Browsing by Author "Tej Bali Singh"

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A prospective, descriptive study to identify the microbiological profile of chronic wounds in outpatients
(HMP Communications, 2009) Somprakas Basu; Tetraj Ramchuran Panray; Tej Bali Singh; Anil K. Gulati; Vijay K. Shukla
Indiscriminate use of antibiotics for infected chronic wounds is a global problem that may contribute to delayed healing and the development of drug-resistant micro-organisms. A prospective, descriptive cohort study of 50 male and female outpatients (mean age 52.50 [± 14.84] years, range 18-90) with 52 chronic wounds was conducted to investigate the microbiological profile and prevalence of drug-resistant strains in chronic nonhealing wounds to develop an evidence-based approach to antibiotic therapy until drug sensitivity reports are available. Mean wound duration was 8.23 (± 12.35) months (range 1.5-72), average wound size was 29.70 (± 37.83) cm, and most patients had a lower extremity wound and diabetes mellitus (n ≤ 20). Pus and tissue samples were cultured and tested. Most (45) wounds contained a single organism and nine different genera were isolated. Of those, 39 were Gram-negative and 11 were Gram-positive (z ≤ 5.50, P ≤<0.001). The most common organisms were Pseudomonas (21 wounds) and Escherichia coli (eight wounds). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more common in patients with diabetes mellitus, in lower extremity ulcers, and in ulcers >20 cm2 (z-test, P <0.05). The presence of two organisms was more commonly observed in postsurgical/traumatic wounds. Ten (10) out of 55 pathogens (18.18%) isolated were drug-resistant, including Pseudomonas (seven), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (one), and extended-spectrum beta lactamase (two - E. coli and Citrobacter). Most (70%) drug-resistant pathogens were obtained from persons with diabetes mellitus. Overall sensitivity to piperacillin and tazobactum combination was high. Because the prevalence of monomicrobial flora in chronic wounds is high, if a wound infection is suspected, empiric therapy should target the most prevalent flora. The high rate of drug-resistant Pseudomonas and MRSA strains should discourage antibiotic use in chronic ulcers before obtaining culture results.
Acid exposure induces multiplication of salmonella enterica serovar typhi
(American Society for Microbiology, 2014) Suneel Kumar Ahirwar; Chandra Bhan Pratap; Saurabh Kumar Patel; Vijay K. Shukla; Indarjeet Gambhir Singh; Om Prakash Mishra; Kailash Kumar; Tej Bali Singh; Gopal Nath
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi faces several environmental stresses while going through the stomach (acidic pH) to the small intestine (basic pH) and intracellularly in macrophages (acidic pH) in humans. The acidic pH followed by alkaline pH in the small intestine might be responsible for expression of certain stress-induced genes, resulting in not only better survival but also induction of multiplication and invasion of the bacterium in the small intestine. Based on this hypothesis, we developed a process wherein we exposed the blood, urine, and stool specimens from 90 acute typhoid fever patients and 36 chronic typhoid carriers to acidic pH to see the effect on isolation rate of S. Typhi. About 5 g of freshly passed unpreserved stool, a centrifuged deposit of 15 ml of urine, and 5 ml of blood clot were subjected to 5 ml of Luria-Bertani (LB) broth (pH 3.5) for 20 min, followed by enrichment in bile broth-selenite F broth. When the combined isolation from all 3 specimens, i.e., blood, urine, and stool, after acid exposure was considered, a total of 77.7% of the acute typhoid patients were observed to be positive for the isolation of the S. Typhi serotype, compared to 8.8% by the conventional method. Similarly, 42% (15/36) of chronic carriers yielded positive for S. Typhi growth after acid exposure, compared to 5.5% (2/36) by the conventional method. It therefore can be concluded that acid shock triggers the multiplication of the bacteria, resulting in better isolation rates from blood clot, stool, and urine specimens. Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Arginase activity in carcinoma of the gallbladder: A pilot study
(2009) Vijay Kumar Shukla; Ashutosh Tandon; Braja Kishor Ratha; Deborshi Sharma; Tej Bali Singh; Somprakas Basu
Carcinoma of the gallbladder is the third most common cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent studies have shown increased arginase activity in various malignancies. The main aim of this study was to evaluate whether arginase activity increases in carcinoma of the gallbladder. The arginase activity was evaluated in serum and gallbladder tissue in 22 patients with histologically proven carcinoma of the gallbladder and 20 patients with cholecystitis using spectrophotometry and western blot assay. The Student's t-test, analysis of variance, and Student-Newman-Keuls test were used for comparison of data and for statistical significance. The mean tissue arginase and serum arginase activity (118.64±17.45 and 15.91±1.91, respectively) in cases of carcinoma of the gallbladder were significantly higher in comparison with cholecystitis (86.37±4.45 and 12.73±0.72, respectively). Subgroup analysis showed stage III gallbladder carcinoma had the maximum tissue arginase activity (142.00±21.68 U/g of tissue) followed by stage II (124.15±19.88) and stage I (108.46±6.73). This significant rise in mean tissue arginase and serum arginase activity in patients with gallbladder cancer probably supports an association between arginase activity and the malignancy. © 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
Assessing the Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Subjects with Family History of Hypertension
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2024) Dibyodyuti Samaddar; Shivangi Sinha; Raj Shekhar; Samir Kumar Singh; Anita Gupta; Tej Bali Singh
Background: Hypertension (HTN) has a genetic predisposition and it also impairs microcirculation, thereby, affecting the well vascularized structures like the brainstem and causing changes in Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEPs). Purpose: To find out the usefulness of BAEPs as a screening tool in apparently healthy individuals with a family history of HTN. Methods: One hundred and ten volunteers, aged 17 to 23 years, were enrolled in the study as participants with proper consent. After excluding the subjects with existing diseases or co-morbidities (e.g. diabetes, HTN, schizophrenia, neuropathy, etc.), those on ototoxic or neurotoxic drugs, a preliminary physical examination was performed, following which BAEPs were recorded with a proper device. Statistical analysis is done with SPSS 2016 software using the chi-square test. Results: A consistent distortion in the inter-peak latency of III-V waves is noted when a family history of HTN is present in either parent or maternal grandparents. Other statistically significant findings are present in V/I% (HTN in mother), wave I (HTN in paternal grandfather), wave III (HTN in maternal grandfather), and inter-peak latency I-V (HTN in maternal grandmother). Conclusion: BAEP may be used as a screening tool in individuals with a family history of HTN with supportive evidence from further studies in the near future. © The Author(s) 2023.
Association of carcinoma of the gallbladder with typhoid carriage in a typhoid endemic area using nested PCR.
(2008) Gopal Nath; Yogesh Kumar Singh; Kailash Kumar; Anil Kumar Gulati; Vijay Kumar Shukla; Ajay Kumar Khanna; Sunil Kumar Tripathi; Ashok Kumar Jain; Mohan Kumar; Tej Bali Singh
Although well studied the association between chronic typhoid carrier state and carcinoma of the gallbladder (CaGB) remains unproven. The study was performed at a tertiary care medical center in North India and involved 52 patients with CaGB, 223 patients with benign gallbladder diseases, 508 healthy individuals and, 424 corpses. For the detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, hepatobiliary specimens were subjected to DNA extraction for specific nested- PCR amplification of the S. Typhi flagellin gene. Anti-Vi S. Typhi antibodies were detected in serum samples from patients by indirect haemagglutination. Thirty five of the 52 (67.3%) CaGB patients were PCR-positive for the S. Typhi flagellin gene; significantly higher than for patients with benign gallbladder diseases (95/223, 42.6%; p<0.01) and corpses (35/424, 8.2%; p<0.001). The numbers of individuals that had significant anti-Vi antibody titres (> or = 160) in their serum were 20/52 (38.5%) for CaGB patients, 31/223 (13.9%) for patients with benign gallbladder diseases, and 47/508 (9.2%) for healthy individuals. Specific nested-PCR amplification of the S. Typhi flagellin gene in hepato-biliary specimens was more sensitive for detection of S. Typhi carriage than anti-Vi antibody titres in serum. The results demonstrate an association between typhoid carriage and gallbladder diseases, both CaGB and benign. S. Typhi specific immunosuppression is also suggested in patients with gallbladder diseases.
Association of type 2 lepra reaction with filariasis and malaria
(Medknow Publications, 2015) Satyendra Kumar Singh; Taniya Sharma; Gopal Nath; Tej Bali Singh; Manoj Kumar Shrivastava
[No abstract available]
Awareness and Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Infections and its Associated Factors among Clinically Suspected Cases Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Uttar Pradesh
(Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2024) Prince Kumar Patel; Tej Bali Singh; Satyendra Kumar Singh; Vikash Singh Patel; Swati Singh
Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) include a range of clinical syndromes that may be acquired/transmitted from one individual to another through sexual activity. This study aimed to determine the awareness and knowledge of sexually transmitted infections and its associated factors among clinically suspected cases. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was used among 194 STIs patients between aged 15 to 60 years from a tertiary care hospital during August 2022 to March 2023. Data were collected through self-administered structured schedule. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with awareness and knowledge of STIs. Results: The proportion of respondents with good awareness and knowledge about STIs was 62% and 50% respectively. Respondents with poor awareness and poor knowledge of STIs were found to be more likely to engage in informal treatment care (AOR = 7.39, 95% CI [2.14-25.52] P = 0.002),) and (AOR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.34-4.30], P = 0.021). Place of residence, educational status, occupation, type of treatment care was found to be significantly associated with awareness of STIs and type of treatment care, referral status, delay in seeking treatment were found to be significantly associated with knowledge of STIs. Conclusion: The current findings show that the knowledge level on STIs has slightly increased compared to previous studies, but it was still unsatisfactory. The existing education programs in the country should be enhanced, by conveying more information on STIs. © 2024 Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Awareness of sexually transmitted infection (STI)/reproductive tract infections (RTI) and HIV/AIDS in STI/RTI - Affected married women of rural areas of Varanasi district, Uttar Pradesh: A cross-sectional study
(Medknow Publications, 2015) Swati Singh; Satyendra Kumar Singh; Tej Bali Singh
[No abstract available]
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leucine-Rich Alpha-2 Glycoprotein (LRG) Levels in Children with Acute Bacterial Meningitis
(Springer, 2022) Kushal Talukder; Rajniti Prasad; Abhisek Abhinay; Ankur Singh; Ragini Srivastava; Om P. Mishra; Tej Bali Singh
This study evaluated the diagnostic role of cerebrospinal fluid leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein (CSF LRG) concentration in children with acute bacterial meningitis, and its role in differentiation from aseptic meningitis. CSF LRG concentration was measured by ELISA Kit of 50 children with bacterial meningitis, 16 aseptic meningitis, and 20 children with normal CSF; control. CSF LRG was significantly elevated (p < 0.001) in bacterial meningitis with a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 96%, 100%, 100%, and 90.9%, respectively at a cutoff of 110.0 ng/mL, based on ROC curve. At the same cutoff value, CSF LRG has sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 96%, 75%, 92.3%, and 85.7%, respectively in differentiating bacterial from aseptic meningitis. However, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV at 139.9 ng/mL for differentiating between definite and probable bacterial meningitis were 88%, 75%, 79.1%, and 84.9%, respectively. CSF LRG should be used as a diagnostic biomarker for bacterial meningitis. © 2021, Dr. K C Chaudhuri Foundation.
Cerebrospinal fluid TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in children with bacterial meningitis
(2014) Rajniti Prasad; Rishi Kapoor; Ragini Srivastava; Om Prakash Mishra; Tej Bali Singh
Objective We evaluated the levels of cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 in bacterial meningitis in children. Methods The study included children up to 14 years of age admitted to a pediatric ward with fever, headache, vomiting, and seizures. The diagnosis of bacterial meningitis was based on clinical features: physical examination, blood and cerebrospinal fluid cytochemical findings, Gram stain, and bacterial culture. The cerebrospinal fluid levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 were measured in 57 children with bacterial meningitis, 15 with viral meningitis, and 15 controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Results The mean concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 were 1108 ± 183, 652 ± 287, and 442 ± 120 pg/mL, respectively, in children with bacterial meningitis and were significantly increased in those in the viral meningitis group (tumor necrosis factor-α: 711 ± 105, IL-6: 272 ± 161, IL-8: 175 ± 62 pg/mL; P < 0.001) or control (390 ± 37, 59 ± 17, 19 ± 13 pg/mL, respectively, P < 0.001). At optimum cutoff level based on the receiver operating characteristic curve, cerebrospinal fluid cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8) showed sensitivity and specificity of 100% for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. For differentiation of bacterial from viral meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid level of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-8 showed sensitivity and specificity of 94.7% and 86.7%, 80.7% and 53.3%, and 89.5% and 86.7%, respectively. Conclusion The increased concentration of cerebrospinal fluid tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 in children with meningitis suggests a role in the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis and these levels might prove to be useful in children whose diagnosis is in question. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Cerebrospinal fluid tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) levels in children with cerebral malaria
(Oxford University Press, 2023) Rajniti Prasad; Raghvendra Singh Patel; S.P. Mishra; Ankur Singh; Abhishek Abhinay; Tej Bali Singh
This prospective cross-sectional study evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) in children with cerebral malaria (CM) and its role in the differentiation of CM from non-cerebral severe malaria. CSF TNF-a was measured using a human TNF-a enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit of 39 cases of CM and 19 cases of non-cerebral severe malaria. CSF TNF-a levels were significantly higher in CM (p < 0.001). Based on the receiver operating characteristics curve, a cutoff value of CSF TNF-a was 5.7 pg/ml for diagnosis of CM with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 87.2%, 94.7%, 97.1% and 78.3% respectively. The cutoff value of CSF TNF-a was 13.7 pg/ml for predicting adverse outcomes in CM with sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 100%, 96.8%, 88.9% and 100%, respectively. However, the cutoff value of CSF TNF-a was 4.96 pg/ml for predicting adverse outcomes in non-cerebral severe malaria with a sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 100%, 94.1%, 88.9% and 100% respectively. So, CSF TNF-a is an excellent biomarker and can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic tool. More studies are needed to establish CSF TNF-a as a predictor of neurological sequelae. © The Author(s) [2023]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
Chronic cervical lymphadenopathy in children: Role of ultrasonography
(2012) Anand Pandey; Shiv N. Kureel; Jigyasa Pandey; Ashish Wakhlu; Jiledar Rawat; Tej Bali Singh
Aim: To assess the usefulness of ultrasonography in the differentiation of causes of chronic cervical lymphadenopathy in children. Materials and Methods: Children with palpable cervical lymph nodes were included. An ultrasonographic examination was performed to delineate multiple lymph nodes, irregular margins, tendency towards fusion, internal echos, the presence of strong echoes and echogenic thin layer. Results: The total number of patients was 120. Echogenic thin layer and strong internal echoes were specific for tuberculosis. Long axis to short axis (L/S) ratio was more than 2 in most of the tubercular nodes (85.71%). Hilus was present in 50 (73.53%) tubercular lymphadenitis, 12 (40%) lymphoma and 10 (62.5%) cases with metastatic lymph nodes. Hypoechoic center was present in 60 (88.24%) tubercular lymphadenitis cases followed by 62.5% metastatic and 60% malignant lymphoma cases. Conclusions: Ultrasonography is a non-invasive tool for lymph nodal evaluation in children. It may be used to differentiate cervical lymphadenopathy with different etiologies in children. When correlated clinically, it may avoid biopsy in a patient.
Comparison of incidence of oculocardiac reflex between hang-back and conventional rectus recession in horizontal strabismus surgery
(IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2020) Meghna Roy; Rajendra P. Maurya; Virendra P. Singh; Mahendra K. Singh; Sandeep Loha; Tej Bali Singh
Purpose: To compare the incidence of oculocardiac reflex(OCR) between hang-back and conventional method of rectus muscle recession in horizontal strabismus. Materials and Methods: In this prospective, randomized, double blind study, 40 consecutive patients of horizontal strabismus were evaluated. The patients were randomized into two groups based on the type of surgical recession technique employed for squint correction. Twenty patients were operated by Hang-back technique (group-1) and 20 by conventional rectus muscle recession where the muscle tendon was sutured directly to the globe (group-2). All patients underwent pre-operative evaluation which included refraction, keratometry and assessment of angle of deviation etc. ECG was monitored before surgery. During surgery heart rate (HR) was recorded as heart rate baseline (HRB), after 5 minutes of intubation (HR5), during muscle traction (HRT), Minimum heart rate during traction of muscle (HRMin), Maximum increase in heart rate (HRMax). OCR was defined as > 20% reduction in HR during muscle traction as compared to baseline HR. Results: Out of total 40 patients 17(42.50%) were having exotropia and 23 (57.50%) had esotropia. The overall incidence of OCR in conventional recession was found to be greater than that in hang-back recession. The mean baseline HR was 72.00± 7.391 beat/min in conventional recession group and 77.55± 7.494 beat/min in hang-back recession group. The mean HR reduction in conventional procedure was 56.05± 8.787 beat/min. and that in hang-back procedure 61.80 ± 9.317 beat/min., which was statistically significant (p<0.001).. This was probably attributed to the shorter duration of surgery and lesser manipulation during surgery in hang-back as compared to conventional procedure. Conclusion: OCR is a common complication encountered during manipulation of muscle during strabismus surgery. Hang-back recession is a safe and effective method of muscle recession as it offers a shorter surgical time and better exposure along with lesser incidence of OCR with similar success rates when compared to conventional muscle recession. © 2020 Innovative Publication, All rights reserved.
Comparison of Vi serology and nested PCR in diagnosis of chronic typhoid carriers in two different study populations in typhoid endemic area of India
(SEAMEO TROPMED Network, 2010) Gopal Nath; Pushpa Maurya; Anil Kumar Gulati; Tej Bali Singh; Ramit Srivastava; Kailash Kumar; Sunil Kumar Tripathi
For detection of chronic typhoid carriers, nested PCR targeting flagellin the gene of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Typhi was carried out on DNA extracted from hepatobiliary specimens from 424 autopsies which were apparently free from gallbladder pathology on postmortem examination. The second study population was 508 healthy volunteers, who did not suffer from typhoid fever during the preceding year and whose sera were subjected to detection of carriage by estimation of Vi antibody levels using an indirect hemagglutination assay. Males of both study populations had comparable rates of detection by the two methods, 6.3% by PCR and 4.1% by Vi serology. Similarly, females in both study groups had comparable frequency of detection of chronic typhoid carriage using the two methods, ie 13.1% by PCR and 15.1% by Vi serology. S. Typhi specific immunosuppression could be speculated in females of 51-60 years as only 40% were positive by Vi serology against 100% by nested PCR. Vi serology may be recommended for community based detection of chronic typhoid carriers.
Correlation between antral follicle count and anti-Mullerian hormone in infertile Indian women
(Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, 2021) Shivi Jain; Ram Chandra Shukla; Madhu Jain; Usha Singh; Tej Bali Singh
Background: Antral follicle count (AFC) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) have been used as indicators of ovarian reserve in infertile women. There still exists a debate about the association between the two parameters. Objective: The objective of the study was to find out the relationship between AFC and AMH in infertile women. Methods: This was a prospective, hospital-based, cross-sectional study, in which 1083 infertile women (aged 20– 40 years) with primary infertility were included. They were divided into four age groups, i.e., Group I (20–24 years), Group II (25–29 years), Group III (30–34 years), and Group IV (35–40 years). AMH and AFC were measured on 3rd day of menstrual cycle. Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis were done to find out the relationship between age, AFC, and AMH. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA). A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was modest negative correlation of AFC with age (r = −0.476, P < 0.001). AMH showed strong negative correlation with age (r = −0.844, P < 0.001) and modest positive correlation with AFC (r = 0.400, P < 0.001). For separate age groups also, statistically significant correlations (P < 0.05–P < 0.001) were noted between age, AFC, and AMH. Age explained 22.7% variation in AFC and 71.2% variation in AMH. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between AMH and AFC in infertile women. AFC showed a continuous decline with increasing age. However, AMH increased with age till third decade of life and showed negative correlation with AFC. Thereafter, AMH started decreasing with age and showed positive correlation with AFC. © The Authors.
Correlation between fasting blood sugar and cytomorphometric values of diabetic patient's buccal mucosa exfoliative cytology
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2018) Rahul Agrawal; Naresh Kumar; Kanupriya Gupta; Tej Bali Singh
Objectives: Type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has considerable prevalence in India. A noninvasive diagnostic tool will be more appropriate in conditions like DM. In this study, we intend to find a difference in cytomophometric values, and glycogen accumulation (if any) in buccal mucosa exfoliated cells of type-2 DM patients when compared to nondiabetic healthy individuals, and establish its diagnostic role. Methodology: In the present study, 36 known DM patients with at least 1-year history (case group) and 36 healthy, age- (5 year interval) -matched patients (control group) were included in the study. Patients with any other systemic disease were excluded from the study. Buccal mucosa exfoliative cytology smears were prepared from all 72 patients and stained with Papanicolaou (PAP) stain. The cytomorphometric analysis was performed to evaluate nuclear area (NA), cytoplasmic area (CA), and cytoplasm to nuclear area ratio (CNR) of cells in the smear. The data were tabulated and statistically analyzed using Chi-square test, Student's t-test, Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient and significance (two tailed) test. Results: Statistically significant difference was found in NA and CNR in exfoliative cytology of DM patient group when compared to control group. Fasting blood sugar of DM patients was significantly correlated with NA and CNR of buccal mucosa exfoliated cells. Conclusion: The cytomorphometric changes in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells of type-2 DM patients can have a diagnostic value which needs to be explored further. © 2016 Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics.
Correlation of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and central macular thickness (CMT) in the diabetic population in North India
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024) Swasti Pandey; Deepak Mishra; Tej Bali Singh; Praveen Tiwari; Manisha; Ekagrata; Samvida Parihar
Purpose: The current study was aimed to find correlation of glycosylated hemoglobin with retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) and central macular thickness (CMT) in the diabetic population in North India. Methods: This was a cross‑sectional observational study of 300 diabetic patients divided equally in two groups with and without retinopathy, and 150 people were included as control. The study was conducted from October 2020 to August 2022. All patients underwent slitlamp fundoscopy with a +78 D lens, and spectral‑domain (SD) optical coherence tomography was performed to measure the RNFLT and CMT, and the staging of retinopathy was done as per the ETDRS classification. Along with that, blood investigations were ordered, including fasting (FBS) and post‑prandial (PPBS) blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Quantitative variables were compared using one‑way analysis of variance, or Kruskal–Wallis test was applied for inter‑group comparison, followed by a Student Newman Keuls Test. Results: The mean age of the patients in the diabetic group with retinopathy was 52.62 ± 9.38 years. The overall male: female ratio was 3:2. The mean FBS in the diabetic group with retinopathy was 146.54 ± 45.40mg/dl; the PPBS and HbA1c in the same were 210.39 ± 63.71mg/dl and 7.85 ± 1.33%, respectively. RNFL thinning was found in all four quadrants in diabetics irrespective of the status of retinopathy (P‑value = 0.000) with a significant weak negative (r<0.4) correlation of glycosylated hemoglobin values with RNFLT in the inferior (r value = ‑0.300, P-value = 0.000) and superior (r value = ‑0.236, P-value = 0.004) quadrants of right eyes and in inferior (r value = ‑0.176, p‑ value = 0.031), superior (r value = ‑0.222, P value = 0.006), and nasal quadrants (r value = ‑0.166, p‑ value = 0.043) of left eyes in diabetics with retinopathy. However, in diabetics without retinopathy, no correlation was found. On correlating HbA1c with CMT, a weak positive (r<0.3) association existed in both eyes in the diabetic group without retinopathy (r = 0.020 and 0.048 for OD and OS, respectively) and diabetics with retinopathy (r = 0.152 and 0.127 for OD and OS, respectively). However, the association was not found to be significant in either of the groups (P‑value > 0.05). Conclusion: The study concluded that neurodegeneration occurs in diabetic retinopathy as evident with nerve fiber layer thinning, and it is negatively correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). © 2024 Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.
Drug resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi isolated from chronic typhoid carriers
(2012) Chandra Bhan Pratap; Saurabh Kumar Patel; Vijay K. Shukla; Sunil Kumar Tripathi; Tej Bali Singh; Gopal Nath
[No abstract available]
Early marker of left ventricular dysfunction in echocardiography and cardiac biomarkers in sick children with severe acute malnutrition
(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Sunil Kumar Rao; Dharmendra Jain; Tej Bali Singh
[No abstract available]
Effect of Cytomodulin-10 (TGF-ß1 analogue) on wound healing by primary intention in a murine model
(2009) Somprakas Basu; Mohan Kumar; J.P.N. Chansuria; Tej Bali Singh; Raj Bhatnagar; Vijay K. Shukla
Objective: To evaluate the effect of Cytomodulin-10 (CM-10), a transforming growth factor-beta analogue, on wound healing by primary intention. Method: Sixty male albino rats of Charles Foster strain (100-150 g) were used. After intraperitoneal anesthesia, a cutaneous incised wound (4 cm) was created on the back of each rat, which was closed by silk stitches and allowed to heal by primary intention. They were equally divided as test and control. CM-10 was applied to the test wounds daily. At the end of 7, 14 and 21 days of wounding, 10 rats from each group were sacrificed and their wounds were compared. Outcome measures were: 1) breaking force of wounds, 2) histological assessment of healing and 3) evaluation of angiogenesis. Statistical significance was assessed by Student's t-test, ANOVA and Bonferroni correction. Result: There was a significant increase in the breaking force (P < 0.001). Histological examination showed early epithelization, increased collagen deposition and decreased inflammatory cellular infiltrate at 1st week in the test group. The treated wounds also demonstrated earlier remodeling. Angiogenesis score was significantly higher in the test wounds at 1st week (40.6 vs. 30.8; P < 0.001), but not in the subsequent weeks. Conclusion: Cytomodulin is a strong promoter of wound healing by primary intention. It increases tensile strength and induces early epithelization. It also promotes increased collagen deposition, early remodeling and increased angiogenesis. © 2009 Surgical Associates Ltd.