad; Anil Kumar; Dharmendra Jain; B.K. Das; Utpal Kant Singh; T.B. Singh
Objective: This study was done to evaluate myocardial function by 2D Echocardiography and Cardiac biomarkers (cTnI, CK-MB, BNP) changes in patients of scorpion envenomation of grade II-IV and correlate mortality of envenomed children with myocardial dysfunction. Methods: A total of 40 patients admitted consecutively with grade II and more scorpion envenomation from October 2015 to July2018 were enrolled in the study. The data included demographics, the time of presentation, clinical features, echocardiographic findings, electrocardiographic findings, cardiac biomarker levels at admission and discharge, use of inotropic medication, oral prazosin, time of discharge, and their outcome. Results: The most common ECG abnormality was sinus tachycardia 28 (70%) followed by low voltage complex 13 (32.5%) which got normalized at the time of discharge in majority. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels were more than 0.1 ng/mL, suggesting myocarditis was present in 25 (62.5%) and got normalized at discharge. CK-MB levels were increased in 26 (65%) patients suggesting myocardial involvement. BNP levels were also increased in 24 (60%) patients suggesting heart failure and its value got normalized at discharge. Abnormal 2D Echo findings as reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was present in 18 (45%) cases suggesting myocardial dysfunction and became normal at discharge. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) considering ECHO cardiograph as gold standard were 100, 68.1, 72 and 100% respectively. One patient had died whose Ejection fraction was less than 30%. Conclusion: Echocardiography and cTnI can identify subgroup of patients, who require early aggressive therapy. Echocardiography, if not available, cardiac troponin I level can guide early therapy and indicates the prognosis. © 2020 Cardiological Society of India
Effect of ivabradine on heart rate, functional capacity and pulmonary artery pressure in patients of COPD with cor pulmonale
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Mohammad Kaleem; Abhishek Kaushley; Vikas Agrawal; T.B. Singh
We studied the effects of heart rate reduction by ivabradine to the ongoing therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cor pulmonale.100 patients of COPD with cor pulmonale with sinus heart rate ≥ 90 bpm were randomly assigned to either ivabradine 5 mg twice daily (50 patients) or placebo (50 patients) alongwith standard therapy. Assessment was done at baseline and after 6 months which included 6 min walk test (6MWT), dyspnea scoring by modified borg scale, Lung function test by forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) by echocardiogram. The drug group showed a significant reduction in heart rate from 95.1 ± 8.2 bpm to 71.1 ± 6.2 bpm (p < 0.001). This group also showed significant improvement in 6-min walk distance and dyspnea on modified Borg scale (p < 0.001) at 6 months follow up. However no significant difference was found between both groups regarding PASP or FEV1 at 6 months. © 2021 Cardiological Society of India
Hospital-acquired acute kidney injury in medical, surgical, and intensive care unit: A comparative study
(2013) T.B. Singh; S.S. Rathore; T.A. Choudhury; V.K. Shukla; D.K. Singh; J. Prakash
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in hospitalized patients. There are few comparative studies on hospital-acquired AKI (HAAKI) in medical, surgical, and ICU patients. This study was conducted to compare the epidemiological characteristics, clinical profiles, and outcomes of HAAKI among these three units. All adult patients (>18 years) of either gender who developed AKI based on RIFLE criteria (using serum creatinine), 48 h after hospitalization were included in the study. Patients of acute on chronic renal failure and AKI in pregnancy were excluded. Incidence of HAAKI in medical, surgical, and ICU wards were 0.54%, 0.72%, and 2.2% respectively (P < 0.0001). There was no difference in age distribution among the groups, but onset of HAAKI was earliest in the medical ward (P = 0.001). RIFLE-R was the most common AKI in medical (39.2%) and ICU (50%) wards but in the surgical ward, it was RIFLE-F that was most common (52.6%). Acute tubular necrosis was more common in ICU (P = 0.043). Most common etiology of HAAKI in medical unit was drug induced (39.2%), whereas in surgical and ICU, it was sepsis (34% and 35.2% respectively). Mortality in ICU, surgical and medical units were 73.5%, 43.42%, and 37.2%, respectively (P = 0.003). Length of hospital stay in surgical, ICU and medical units were different (P = 0.007). This study highlights that the characters of HAAKI are different in some aspects among different hospital settings. © 2013 Indian Journal of Nephrology.
Impact of sociodemographic factors and nutrition on the duration of induction phase of chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A tertiary center experience from North India
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2020) Priyanka Aggarwal; T.B. Singh; Vineeta Gupta
Background: Immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of infections, especially those living in poor hygienic conditions. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to assess the effect of weight, immunization status of the child at the start of treatment along with the socioeconomic status (SES), and demographic parameters, i.e., type of house, sanitary facility (SF), and source of drinking water on the duration of induction phase of chemotherapy (delayed if the patient received chemotherapy for >29 days). Materials and Methods: 110 pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients aged 1.5-14 years who underwent induction of remission from June 2015 to February 2018 were included. The immunization status and weight of the child were recorded at the start of treatment. SES was assessed using modified Kuppuswami scale and a questionnaire was used to determine various sociodemographic parameters. Results: The patients not immunized as per age (P = 0.000) and having poor demographic parameters, i.e., mud house (P = 0.000), absence of SF (P = 0.013), and nonfiltered drinking water (P = 0.005), had significant delay. The duration of induction phase of chemotherapy was not delayed with poor SES (P = 0.832). Although the duration was delayed in patients with weight ≥10 percentile, it was not statistically significant (P = 0.079). On analyzing the three demographic parameters together as Water-Sanitary Facility-Housing (WaSH) Score (0-4), the duration was also significantly delayed if the patients had WaSH score <2. Conclusion: The duration of induction phase of chemotherapy is delayed with inadequate immunization status and poor hygiene of the child. © 2020 Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology | Published by Wolters Kluwer -Medknow.
Knowledge and health seeking behavior related to Kala-Azar in rural communities of East Champaran District, Bihar
(Innovare Academics Sciences Pvt. Ltd, 2017) Navin Kumar; T.B. Singh; L.P. Meena
Objective: To find out the sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and health seeking behavior related to KA in the East Champaran district, Bihar among study subject. Methods: A case-control study was conducted to understand the knowledge and health seeking behavior related to KA in the East Champaran district. A total of 100 KA cases and 100 healthy controls selected from the neighborhoods of cases. Results: The knowledge of the population showed that the male constituted 58% of the total population in which 56% were case and 60% were control. Majority of the respondent 76.5% were aware from the KA. Maximum of the respondent 72.5% believed that biting time of sand flies were in the night. Moreover, 71% respondent cannot know how to protect the KA transmission. Conclusion: These results will be useful for further improvement in the KA control programs for intervention strategies. The knowledge of the study subject about KA, the vectors, the transmission of KA, and control measures was poor which needs some effort of the public health system by the Ministry working in the field of health. © 2017 The Authors.
Levels of immunoglobulins and complement C3 in protein-energy malnutrition [3]
(1999) O.P. Mishra; S. Agrawal; Usha; Z. Ali; B.K. Das; T.B. Singh
[No abstract available]