Browsing by Author "Tarun Minocha"

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All edible materials derived biocompatible and biodegradable triboelectric nanogenerator
(Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Gaurav Khandelwal; Tarun Minocha; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Arunkumar Chandrasekhar; Nirmal Prashanth Maria Joseph Raj; Subash Chandra Gupta; Sang-Jae Kim
The energy crisis and plastic pollution are of growing concern worldwide. Nanogenerators converting mechanical energy to electrical energy would be of assistance. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are inexpensive, simple to fabricate, and afford high output, as revealed by extensive research over the past decade. However, most TENGs use a polymer as either the substrate or the active layer, contributing to plastic pollution. Biodegradable/edible devices are required; they are harmless when discarded. We here derive a single-electrode lightweight TENG (E-TENG) using only edible materials. Laver coated with an edible silver leaf serves as the active layer and a rice sheet as the substrate. We analyzed surface potential, morphology, and roughness; laver was triboelectrically active. The results of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cell imaging, and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining suggest that the device minimally affected cell viability. The device was bioresorbable in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and gastric acid. Output performance was tested using paper, tissue paper, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP). The electrical performance was systematically studied; an FEP-laver E-TENG performed best (output of 23 V and current of 315 nA). The output was used to power a hygrometer, a wristwatch, green light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and ultraviolet (UV) LEDs. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Amyloidogenic Propensity of Metabolites in the Uric Acid Pathway and Urea Cycle Critically Impacts the Etiology of Metabolic Disorders
(American Chemical Society, 2024) Monisha Patel; Ankita Jaiswal; Anam Naseer; Ankita Tripathi; Aayushi Joshi; Tarun Minocha; Aanand Kautu; Shilpi Gupta; Khashti Ballabh Joshi; Manoj Kumar Pandey; Randhir Kumar; Kshatresh Dutta Dubey; Aamir Nazir; Sandeep Verma; Nidhi Gour
Novel insights into the etiology of metabolic disorders have recently been uncovered through the study of metabolite amyloids. In particular, inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs), including gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS), xanthinuria, citrullinemia, and hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome, are attributed to the dysfunction of the urea cycle and uric acid pathway. In this study, we endeavored to understand and mechanistically characterize the aggregative property exhibited by the principal metabolites of the urea cycle and uric acid pathway, specifically hypoxanthine, xanthine, citrulline, and ornithine. Employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), we studied the aggregation profiles of the metabolites. Insights obtained through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation underscore the vital roles of π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions in the self-assembly process, and thioflavin T (ThT) assays further corroborate the amyloid nature of these metabolites. The in vitro MTT assay revealed the cytotoxic trait of these assemblies, a finding that was substantiated by in vivo assays employing the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model, which revealed that the toxic effects were more pronounced and dose-specific in the case of metabolites that had aged via longer preincubation. We hence report a compelling phenomenon wherein these metabolites not only aggregate but transform into a soft, ordered assembly over time, eventually crystallizing upon extended incubation, leading to pathological implications. Our study suggests that the amyloidogenic nature of the involved metabolites could be a common etiological link in IEMs, potentially providing a unified perspective to study their pathophysiology, thus offering exciting insights into the development of targeted interventions for these metabolic disorders. © 2024 American Chemical Society.
Analyzing gene expression through real time PCR while neo-tissue regeneration using developed tissue constructs
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2020) Divakar Singh; Tarun Minocha; Satyavrat Tripathi; Rupika Sinha; Shubhankar Anand; Hareram Birla; Vivek Kumar Pandey; Arun Rawat; Smita Gupta; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Pawan Kumar Dubey; Pradeep Srivastava
Real-time PCR offers a wide area of application to analyze the role of gene activity in various biological aspects at the molecular level with higher specificity, sensitivity and the potential to troubleshoot with post-PCR processing and difficulties. With the recent advancement in the development of functional tissue graft for the regeneration of damaged/diseased tissue, it is effective to analyze the cell behaviour and differentiation over tissue construct toward specific lineage through analyzing the expression of an array of specific genes. With the ability to collect data in the exponential phase, the application of Real-Time PCR has been expanded into various fields such as tissue engineering ranging from absolute quantification of gene expression to determine neo-tissue regeneration and its maturation. In addition to its usage as a research tool, numerous advancements in molecular diagnostics have been achieved, including microbial quantification, determination of gene dose and cancer research. Also, in order to consistently quantify mRNA levels, Northern blotting and in situ hybridization (ISH) methods are less preferred due to low sensitivity, poor precision in detecting gene expression at a low level. An amplification step is thus frequently required to quantify mRNA amounts from engineered tissues of limited size. When analyzing tissue-engineered constructs or studying biomaterials-cells interactions, it is pertinent to quantify the performance of such constructs in terms of extracellular matrix formation while in vitro and in vivo examination, provide clues regarding the performance of various tissue constructs at the molecular level. In this chapter, our focus is on Basics of qPCR, an overview of technical aspects of Real-time PCR; recent Protocol used in the lab, primer designing, detection methods and troubleshooting of the experimental problems. © 2020, Bentham eBooks imprint. All rights reserved.
Appraisal of the Antioxidant Activity, Polyphenolic Content, and Characterization of Selected Himalayan Herbs: Anti-Proliferative Potential in HepG2 Cells
(MDPI, 2022) Sumaira Yousuf; Shabnam Shabir; Simran Kauts; Tarun Minocha; Ahmad A. Obaid; Anmar A. Khan; Abdulrahman Mujalli; Yahya F. Jamous; Sarah Almaghrabi; Bandar K. Baothman; Ahmed Hjazi; Sandeep K. Singh; Emanuel Vamanu; Mahendra P. Singh
Natural antioxidants derived from plants have played a vital role in preventing a wide range of human chronic conditions and provide novel bioactive leads for investigators in pharmacotherapy discovery. This work was designed to examine the ethnopharmacological role of Urtica dioica (UD), Capsella bursa-pastoris (CBP), and Inula racemosa (IR). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC) were illustrated through colorimetric assays, while the antioxidant activity was investigated through DPPH and ABTS assays. The evaluation of phytochemicals by FT-IR of UD and CBP revealed high contents of aliphatic amines, while IR showed a major peak for ketones. The antioxidant activity, TPC and TFC were highest in the ethanol extract of UD, followed by CBP, and IR showed the lowest activity. All of the extracts revealed significant antioxidant capacities along a dosage gradient. Through a HPLC analysis at a wavelength of 280 nm, UD leaves demonstrated an intense peak of quercetin, and the peak for rutin was less intense. CBP (whole plant), instead, demonstrated a major yield of rutin, and a peak for quercetin was not observed in CBP. IR (rhizomes) showed both quercetin and rutin. All of the extracts were significantly cytotoxic to HepG2 cells after 48 h with the trend IR > UD > CBP. The outcomes of this study may be effective in the selection of specific plants as realistic sources of the bioactive components that might be useful in the nutraceutical progression and other biomedical efficacies. © 2022 by the authors.
Asparagus racemosus root-derived carbon nanodots as a nano-probe for biomedical applications
(Springer, 2022) Gaurav Gopal Naik; Tarun Minocha; Abhineet Verma; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Satyen Saha; Ashish Kumar Agrawal; Sanjay Singh; Alakh N. Sahu
Nowadays, green nanotechnology has emerged as a crucial and eco-friendly approach to combat the problems affecting human health or the environment. It deals with the extensive utilization of plants owing to their cocktail of natural and chemical substances to eliminate adverse pollutants involved in the synthesis of nanomaterials. Herein, we report a facile one-step hydrothermal carbonization approach synthesizing fluorescent bluish-green carbon nanodots (CNDs) using Asparagus racemosus roots termed ARCD. The fluorescence quantum yield of ARCD was further improved by surface passivating it with a 1:1 ratio of Carrageenan (CAR) and Polyethylenimine (PEI), termed ARCCD. First, we demonstrate the application of ARCD and ARCCD as a nano-probe for sensing As3+ and Ag+. Second, we show an inhibitory effect on cancer cell proliferation against breast (MDA-MB-231) and cervical (SiHa) cancer. Also, no significant cytotoxicity was observed in the normal kidney (HEK 293) cells, indicating cytotoxic specificity of the developed CNDs. Third, we demonstrate antibacterial activity against clinically isolated multi-drug-resistant strains and free radicals scavenging potential. Next, we present the in vivo toxicity evaluation of these CNDs in Swiss albino mice, which exhibited minimal toxicity as confirmed by biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters. This study deals with an innovative approach to constructing a multifunctional nano-probe for potential biomedical and environmental applications. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Bacopa monnieri and neural health: An Indian herb
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2023) Prachi Pattnaik; Chetan Panda; Tarun Minocha; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Namrata Dwivedi; Sandeep Kumar Singh
The disorders of the central nervous system are increasingly recognized as one of the most prevalent disorders in the present world. It has been envisaged that neurological disorders will be of great concern in the present and future populations worldwide. The different neurological disorders may be associated with signs, such as loss of memory, impaired brain function, cognitive deficits, etc. The occurrence of such degenerative diseases of the nervous system certainly imposes medical and public health burdens on populations worldwide. The multifactorial nature of such neural disorders entails the use of modern medicine in combination with conventional medicines for treatment. There has been undeniably a revolution in the foundation of existing medical facilities, which have been strengthened by the amalgamation of phytomedicine. In recent times, the use of medicinal herbs to improve mental function has come into the limelight in both developed and developing countries. Increased research is being carried out to discover Ayurvedic medications owing to their biosafety profile and utility in cognitive impairment. The current chapter deals with the depiction of one such plant, that is Bacopa monnieri, which possesses neuroprotective properties, and is considered to be Medhya Rasayana (a nootropic drug). This Indian herb, being a dietary anti-oxidant, has several modes of action to protect the brain against oxidative damage and age-related issues. A majority of the plant compounds, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenes, present in medicinal plants, have been known to have therapeutic properties against neurodegeneration mainly by virtue of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloidogenic effects. © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved.
Circadian desynchronization in pregnancy of Golden hamster following long time light exposure: Involvement of Akt/FoxO1 pathway
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Megha Das; Soumya Ranjan Mohanty; Tarun Minocha; Nitesh Kumar Mishra; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Chandana Haldar
Coordination between central and peripheral reproductive clocks in females is poorly understood. Long light is having a hazardous effect on reproductive health. Hence, explored the effect of long-time light exposure (LLD; 16L:8D) on the central and peripheral reproductive (ovary and uterus) clock genes (Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2, Cry1 and Cry2) and its downstream regulators (Aanat, Egf, Cx26, Cx43, ERα, pAktS-473, pAktT-308, pFoxO1T-24, 14–3-3, HoxA10, HoxA11 and Pibf) expression in non-pregnant and pregnant Golden hamster. Young adult Golden hamsters were exposed to LLD for 30 days and then were mated. We observed that LLD exposure increased the thickness of the endometrium and reduced myometrium thickness, resembling uterine adenomyosis. In non-pregnant females LLD altered the expressions of clock genes in suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), ovary and the uterus along with serum estradiol rhythm. LLD upregulated Egf and downregulated Aanat, Cx26, and Cx43 mRNA levels in uterus. LLD upregulated Akt/FoxO1 phosphorylation and 14-3-3 expressions in the uterus of nonpregnant females. LLD exposure to pregnant females lowered serum progesterone, Aanat, Pibf, Hoxa10, and Hoxa11 mRNA expressions on D4 (peri-implantation) and D8 (post-implantation) resulting in a low implantation rate on D8 (post-implantation). Hence it is evident that the frequent pregnancy anomalies noted under a long light schedule might be due to desynchronization in Aanat, Pibf, Hoxa10, and Hoxa11 as well as the central and peripheral clock genes (Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2, Cry1 and Cry2). LLD exposure desynchronized the central and peripheral reproductive clock affecting uterine physiology via Akt/FoxO1 pathway in Golden hamsters. Thus, LLD is a risk factor for female reproductive health and fertility. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Continuous artificial light potentially disrupts central and peripheral reproductive clocks leading to altered uterine physiology and reduced pregnancy success in albino mice
(Springer Nature, 2022) Megha Das; Tarun Minocha; Dhanananajay Kumar; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Chandana Haldar
Aims: The mechanism behind clock coordination in female reproductive disorders is poorly understood despite the known importance of coordinated and synchronized timing of central and clocks in reproductive organs. We investigated the effect of continuous artificial light (LL) on the central and peripheral reproductive clock gene (Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2 and Cry1) and its downstream regulators (Hgf, PR-A and HOXA10) during non-pregnancy and pregnancy phases of female mice. Main methods: Mice (n = 60) in two sets, were maintained under continuous light (LL) and natural day cycle (LD;12L: 12D) for both non-pregnant and pregnant study. Tissues from hypothalamus-containing SCN, ovary, uterus and serum were collected at different zeitgeber time points (ZT; at 4-h intervals across 24-h periods). Key findings: LL exposure desynchronized the expressions of the clock mRNAs (Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2 and Cry1) in SCN, ovary, and uterus along with Hgf mRNA rhythm. LL significantly increased the thickness of endometrial tissues. Furthermore, the pregnant study revealed lower serum progesterone level during peri- and post-implantation under LL along with downregulated expression of progesterone receptor (PR) as well as progesterone dependent uterine Homeobox A-10 (Hoxa10) proteins with lowered pregnancy outcomes. Significance: Our result suggests that LL disrupted the circadian coordination between central and clock genes in reproductive tissue leading to interrupted uterine physiology and altered pregnancy in mice. This led us to propose that duration of light exposure at work-places or home for females is very important in prevention of pregnancy anomalies. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Photochemistry Association, European Society for Photobiology.
Epigenetic drugs based on antiaging approach: an overview
(Elsevier, 2022) Tarun Minocha; Namrata Dwivedi; Chetan Panda; Anamika Misra; Barsha Baisakhi Nayak; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Hareram Birla; Sandeep Kumar Singh
Aging is a natural physiological process that takes place during the course of life in all living beings. It is the main culprit in the growth and development of several chronic diseases because of changes or gradual decline of normal physiological functions. Several reports revealed that the epigenetic changes foisted and established a great impact on the aging process. Indeed, aging associated with epigenetic dysregulations imposes serious health concerns for various human pathologies including metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurological and psychological disorders. During the last few decades, a variety of natural and synthetic drugs are being employed for various therapeutic applications because of antiaging attributes; however, the results are still unsatisfactory. Therefore, nowadays, epigenetic drugs-based therapy has emerged as a possible and crucial approach for the treatment of several diseases associated with aging. In a nutshell, this chapter epitomes the role of epigenetic drugs that not only targets epigenetic pathways involved in a myriad of pathologies but also improves the lifespan of patients. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Flavonoids as Promising Neuroprotectants and Their Therapeutic Potential against Alzheimer's Disease
(Hindawi Limited, 2022) Tarun Minocha; Hareram Birla; Ahmad A. Obaid; Vipin Rai; P. Sushma; Chandan Shivamallu; Mahmoud Moustafa; Mohammed Al-Shehri; Ahmed Al-Emam; Maria A. Tikhonova; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Burkhard Poeggeler; Divakar Singh; Sandeep Kumar Singh
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the serious and progressive neurodegenerative disorders in the elderly worldwide. Various genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors are associated with its pathogenesis that affect neuronal cells to degenerate over the period of time. AD is characterized by cognitive dysfunctions, behavioural disability, and psychological impairments due to the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Several research reports have shown that flavonoids are the polyphenolic compounds that significantly improve cognitive functions and inhibit or delay the amyloid beta aggregation or NFT formation in AD. Current research has uncovered that dietary use of flavonoid-rich food sources essentially increases intellectual abilities and postpones or hinders the senescence cycle and related neurodegenerative problems including AD. During AD pathogenesis, multiple signalling pathways are involved and to target a single pathway may relieve the symptoms but not provides the permanent cure. Flavonoids communicate with different signalling pathways and adjust their activities, accordingly prompting valuable neuroprotective impacts. Flavonoids likewise hamper the movement of obsessive indications of neurodegenerative disorders by hindering neuronal apoptosis incited by neurotoxic substances. In this short review, we briefly discussed about the classification of flavonoids and their neuroprotective properties that could be used as a potential source for the treatment of AD. In this review, we also highlight the structural features of flavonoids, their beneficial roles in human health, and significance in plants as well as their microbial production. © 2022 Tarun Minocha et al.
In Vitro Cytotoxic Assessment of Functionalized Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Against Cervical Cancer
(Springer, 2023) Vivek K. Chaturvedi; Abhay Dev Tripathi; Tarun Minocha; Veer Singh; Mohan P. Singh; Dawesh P. Yadav
Cervical cancer is the most prevalent reproductive malignancy that affects the female reproductive system. A myriad of anti-cancer compounds has been used for its treatment, but the increasing mortality rates are still devastating. Currently, organic metal complexes are gaining popularity due to their anti-cancer attributes. Therefore, the current work was designed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of non-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (N-MWCNT) and functionalized MWCNTs (F-MWCNT) against cervical cancer. Initially, N-MWCNTs and F-MWCNTs were structurally characterized by various parameters, including FTIR, XRD, TEM, SEM, AFM, and EDAX. Our comparative study revealed that F-MWCNTs have a larger surface area and the presence of OH and COOH as functional groups, which are uniformly distributed in the tubular and crystalline structure. Furthermore, the MTT assay revealed IC50 values of 47.70 µg/ml and 61.94 µg/ml of N- MWCNTs and F-MWCNT, respectively; in that relation, our immunoblot results show upregulation of BAX and downregulation of BCL-2 in either of the cases, with N-MWCNT having 2.92 and 0.45 folds in comparison to 2.68 and 0.41 folds of F-MWCNT. Our results revealed that both materials inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Still, the effect of N-MWCNTs was more prominent as compared to F-MWCNTs. The overall conclusions of this study indicated that doses of F-MWCNTs could be explored for the safe drug delivery vehicle used as an effective biocompatible nanoformulation agent and this will open a new door for cervical cancer treatment. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
In vitro cytotoxic potential of cow dung and expired tomato sauces-derived carbon nanodots against A-375 human melanoma cell line
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Gaurav Gopal Naik; Reena Madavi; Tarun Minocha; Debadatta Mohapatra; Ravi Pratap; Singh Shreya; Pradeep Kumar Patel; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Avanish Parmar; Arjun Patra; Nishant Sudhir Jain; Swaha Satpathy; Mohsin Kazi; Muhammad Delwar Hussain; Alakh N Sahu
Converting biowaste into a functional product is put to the test by the growing amount of biowaste in the world and the environmental problems it causes. In this research study, we synthesized, characterized, and evaluated bluish-green luminescent carbon nanodots (CNDs) from cow dung and expired tomato sauces via a hydrothermal synthesis method at 160 °C for 8 h. The carbon nanodots were fabricated without additional passivating agents and exhibited good physicochemical and optical properties. The intrinsic properties of carbon nanodots were characterized using various spectral techniques. First, we evaluated the cytotoxic potential of carbon nanodots against A-375 human melanoma cell lines. This study revealed that carbon nanodots exhibited potent cytotoxicity and significantly inhibited the proliferation of A-375 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Next, we demonstrated these carbon nanodot's free radical scavenging potential by employing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The bluish-green fluorescent carbon nanodots fabricated using a green synthesis approach have broad potential for biological applications. © 2023 The Authors
In vitro profiling and molecular dynamics simulation studies of berberine loaded MCM-41 mesoporous silica nanoparticles to prevent neuronal apoptosis
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024) Anurag Kumar Singh; Snigdha Singh; Tarun Minocha; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Reema Narayan; Usha Yogendra Nayak; Santosh Kumar Singh; Rajendra Awasthi
Neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease has been reported to display features of apoptosis, pyroptosis (programmed necrosis), or necroptosis. This study thoroughly examines the production and characterization of MCM-41 based berberine (BBR)-loaded porous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) by a modified Stöber method, focusing on their possible role in inhibiting the apoptotic process. Particle size, polydispersity index, morphology, drug loading, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and drug release were examined. The formulation was analyzed using various spectroscopic techniques. The surface area was computed by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller plot. Computational models were developed for molecular dynamics simulation studies. A small PDI value indicated an even distribution of particles at nanoscale sizes (80-100 nm). Results from XRD and SEAD experiments confirmed the amorphous nature of BBR in nanoparticles. Nanoparticles had high entrapment (75.21 ± 1.55%) and drug loading (28.16 ± 2.5%) efficiencies. A negative zeta potential value (−36.861.1 mV) indicates the presence of silanol groups on the surface of silica. AFM findings reveal bumps due to the surface drug that contributed to the improved roughness of the MSNs-BBR surface. Thermal gravimetric analysis confirmed the presence of BBR in MSNs. Drug release was controlled by simple diffusion or quasi-diffusion. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the existence of diffused drug molecules. Cellular studies using SH-SY-5Y cells revealed dose-dependent growth inhibition. Fragmented cell nuclei and nuclear apoptotic bodies in DAPI-stained cells exposed to nanoparticles showed an increase in apoptotic cells. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated a lower red-to-green ratio in SH-SY-5Y cells treated with nanoparticles. This suggests improved mitochondrial health, cellular viability restoration, and prevention of the apoptotic process. This study provides essential data on the synthesis and potential of MSNs loaded with BBR, which may serve as a viable therapeutic intervention for conditions associated with apoptosis. © 2024 RSC.
Melatonin induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cervical cancer cells via inhibition of NF-κB pathway
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Tarun Minocha; Megha Das; Vipin Rai; Sumit Singh Verma; Nikee Awasthee; Subash Chandra Gupta; Chandana Haldar; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav
Cervical cancer is the most prevalent cancer in females. Melatonin, a neurohormone has been documented as a promising therapeutic molecule for cervical cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not known. We explored the dose-dependent anti-tumor response of melatonin against cervical cancer cell lines, HeLa (HPV-18 positive) and SiHa (HPV-16 positive). The anti-cancer effect of melatonin was evaluated by MTT assay, cell imaging, colony formation, DAPI, AO/PI, LDH, Flow cytometry, scratch assay, western blot analysis and real-time PCR. Results of DAPI, AO/PI, LDH, and Annexin/PI staining revealed that melatonin induces apoptosis. The results of cell cycle analysis revealed that melatonin arrests the HeLa and SiHa cells in sub-G1 and G1 phases, respectively. Western blot analysis revealed that melatonin downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory transcription factor, NF-κB and the expression of COX-2 protein, a key mediator in cell proliferation. In addition, melatonin downregulated the expression of an invasive marker, MMP-9, an antiapoptotic protein, Bcl-2, and upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic protein, Bax at both transcriptional and translational levels. Overall, the results suggest that melatonin exhibited strong anti-cancer therapeutic potential against human cervical cancer cell line progression possibly through inhibition of NF-κB signalling pathway. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Melatonin: A journey from bovine pineal gland to a promising oncostatic agent
(Elsevier Science Ltd., 2020) Tarun Minocha; Megha Das; Nitesh Kumar Mishra; Soumya Ranjan Mohanty; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav
Now a day's cancer is one of the second leading health issue across the globe. Low- and middle-income countries are more prone to cancer and approximately 70% of demises occur in these countries. Melatonin, being a natural signaling molecule is ubiquitously found in almost all the living creatures from organisms to plants. During the past few decades, several studies have inflamed the attention of melatonin as a potent candidate to combat myriad of cancers because of its anti-cancer attribute. Melatonin exhibits the oncostatic property hence, halts the growth of different tumors during different stages of their progression. In a nutshell, this chapter epitomes the therapeutic potential of melatonin against cancer and serves as a concrete platform for researchers to pillar the basic and clinical studies on melatonin for future research directions. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Mn(II) assisted synthesis of N-phenyl-5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine and evaluation of its antiproliferative activity
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Shubham Jaiswal; Shivendra Kumar Pandey; Tarun Minocha; S. Chandra; M.K. Bharty; S.K. Yadav; D. Kushwaha; R.J. Butcher
The global burden of cervical cancer is continuously increasing day by day affecting the world population. Wide arrays of agents are prevalent for the treatment of this chronic disease but the survival rates are still limited. The titled compound N-phenyl-5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine (Pypao) was prepared through the cyclization of nicotinoyl-N-phenyl hydrazine carbothioamide catalyzed by manganese (II) acetate. Uv-Vis, IR, NMR, elemental analyses, and single-crystal X-ray data were utilized for the description of the compound Pypao. The crystal structure of Pypao is stabilized via intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions, which is further confirmed with Hirshfeld surface analysis. The DFT methods were also used to optimize the Pypao and obtained bond parameters have been found coherent with the experimental data. FMO and TD-DFT studies are also performed to gain insights into the electronic behavior of Pypao. Furthermore, the binding potential of Pypao to different oncoproteins of HPV namely E6, E6AP, and E7 have been examined through a molecular docking study. The in-vitro anticancer activity of Pypao has been investigated against SiHa cells. The anticancer potential of Pypao has been evaluated through various assays including MTT, DAPI stating, AO/PI staining, etc. Both time and dose-dependent activity of Pypao have been investigated. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
Multi-Responsive Hydrogel Based on Sodium Alginate With Acrylic Acid and Methacrylic Acid: Impact on Normal and Cancerous Cells
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Krishtan Pal; Sheetal Jaiswal; Paramjeet Yadav; Rajesh Rakesh Kumar; Tarun Minocha; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav
The application of sodium alginate (SA) in the field of hydrogels has attracted much attention. However, it remains challenging to fabricate sodium alginate-based biocompatible hydrogels with improved strength, high elasticity, porosity, and extraordinary adhesiveness. Herein, a hydrogel is constructed by SA and a copolymer of acrylic acid (AA) and meth acrylic acid (MAA), was synthesized via a free-radical polymerization (FRP) and reinforced by using dynamic cross-linker (Fe2+/Fe3+) with their carboxylate groups (COO−) like a chelating complex. The XPS validates the presence of dynamic Fe2+ (711 eV)/Fe3+ (714 eV) ions in the hydrogel scaffold. Porous structure contributes to improving the swelling rate (400%) which assists in drug delivery (80%) applications. The hydrogel has a well-interconnected network with a crossover point (G′ = G″) at 120 Pa with 8.52% strain and various factors viz. frequency temperature and time sweep study affect the gelation. The hydrogel exhibits a substantial surface area (25m2/g), pore depth size up to 350 nm, and height distribution histogram average size of 394 nm. The poly(AA-co-MAA) copolymer found actively targeting breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and exhibited biocompatibility against HEK-293 cells and useful in water soluble controlled drug delivery. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Role of oxidative stress and metal toxicity in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2020) Hareram Birla; Tarun Minocha; Gaurav Kumar; Anamika Misra; Sandeep Kumar Singh
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the life-threatening neurodegenerative disorders in the elderly (>60 years) and incurable across the globe to date. AD is caused by the involvement of various genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors that affect neuronal cells to degenerate over the period of time. The oxidative stress is engaged in the pathogenesis of various disorders and its key role is also linked to the etiology of AD. AD is attributed by neuronal loss, abnormal accumulation of Amyloid-β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) with severe memory impairments and other cognitive dysfunctions which lead to the loss of synapses and neuronal death and eventual demise of the individual. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), loss of mitochondrial function, altered metal homeostasis, aberrant accumulation of senile plaque and mitigated antioxidant defense mechanism all are indulged in the progression of AD. In spite of recent advances in biomedical re-search, the underlying mechanism of disruption of redox balance and the actual source of oxidative stress is still obscure. This review highlights the generation of ROS through different mechanisms, the role of some important metals in the progression of AD and free radical scavenging by endogenous molecule and supplementation of nutrients in AD. © 2020 Bentham Science Publishers.
Synthesis, characterization of ruthenium (III) macrocyclic complexes of 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane(cyclam) and in vitro assessment of anti-cancer activity
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Rahul Kanaoujiya; Dharmveer Singh; Tarun Minocha; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Shekhar Srivastava
Cervical cancer is the fourth prevalent malignancy associated with cancer related deaths worldwide. A variety of resources has been invested in its treatment but the overall results are still unsatisfactory. During the last couple of years, a myriad of studies has inflamed the interest of macrocyclic ligands against a variety of chronic diseases. Macrocyclic ligands are pertinent because of their own attribution transient to the transition metal complexes. In this study noble macrocyclic ligand complexes of ruthenium (III) have been synthesized [RuCl3L1](Where L1 = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) and evaluated for the characterization. Cyclam macrocyclic ligand was used and its complexation properties with ruthenium (III) metal were investigated by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, FTIR, and XPS. Spectroscopic studies revealed distorted octahedral geometry of complexes. Moreover, the synthesized noble ruthenium cyclam complexes were executed for in vitro assessment to examine the anti-cancer attribute and results suggested that the ruthenium cyclam complex inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in cervical cancer SiHa cells. © 2022
Therapeutic Potential of Chlorophyll Functionalized Carbon Quantum Dots against Cervical Cancer
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Md Bayazeed Alam; Tarun Minocha; Sanjeev K. Yadav; Avanish Singh Parmar
Cervical cancer is an emerging gynecological disorder that affects the morbidity and mortality of the females worldwide. In 2018, according to the World Health Organization, 570,000 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer and 311,000 women died from the condition. Various anticancer agents are in the run to combat cervical cancer but overall results are still demoralizing. Various reports suggest that Quantum dots are being used as promising agents against several types of cancer. In the current study, we synthesized high-quantum yield chlorophyll functionalized carbon quantum dots (Chl-CQDs) from banana leaves with a simple and environment friendly hydrothermal process. The free radical activity of Chl-CQDs was measured using diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and azino-bis (ethylbenzothiazoline sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS⋅+), as well as their cytotoxic, bioimaging, and apoptogenic properties were also evaluated on normal cell line HEK-293 and human cancer cell lines SiHa. Our results of dimethylthiazol diphenyltetrazolium bromide tetrazolium reduction (MTT) assay showed that Chl-CQDs have profound effect on SiHa cells with an IC50 of approximately 100 μg/ml after 24 hours and no effect HEK-293 cells. Bioimaging and apoptogenic assays confirmed that Chl-CQDs exhibited strong therapeutic potential against SiHa cells and no cytotoxic potential against HEK-293 cells. The cumulative findings suggested that Chl-CQDs exhibited non-cytotoxic nature against HEK-293 cells whereas cytotoxic nature against SiHa cells. © 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.