Browsing by Author "V.K. Mishra"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 35

Assessment of spot blotch disease and terminal heat stress on the performance of spring wheat genotypes in eastern Indo-Gangetic plains of India
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) R.K. Chaubey; D.D. Bhutia; S. Navathe; V.K. Mishra; A.K. Singh; R. Chand
Spot blotch and terminal heat stress are the two major constraints of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains (EGP) of South Asia, causing severe yield losses. The present study has assessed various morphological traits with spot blotch and terminal heat stress on wheat. A total of 55 wheat genotypes were evaluated in two sets of growing conditions (GC); GC-1 (timely sown + protected from spot blotch) and GC-2 (late sown + inoculated with spot blotch). Differential responses of high temperature and spot blotch have been realized as significantly reducing the mean performance of traits under GC-2. The present study observed a yield loss of 57%, on a mean basis, from GC-1 to GC-2. This study also emphasized that area under SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) decline curve, i.e., AUSDC and areas under NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) decline curve, i.e., AUNDC becomes more responsive in deciding the performance of a crop and positively influence most of the yield contributing traits under stress conditions. Regression analysis revealed that AUSDC and days to maturity (DM) were major predictor variables when plants faced high temperature and spot blotch disease stress (GC-2). The present study identified six wheat genotypes CRPW-16, CRPW-53, CRPW-11, CRPW-35, CRPW-9 and CRPW-40 as resistant to spot blotch, tolerant to terminal heat with high yield potential. These promising genotypes would serve as breeding material to develop stress-tolerant wheat varieties more especifically for EGP of India. © 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.).
Assessment of variability in phenological, morphological and yield traits in a biparental RIL population in wheat (Triticum aestivum L)
(Indian Society of Plant Breeders, 2020) Sadiah Shafi; Parvaze A. Sofi; Bikram Singh; J.P. Jaiswal; V.K. Mishra; R.R. Mir
A HUW-234 × HUW-468 RIL population in wheat comprising 160 RIL's along with two parents and two released varieties were evaluated for phenological, morphological and seed traits in an augmented block design and variability was assessed through principal component analysis. PCA concentrated variability in first five principal components. The total variance explained with the first six PC's was 76.65 per cent. Latent roots (Eigen values) for significant PCs ranged from 3.39 (PC1) to 1.05 (PC5). The first two PC's that were used for constructing biplot graphs explained 42.77 %. The first PC contributed 25.48 per cent of total variation mainly contributed by the grain yield per plant (30.59 per cent), seed growth rate (30.44 per cent), spikelets per spike (16.15 per cent) and 1000-grain weight (16.03 per cent). The second component explained 17.29 per cent of variation contributed largely by days to seed fill (38.31 per cent), days to flowering (35.68 per cent) and seed length (11.41 per cent), while as the third, fourth and fifth component explained 15.29, 9.95 and 8.63 per cent of variations respectively. Six variables including seed yield per plant, seed growth rate, days to seed fill, spikelets per spike, 1000-grain weight and days to flowering contributed above the expected average to the variability in PC1 and PC2. Grain yield was positively correlated with seed growth rate followed by spikelets per spike, 1000-grain weight and seed breadth. A number of RILs were identified based on their superior performance for various phonological and yield traits. RILs 3, 11, 89 and 150 had superior performance for multiple traits indicating desirable segregation for various traits. © 2020, Indian Society of Plant Breeders.
Biochemical Profiling of Seedling and Adult Plant and Its Association with Spot Blotch Resistance in Bread Wheat
(Pleiades journals, 2021) S.S. Mahapatra; S. Navathe; V.K. Mishra; R. Chand
Abstract: Spot blotch of wheat is an emerging threat that causes an annual yield loss of ~17%. The progression of the disease is believed to be dependent on the stage of growth. The response of seedlings to spot blotch infection remains unclear. Here, we have evaluated spot blotch resistance in wheat seedlings using (55) genotypes, covering a broad gene pool/pedigree. The germination of B. sorokiniana spores was independent of the growth stages of the plant. The initial number of lesions produced on seedlings was restricted to 10 in 47 genotypes. Such lesions did not increase in size and numbers in the inoculated seedlings. Conidiophores and conidia were not produced in the lesions. The reprogramming of SOD and MDA activity was reported after inoculation, and the maximum SOD activity was observed at 72 hours after inoculation. There was a negative correlation between SOD and MDA. The lignin content assessment and the activity of enzymes involved in the lignin biosynthesis pathway revealed their role in spot blotch resistance. This investigation is a step towards bridging the information gap by evaluating the germplasm of wheat and understanding the pattern of spot blotch resistance in seedlings and adult wheat. © 2021, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
Biochemical, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of maize genotypes under drought stress reveals important insights into their interaction and homeostasis
(Institute of Experimental Botany, ASCR, 2022) G.M. Singh; S. Goldberg; D. Schaefer; F. Zhang; S. Sharma; V.K. Mishra; J. Xu
Many studies have been conducted on maize to study the effect of drought on yield at the flowering stage, but understanding biochemical and photosynthetic response against drought at the seedling stage needs to be well established. Thus, to understand differential changes and interaction of biochemical and photosynthetic parameters at the seedling stage under drought, a greenhouse experiment with twelve maize genotypes under severe drought (30% field capacity) and irrigated (90–100% field capacity) conditions were performed. Drought differentially altered biochemical and photosynthetic parameters in all genotypes. A sharp increase in hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) were seen and a positive association between H2O2 and TAOC, and MDA and transpiration rate (E) was observed under drought. Nonphotochemical quenching increased under drought to avoid the photosystem damage. PCA biplot analysis showed that reducing E and increasing photosynthetic efficiency would be a better drought adaptation mechanism in maize at the seedling stage. © The authors.
Bioefficacy of certain newer insecticides against brinjal shoot and fruit borer, (Leucinodes orbonalis Guen.)
(Malhotra Publishing House, 2015) D.K. Yadav; N.N. Singh; V.K. Mishra; S.K. Singh
The minimum per cent shoot infestation by brinjal shoot and fruit borer, (Leucinodes Orbonalis Guen.) was recorded in Profenofos 50 EC followed by Indoxacarb 14.5 SC and maximum in NSKE 5%. The minimum per cent fruit infestation was recorded in Indoxacarb 14.5 SC followed by Profenofos and maximum in NSKE 5 per cent. The highest fruit yield per plot was recorded from Indoxacarb 14.5 SC (161.016 q/ha) followed by Profenofos 50 EC (154.85 q/ha). The per cent yield increase over control was highest with indoxacarb (76.87) treatment followed by Profenofos 50 EC (70.10), Acephate75 SP (66.47) and Spinosad 45 SC (63.36) treatments.
Black point of wheat caused by bipolaris sorokiniana and its management
(Apple Academic Press, 2017) Mohammed Shamshul Q. Ansari; Anju Pandey; V.K. Mishra; A.K. Joshi; R. Chand
Black point of wheat is prevalent in most of the wheat growing regions of the world. It reduces grain quality and germination. Symptoms of black point are easily recognizable by deposition of black fungal mass at the embryo end of the seed. Out of a number of fungal pathogens involved in the black point, B. sorokiniana dominates in the warm humid climate of South Asia. Black point appears due to invasion of seed surface by direct penetration of hyphae to outer layers of the pericarp or through stigma to the pericarp. This disease can be artificially produced by inoculation of spore suspension in the floral cavity between the lemma and palea. A scale has been developed for monitoring the quality of grain and black point severity. Warmer temperature and high relative humidity during grain filling period favors black point. Severity of black point increases many fold when rains occur during grain filling period. Genotypic variation for black point severity has been recorded in wheat germplasm. Foliar spray of sterol inhibiting fungicides was found effective in controlling this disease. © 2018 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
Combined selection for productivity and resilience through modified stress tolerance indices in a HUW-234 X HUW-468 derived wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) RIL mapping population for heat stress
(Indian Society of Plant Breeders, 2021) Parvaze A. Sofi; Sadiah Shafi; Bikram Singh; J.P. Jaiswal; V.K. Mishra; M.R.R. Mir
Stress indices are a set of quantitative estimators that elucidate stress response by yield data from single or multienvironment evaluations. A major disadvantage of using such indices is the reported lack of correspondence in rankings across indices and their failure to delineate overlapping responses in terms of yields under stress. In the present study, HUW-234 x HUW-468 derived wheat RIL mapping population was used to validate the usefulness of such a modified index. The correlation coefficient between the index score and their original index values were negative for SSI (Stress Susceptibility Index) and TOL (Tolerance Index) and positive for MP (Mean Productivity), GMP (Geometric Mean Productivity) and STI (Stress Tolerance Index). Based on index scores, d two new indices namely YPSI (Yield Production Score Index) and YSSI (Yield Stress Score Index) were created by combining score indices. Using these indices, the RILs could be effectively classified into four stress response classes. Most of the genotypes fall in Class II, III and IV. As such, it is highly imperative to identify highly resilient (Class III) and productive genotypes (Class II) for planned crossing. Based on the results of present and earlier studies, it is proposed that the new indices YPSI and YSSI can be effectively used for evaluating large genotype sets in diverse environments for stress response. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
Comparative assessment of food-fodder traits in a wide range of wheat germplasm for diverse biophysical target domains in South Asia
(Elsevier B.V., 2019) M. Blümmel; S.R. Updahyay; N. Gautam; N.C.D. Barma; M. Abdul Hakim; Makhdoom Hussain; Muhammad Yaqub Mujahid; R. Chatrath; V.S. Sohu; G. Mavi; V.K. Mishra; I.K. Kalappanavar; Rudra Naik; Suma Biradar; S.V.S. Prasad; Ravi P. Singh; A.K. Joshi
The paper compares food and straw fodder traits in wheat lines of 6 different CIMMYT wheat trials tested across 32 environments of South Asia (India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan). Experiments were conducted in the main spring wheat season with sowing time of mid-November to mid-December and harvest between March to April. Investigated and compared were grain yield (GY), straw yield (SY), straw nitrogen (N) content, neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin (ADL), and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). Highly significant (P < 0.0001) differences were observed between cultivar types for all traits. The proportional ranges in traits between the cultivar types were high for GY and SY (>60%), considerable (45%) for HI and straw N (40%), moderate for ADL (18%), and minor for NDF, ADF, and IVOMD (<10%). Across cultivar types GY and SY were significantly positive correlated but GY accounted for only 14% of the variation in SY. Positive fodder traits such as N and IVOMD tended to be negatively associated with GY, whereas negative traits such as NDF, ADF and ADL were positively associated with GY, significantly so (P < 0.05) in the cases of ADF and ADL. Except for one case, broad sense h 2 were stronger for GY than for SY. Among straw fodder quality traits, the negative fodder quality traits ADF showed the highest h 2 for all quality traits, with the exception of the two drought trials. Across all cultivar types only ADF was significantly (P < 0.05) positively related to GY. No significant (P > 0.05) relationships were observed between N, ADF and IVOMD and SY. Among cultivars consistent relationships were only observed between N and GY which were significantly (P = 0.03 to 0.009) inversely correlated in five out of the six cultivar types. Within cultivars types ADF varied by at least 2.3% units in HTNM and 1st DRYT and up to 4.9% units in ESWYT. By extrapolation such cultivar-dependent differences will matter at wheat straw trading. © 2019
Correlation and path analysis of selected traits under spot blotch infected condition in CIMMYT germplasm of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
(Enviro Media, 2014) A.K. Pandey; B. Thapa; V.K. Mishra; R.K. Singh; Ramesh Chand
Fifty two CIMMYT germplasm lines of wheat were undertaken to carry out correlation and path analysis for yield and associated traits under the artificial epiphytotic conditions using pure culture of the most aggressive isolate of fungi Bipolaris. sorokiniana causing spot blotch disease at BHU Agricultural Farm, during Rabi season of 2012-13. Yield per plot had significant positive correlation with biomass, 1000-grain weight and plant height while the AUDPC (Area Under Disease Progress Curve) had significant negative correlation with plot yield. The correlation between lesion mimic and AUDPC was found to be highly significant and positive. It was revealed from path coefficient analysis that plant height and 1000-grain weight were among the traits showing maximum direct contribution to plot yield while CT-3 (canopy temperature at 96 DAS) and AUDPC had highest negative effect on plot yield. Thus, positive selection of tall plant and high 1000- grain weight along with lesion mimic free lines in wheat would be effective for improvement in yield potential under spot blotch. Copyright © EM International.
Earliness in wheat: A key to adaptation under terminal and continual high temperature stress in South Asia
(2013) S. Mondal; R.P. Singh; J. Crossa; J. Huerta-Espino; I. Sharma; R. Chatrath; G.P. Singh; V.S. Sohu; G.S. Mavi; V.S.P. Sukaru; I.K. Kalappanavarg; V.K. Mishra; M. Hussain; N.R. Gautam; J. Uddin; N.C.D. Barma; A. Hakim; A.K. Joshi
High temperatures are a primary concern for wheat production in South Asia. A trial was conducted to evaluate the grain yield performance of high yielding, early maturing heat tolerant CIMMYT wheat lines, developed recently in Mexico for adaptation to high temperature stresses in South Asia. The trial, comprised of 28 entries and two checks, was grown in 13 locations across South Asia and two environments in Mexico. Each location was classified by mega environment (ME); ME1 being the temperate irrigated locations with terminal high temperature stress, and ME5 as warm, tropical, irrigated locations. Grain yield (GY), thousand kernel weight (TKW), days to heading (DH) and plant height (PH) were recorded at each location. Canopy temperature (CT) was also measured at some locations. Significant differences were observed between ME for DH, PH, GY, and TKW. The cooler ME1 locations had a mean DH of 83 days, compared to 68 days mean DH in ME5. The ME1 locations had higher mean GY of 5.26 t/ha and TKW of 41.8. g compared to 3.63 t/ha and 37.4. g, respectively, for ME5. Early heading entries (<79 days, mean DH) performed better across all locations, with GY of 2-11% above the local checks and 40-44. g TKW. Across all locations the top five highest yielding entries had 5-11% higher GY than the local checks. The early maturing CIMMYT check 'Baj' also performed well across all locations. In the Mexico location, CT was associated with GY, thereby suggesting that cooler canopies may contribute to higher GY under normal as well as high temperature stress conditions. Our results suggest that the early maturing, high yielding, and heat tolerant wheat lines developed in Mexico can adapt to the diverse heat stressed areas of South Asia. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
Eeficiency of two spore counting methods and validation of SSR markers associated with spot blotch resistance
(EM International, 2015) G.S. Jasudasu; Ramesh Chand; A.K. Singh; V.K. Mishra; A.K. Joshi
An experiment was conducted to determine the efficiency of two spores counting methods from wheat seeds. Seeds 40 genotypes collected from the Wheat Association mapping population from the Varanasi for the recovery of Bipolaris sorokiniana spores. The correlation(r) between these two methods was (0.8). Results indicated that Nematode Plate count Method (NPM) was superior to the Washing Test method (WT). The mean recovery of spore in the nematode count plate was significantly higher than the washing test method. In Nematode Plate Method, the spore count distributed with a mean of 126.47/50 seed while in the Washing Test, the spore count mean was 64.15. Recovery of different of black and mixed population was recorded from the seed. White population could not be detected from samples. In the present study, validation and utility of two SSR markers associated with spot blotch resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was undertaken. Two primers were used for assessment of genetic variability among 40 wheat genotypes. The phenotypic data in the form of spore load of individual genotypes was compared with the genotypic data. The selected SSR primers showed a high level of polymorphism. Xgwml48 produced 170 bp band in resistant cultivar, while Xgwm111 amplified 150 bp band in resistant cultivar. SSR marker Xgwml48 linked with QTL, QSb.bhu-2B and Xgwm111 is linked with QSb.bhu-7D. © Global Science Publications.
Effect of abiotic factors on population of mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) under mustard agro-ecosystem
(Malhotra Publishing House, 2019) Babli Bagri; N.N. Singh; V.K. Mishra; G.T. Shruthi
The occurrence of aphid populations started during the 2 nd week of January and attained its peaked during the 2nd week of February, 2018 with 117.96 aphid / 10 cm central shoots. The temperature (maximum, minimum) on the observation day was 24.1 and 10.65°C, 83.25% and 48.25% was maximum and minimum relative humidity respectively. Thereafter, the population decline more or less gradually being minimum 1st week of March 2018 recording 0.06 aphid /10 cm central shoots. The correlation between aphid population and temperature (maximum, minimum) showed a negative correlation with 'r' value of -0.4288 and -0.2741, respectively. Whereas a positive correlation with morning relative humidity, a negative correlation with evening relative humidity. The correlation between aphid population and temperature, relative humidity was found statistically non-significant. © 2019 Malhotra Publishing House.
Effect of PbO–B2O3–BaO–SiO2 glass additive on dielectric properties of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 ceramics for radio-frequency applications
(Elsevier Ltd, 2019) P. Tripathi; P. Kumari; V.K. Mishra; R. Singh; S.P. Singh; D. Kumar
In this work, the effects of PbO–B2O3–BaO–SiO2 (PBBS) glass addition (in increasing wt%) into Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST0) ceramic on sintering, phase, and dielectric properties of BST0 are studied. The Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST0) ceramic was synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction method, and the PbO–B2O3–BaO–SiO2(PBBS) glass was formed by melting and quenching process. The PBBS glass with different weight percentages (3, 5, 8 and 10 wt%)is added to BST0 ceramic (BST3, BST5, BST8, and BST10, respectively) as a sintering aid to reduce the sintering temperature. Addition of glass helps in better sintering at lower temperatures with the presence of liquid phase at the respective sintering temperatures. The results of liquid phase-sintered ceramics are compared with the BST0 ceramic sintered at 1523 K. The BST10 with 10 wt% glass showed the lowest sintering temperature of 1148 K. Rietveld refinement analysis of BST0 ceramic confirmed the formation of single phase with cubic crystal structure. X-ray diffraction patterns of all liquid phase-sintered ceramics showed that the glass has minimal reaction with the BST0 ceramic and does not affect the crystal structure. Dielectric characterization was performed within the temperature range 20–450 K and frequency range 1 kHz to 1 MHz. It is revealed that the transition temperature shifted with different weight percentage of glass addition. All the compositions exhibit the paraelectric phase at room temperature. Dielectric properties were also measured in the microwave frequency range 8.5–11 GHz at room temperature. BST10 shows the stable and highest dielectric constant (average value of εr = 27) with lowest dielectric loss (tanδ = ∼0.121). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of desired compositions by detecting molecular vibrations and chemical bonding. The synthesized ceramic is a low-cost candidate and can have potential uses in the radio-frequency applications. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
Enhanced resistance in wheat against stem rust achieved by marker assisted backcrossing involving three independent Sr genes
(Elsevier, 2015) Punam S. Yadav; V.K. Mishra; B. Arun; R. Chand; M.K. Vishwakarma; N.K. Vasistha; A.N. Mishra; I.K. Kalappanavar; Arun K. Joshi
Marker assisted backcrossing (MABC) was used to transfer the three stem rust (Puccinia graminis tritici) resistant genes Sr25, SrWeb and Sr50 into the popular Indian wheat cv. HUW234. The donor was the CIMMYT breeding line PMBWIR4, and each of the target genes was marked by a simple PCR assay. A three step screening strategy was adopted: the first screen comprised foreground selection, the second used markers lying close to the introgression borders to reduce the extent of linkage drag, and the last was background selection based on 149 informative microsatellite assays. Based on the background selection outcomes, at the BC1F1 generation the proportion of the genome fixed for cv. HUW234 alleles ranged from 55% to 67%. Three BC1F1 individuals were crossed a second time with cv. HUW234, resulting in the identification of six BC2F3 families carrying all three target Sr genes; the proportion of their genome inherited from cv. HUW234 ranged from 86% to 92%. BC2F4 and BC2F5 material was planted at three different locations under both disease-free and artificially induced epiphytotic conditions. Compared to recurrent parent, the improved versions of cv. HUW234 displayed significantly superior resistance to stem rust, and their agronomic performance was as good as, or even marginally better than that of the source cultivar. © 2015.
Evaluation of Anticipated Performance Index of some tree species for green belt development to mitigate traffic generated noise
(2011) Vinita Pathak; B.D. Tripathi; V.K. Mishra
Green belts are effective tools for mitigation of traffic generated noise. For green belt development it is necessary that plants used for green belts must be tolerant to air pollution. In this study, the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) of plants commonly used for green belt establishment in Varanasi city, Uttar Pradesh, India was evaluated with the help of analysis of some biochemical parameters. On the basis of APTI and some biological and socioeconomic parameters of plants, the Anticipated Performance Index (API) of these plants was calculated. Among all the plants taken under consideration Ficus infectoria L. ranks first and is a keystone species. Mangifera indica L. and Ficus religiosa L. were classified into the 'excellent' category. The most suitable plant species for green belt development in urban areas were identified and recommended. © 2010 Elsevier GmbH.
EVALUATION OF STRESS TOLERANCE INDICES IN HUW-234 X HUW-468 DERIVED WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) RIL MAPPING POPULATION FOR IDENTIFICATION OF HEAT TOLERANT GENOTYPES
(ACS Publisher, 2020) Sadiah Shafi; Parvaze A. Sofi; Bikram Singh; J.P. Jaiswal; V.K. Mishra; R.R. Mir
A ‘HUW-234 x HUW-468’ RIL population of wheat was evaluated along with 2 parental checks under normal (NS) and heat stress (HS) environments. Five stress tolerance indices namely SSI, TOL, MP, GMP and STI were used to discriminate the genotypic response in terms of susceptibility and tolerance to heat stress using comparative yield data under stress and non-stress conditions. Among various indices used, the mean value and the minimum and maximum values recorded were 0.972 (0.270 and 1.386) for SSI, 2.469 (0.428 and 5.362) for TOL, 2.781 (1.635 and 4.124) for MP, 2.465 (1.449 and 3.667) for GMP and 0.401 (0.145 and 0.838) for STI, respectively. Yield (YHS) was found positively correlated with GMP (r = 0.752), followed by STI (r = 0.699) and MP (0.416) but negatively correlated with SSI (r =-0.699) and TOL (r =-0.361). Yield (YNS) was found positively correlated with MP (r = 0.923), followed by TOL (r = 0.919), GMP (r = 0.676) and SSI (r = 0.653). Based on this study it is recommended that the genotypes having higher value of GMP and STI should be selected while as the genotypes with higher SSI, TOL and STI should be rejected. © 2020, ACS Publisher. All rights reserved.
Exploring the possibility of obtaining terminal heat tolerance in a doubled haploid population of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the eastern Gangetic plains of India
(2012) Chhavi Tiwari; Hugh Wallwork; Ram Dhari; B. Arun; V.K. Mishra; Arun K. Joshi
High temperature during grain filling stage causes significant yield losses to wheat in south Asia and many other parts of the world. One hundred and forty doubled haploid (DH) wheat lines (including parents), derived from the cross Berkut (heat susceptible) × Krichauff (heat tolerant), were grown in six environments comprising two dates of sowing in three consecutive years (2007-2008, 2008-2009, and 2009-2010) at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. The objective was to assess DH lines for heat tolerance and to identify superior lines under hot humid environments of the eastern Gangetic plains (EGP) of India. Considerable variation was observed for grain yield (GY), thousand grain weight (TGW), grain fill duration (GFD), and canopy temperature (CT). Likewise, considerable variation was also observed for heat susceptibility index (HSI) of GY, TGW, and GFD. The DH lines were grouped into four categories based on the HSI and around 5-10% lines were categorized as heat tolerant. A few lines yielded significantly more than the better parent and possessed good expression of other traits. The most promising 20 lines have been listed as sources of heat tolerance, with 3 lines better yielding than the superior parent Krichauff. The results demonstrated that it is possible to obtain lines that perform better for yield and yield related traits in heat stressed environments of the EGP of India. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Genetic diversity and aggressiveness of different groups of Bipolaris sorokiniana isolates causing spot blotch disease in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
(2012) R. Prasad; L.C. Prasad; S.K. Jaiswal; V.K. Mishra; R. Chand; A.K. Joshi
Two hundred twenty five isolates of B. sorokiniana of barley were studied for their morpho-pathological characterization and were grouped in to four categories (1) dull white to slight black, gel type cottony growth (DW), (2) white fluffy growth (WE), (3) suppressed white growth (SW) and (4) black fluffy growth (BF).The frequency of BE isolate was highest (39.6 %) whereas SW isolates displayed lowest frequency (7.1 %). The group IV (BE) isolate was most aggressive. Sixty four purified isolates, sixteen from each of the four groups, were taken for RAPD analysis. Twenty RAPD primers were tested to detect the variability among these four identified groups. A total of 204 bands were amplified with 100% polymorphism using 20 primers. Dendrogram based on molecular polymorphism displayed considerable diversity within and between groups of 64 isolates which displayed four morpho-pathological groups into seven clusters. Specific DNA bands were identified for the selected isolates. The distinct markers may potentially be employed as genetic fingerprints for specific strain identification and classification in future.
Genetic evaluation of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) germplasm for resistance components of spot blotch disease
(Indian Society of Plant Breeders, 2014) Tejveer Singh; V.K. Mishra; L.C. Prasad; Ankit; R. Chand
Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is an important fungal disease of Barley in warm humid areas of the world. In present study, 124 genotypes that includes 122 un-adapted germplasm accessions and 2 cultivars of barley were evaluated for three years, to select resistant and susceptible accessions based on five components of spot blotch resistance viz., disease severity, latent period, spore load, number of spots and incubation period. Significant differences were observed among the evaluated accessions for all of the components of resistance. A significant positive correlation was recorded between disease severity, number of spots, and spore load while a significant negative correlation of disease severity was recorded with latent period and incubation period. Multiple regression analysis revealed that number of spots contributed maximum followed by latent period, spore load and incubation period towards the variation in disease severity. Clustering of accessions based on different components identified three groups. Based on the studied components, accessions BCU422, BCU1204 and BCU5092 demonstrated good performance, while BCU711, K603 and RD2506 were the most susceptible to spot blotch pathogen. Identified accessions BCU422, BCU1204 and BCU5092 can be recommended for use in breeding programs that aim to generate barley genotypes resistant to Bipolaris sorokiniana. © 2014, Indian Society of Plant Breeders.
Genetic evaluation of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum l.) recombinant inbred lines for spot blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana) resistance and yield components under natural conditions for South Asia
(Tarbiat Modares University, 2014) N. Meena; V.K. Mishra; D.K. Baranwal; A.K. Singh; V.P. Rai; R. Prasad; B. Arun; R. Chand
The objectives of the present study were to evaluate spring wheat recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of diverse origin by estimating genetic parameters viz., variability, character association, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) for spot blotch resistance and yield components at BHU Agricultural Research Farm during 2010-2011. Grain yield per plot was significantly and positively associated with biomass, 1,000-grain weight, harvest index, chlorophyll content, and grains per spike at genotypic level. The line 65 exhibited lowest mean of AUDPC value (632) indicating its potential as resistant parent. Cluster analysis grouped all the 324 spring wheat lines into 19 clusters using Ward’s method. Extreme divergence was observed among clusters. By using D2-statistics, the highest inter cluster distance (584.72) was found between Clusters VIII and XIX. Cluster VIII recorded highest mean values for chlorophyll content, peduncle length, biomass, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. The major contributing trait towards genetic divergence was found to be AUDPC (60.36%). First 5 principal components (PC1, PC2, PC3, PC4 and PC5) accounted for proportionate values of 20.66, 17.96, 15.07, 8.28, and 7.38%, respectively, contributing 69.35% of the total variability. The second PCs had high positive PC value for plant height, biomass, and 1,000-grain weight. The breeding objectives of the present experiment was to identify genetically diverse wheat spot blotch resistant RILs for developing high yielding spot blotch resistant cultivars especially adopted to south Asia in future breeding programs. ©, Tarbiat Modares University. All rights reserved.