Browsing by Author "Tuhina Gayen"

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Alterations in certain oxidative, physiological, neurological, and immune parameters in the skin of cyprinus carpio exposed to triclosan
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) Anchal Tripathi; Tuhina Gayen; Swati Mittal; Usha Kumari
Triclosan is one of the most widely used antibacterial additives in several personal care products (PCPs). Despite significant advances in understanding the effects of triclosan (TCS) on various aquatic organisms over the past two decades, its impact on the integrity of fish barrier function remains unexplored. The present study aims to investigate oxidative, physiological, neurological and immune parameters in the skin of Cyprinus carpio on exposure to three sublethal concentrations (1 µg/L, 10 µg/L, and 100 µg/L) of TCS at 7 day (d), 14 d, 21 d, and 28 d. The findings of the study revealed a significant (p < 0.05) decline in the activity of antioxidant parameters - superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione (GSH) content. In contrast, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the activity of metabolic enzymes - acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and oxidative stress parameters - lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) levels was observed till 28 d. TCS significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity from 7-28 d, resulting in the accumulation of acetylcholine (Ach) content at the end of 28 d. Further, a dose-dependent (p < 0.05) increase in cortisol, glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels was observed at the end of 28 d. Significant (p < 0.05) increase in the percentage of CD8+ T cells in the exposed groups was observed at 28 d. Additionally, significant (p < 0.05) increased levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), along with a decline in interleukin-10 (IL-10), were noted at the end of the exposure period. Alterations in the stress, physiological, and immunological parameters indicate a shift toward inflammation, tissue damage, and increased vulnerability to infections. The results of this study suggest that TCS present in natural aquatic systems may disrupt skin physiology, potentially compromising the overall health of fish. Further, it emphasizes the need to regulate TCS usage in PCPs mitigating potential adverse effects on non-target aquatic organisms. © 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Assessment of cell death in the liver of Labeo rohita on exposure to an emerging contaminant aspirin: an immunofluorescent, flow cytometric and biochemical investigation
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Tuhina Gayen; Anchal Tripathi; Swati Mittal; Usha Kumari
Aspirin is one of the most frequently detected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in aquatic environments. Despite its prevalence, toxicity possessed by aspirin to non-target organisms like fish is poorly explored. In the present study, cell death induced by different concentrations of aspirin (1, 10, and 100 µg/L) has been investigated in the liver of fish, Labeo rohita exposed for 28 days. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in the density of caspase-3 positive cells in a dose and duration-dependent manner assessed through immunofluorescent staining indicates caspase-dependent pathway of cell death which may be either through intrinsic or extrinsic pathway. The flow cytometric analysis, in addition, revealed a significant (p < 0.05) decline in the live cells and an increase in apoptotic cells in the liver of fish exposed to aspirin. Cell death due to apoptosis is further indicated by a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the Kupffer cells and tumor necrosis factor-α. The decrease in the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme significantly (p < 0.05) in all three exposure concentrations of aspirin suggests COX-dependent pathway of cell death. The present study provides in-depth insights into aspirin-induced cell death in the liver of fish at environmentally realistic concentrations. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024.
Assessment of triclosan induced histopathological and biochemical alterations, and molecular docking simulation analysis of acetylcholinesterase enzyme in the gills of fish, Cyprinus carpio
(Springer, 2024) Anchal Tripathi; Tuhina Gayen; Priyasha Maitra; Usha Kumari; Swati Mittal; Ajay Kumar Mittal
Triclosan (TCS), an antimicrobial additive in various personal and health care products, has been widely detected in aquatic environment around the world. The present study investigated the impacts of TCS in the gills of the fish, Cyprinus carpio employing histopathological, biochemical, molecular docking and simulation analysis. The 96 h LC50 value of TCS in C. carpio was found to be 0.968 mg/L. Fish were exposed to 1/1000th (1 µg/L), 1/100th (10 µg/L), and 1/10th (100 µg/L) of 96 h LC50 value for a period of 28 days. The histopathological alterations observed in the gills were hypertrophy, hyperplasia, edematous swellings, and fusion of secondary lamellae in TCS exposed groups. The severity of these alterations increased with both the concentration as well as the duration of exposure. The present study revealed that the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced glutathione content decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in both concentration and duration dependent manner. However, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the activity of the metabolic enzymes such as acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase was observed in all three exposure concentrations of TCS from 7 to 28 days. The activity of acetylcholinesterase declined significantly (p < 0.05) from 7 to 28 days whereas the content of acetylcholine increased significantly at the end of 28 day. The experimental results were further confirmed by molecular docking and simulation analysis that showed strong binding of TCS with acetylcholinesterase enzyme. The study revealed that long-term exposure to sublethal concentrations of TCS can lead to severe physiological and histopathological alterations in the fish. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Ecotoxicological impacts of environmentally relevant concentrations of aspirin in the liver of Labeo rohita: Biochemical and histopathological investigation
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Tuhina Gayen; Anchal Tripathi; Usha Kumari; Swati Mittal; Ajay Kumar Mittal
Aspirin is one of the emerging pharmaceutical contaminants in the aquatic environment and thus it could impart toxicity to non-target organisms including fish. The present study aims to investigate the biochemical and histopathological alterations in the liver of the fish, Labeo rohita exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of aspirin (1, 10, and 100 μg/L) for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The biochemical investigation revealed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase; and reduced glutathione content in a concentration and duration dependent manner. Further, the decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase was in a dose dependent manner. The activity of glutathione-s-transferase, however, increased significantly (p < 0.05) in a dose dependent manner. The lipid peroxidation and total nitrate content showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in a dose and duration dependent manner. The metabolic enzymes such as acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in all three exposure concentrations and durations. The histopathological alterations in the liver such as vacuolization, hypertrophy of the hepatocytes, nuclear degenerative changes, and bile stagnosis increased in a dose and duration dependent manner. Hence, the present study concludes aspirin has a toxic impact on fish, which is evidenced by its profound effect on biochemical parameters and histopathological analysis. These can be employed as potential indicators of pharmaceutical toxicity in the field of environmental biomonitoring. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd