Browsing by Author "V.K. Sharma"

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Brassinosteroid Mediated Modulation in the Gene Expression Analysis of Genes Associated with Arsenic Uptake and Transport in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Effective Mitigation of Arsenic
(Springer, 2024) Bhawna Chaudhary; Bishun Deo Prasad; Sangita Sahni; Diksha Kumari; V.K. Sharma; Padmanabh Dwivedi
The accumulation of arsenic in rice is several fold-higher compared to other cereal crops, posing a serious concern for the millions of people who rely on rice as their staple diet. Arsenic uptake and transportation in rice plants utilizes either silica (Si) or phosphate transporter. Recent studies have shown that the application of Brassinosteroids (BRs) could impede arsenic accumulation in hydrophonically grown rice plants. However, the effect of BRs has not been studied on expression of genes associated with arsenic accumulation and transportation in rice plants grown in naturally arsenic contaminated soil. Considering the growing importance of the role BRs in stress responses and protective role against toxicity of heavy metals in plants, we undertook a study to analyse genes associated with arsenic accumulation and transportation [OsHACs (OsHAC1;1 and OsHAC1;2), OsPht1, Lsi1, Lsi2, OsGrxs (OsGrx_C7 and OsGrx_C2.1), OsCLT1, OsNRAMP1, and OsABCC1] in 24-epibrassinolide (EBR), a BR, treated rice cv. Rajendra Kasturi grown in naturally arsenic contaminated soil. Interestingly, BRs mediated modulation of genes helps in lower accumulation of arsenic in flag leaves and seeds of rice plants. The higher enrichment of BES1, a major transcription factor (TF) in BR signaling pathway, was also observed in the promoter region of OsHAC1.1, Lsi1, Lsi2, and OsNRAMP1. In present investigation, we have clearly established that BRs treatment reduced (up to 50%) the uptake of arsenic, grown under naturally arsenic contaminated soil. Overall, a net positive impact on arsenic absorption in rice plant was achieved by BR treatment, emphasizing modulation of this trait by BR at a higher level in the hierarchical response system in plants. Gene expression analysis and reduced absorption of arsenic in rice seeds and straw in EBR-treated rice plants compared to mock treated provides a strong base for developing BR-based arsenic mitigation strategies in rice. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023.
Crop Productivity, Grain Quality, Water Use Efficiency, and Soil Enzyme Activity as Influenced by Silicon and Phosphorus Application in Aerobic Rice (Oryza sativa)
(Bellwether Publishing, Ltd., 2020) Dinesh Jinger; Shiva Dhar; Anchal Dass; V.K. Sharma; Livleen Shukla; Manoj Parihar; Kiran Rana; Gaurendra Gupta; H.S. Jatav
The experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of silicon (Si) and phosphorus (P) application on crop productivity, grain quality, water-use efficiency (WUE), and soil enzyme activity in aerobic rice (AR) at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. Four levels each of Si (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg Si ha–1) and P (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg P2O5 ha–1) were tested in a factorial randomized block design (FRBD) replicated thrice. The growth, yield and quality of AR were enhanced with increasing Si and P application rates and a similar trend was observed for WUE and soil enzyme activity. The highest grain yield of AR was recorded with 120 kg Si and 90 kg P2O5 ha–1 followed by 80 kg Si and 60 kg P2O5 ha–1 and the lowest in control. The grain, straw yield and water productivity increased by 10–40%, 5–30%, and 10.2–39%, respectively in different treatments over control. Though, all studied parameters showed increment with increasing dose of Si and P; however 60 kg P2O5 and 80 kg Si ha–1 were statistically superior to their other respective doses. In conclusion, supplementation of Si and P fertilizers substantially increased the AR productivity in Trans-Gangetic plains of India (Figure 1). © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Double zero tillage and foliar phosphorus fertilization coupled with microbial inoculants enhance maize productivity and quality in a maize–wheat rotation
(Nature Research, 2022) M.N. Harish; Anil K. Choudhary; Sandeep Kumar; Anchal Dass; V.K. Singh; V.K. Sharma; T. Varatharajan; M.K. Dhillon; Seema Sangwan; V.K. Dua; S.D. Nitesh; M. Bhavya; S. Sangwan; Shiv Prasad; Adarsh Kumar; S.K. Rajpoot; Gaurendra Gupta; Prakash Verma; Anil Kumar; S. George
Maize is an important industrial crop where yield and quality enhancement both assume greater importance. Clean production technologies like conservation agriculture and integrated nutrient management hold the key to enhance productivity and quality besides improving soil health and environment. Hence, maize productivity and quality were assessed under a maize–wheat cropping system (MWCS) using four crop-establishment and tillage management practices [FBCT–FBCT (Flat bed–conventional tillage both in maize and wheat); RBCT–RBZT (Raised bed–CT in maize and raised bed–zero tillage in wheat); FBZT–FBZT (FBZT both in maize and wheat); PRBZT–PRBZT (Permanent raised bed–ZT both in maize and wheat], and five P-fertilization practices [P100 (100% soil applied-P); P50 + 2FSP (50% soil applied-P + 2 foliar-sprays of P through 2% DAP both in maize and wheat); P50 + PSB + AM-fungi; P50 + PSB + AMF + 2FSP; and P0(100% NK with no-P)] in split-plot design replicated-thrice. Double zero-tilled PRBZT–PRBZT system significantly enhanced the maize grain, starch, protein and oil yield by 13.1–19% over conventional FBCT–FBCT. P50 + PSB + AMF + 2FSP, integrating soil applied-P, microbial-inoculants and foliar-P, had significantly higher grain, starch, protein and oil yield by 12.5–17.2% over P100 besides saving 34.7% fertilizer-P both in maize and on cropping-system basis. P50 + PSB + AMF + 2FSP again had significantly higher starch, lysine and tryptophan content by 4.6–10.4% over P100 due to sustained and synchronized P-bioavailability. Higher amylose content (24.1%) was observed in grains under P50 + PSB + AMF + 2FSP, a beneficial trait due to its lower glycemic-index highly required for diabetic patients, where current COVID-19 pandemic further necessitated the use of such dietary ingredients. Double zero-tilled PRBZT–PRBZT reported greater MUFA (oleic acid, 37.1%), MUFA: PUFA ratio and P/S index with 6.9% higher P/S index in corn-oil (an oil quality parameter highly required for heart-health) over RBCT-RBCT. MUFA, MUFA: PUFA ratio and P/S index were also higher under P50 + PSB + AMF + 2FSP; avowing the obvious role of foliar-P and microbial-inoculants in influencing maize fatty acid composition. Overall, double zero-tilled PRBZT–PRBZT with crop residue retention at 6 t/ha per year along with P50 + PSB + AMF + 2FSP while saving 34.7% fertilizer-P in MWCS, may prove beneficial in enhancing maize productivity and quality so as to reinforce the food and nutritional security besides boosting food, corn-oil and starch industry in south-Asia and collateral arid agro-ecologies across the globe. © 2022, The Author(s).
Impact of long term integrated nutrient management (INM) practice on aluminium dynamics and nutritional quality of rice under acidic Inceptisol
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Abhik Patra; V.K. Sharma; D.J. Nath; T.J. Purakayastha; Mandira Barman; Sarvendra Kumar; Kapil A. Chobhe; Asik Dutta; Ajin S Anil
Applications of enriched compost (ECM) with reduced doses of inorganic fertilizers over ten consecutive years reduced phytotoxic aluminium (Al) fractions, whereas, improved nutritional quality of rice in acid soil. The long-term field trial with integrated nutrient management (INM) practices was initiated in kharif–2006 at Instructional-cum-Research (ICR) farm under rice mono-cropping system. Treatments consisted of T1; absolute control, T2; 100% recommended doses of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), T3; 50% recommended doses of NP + 100% K + biofertilizer, T4; 50% recommended doses of NP + 100% K + ECM at 1 tonne ha−1 and T5; 25% recommended doses of NP + 100% K + ECM at 2 tonne ha−1. Exchangeable Al (~31%) and strongly organically bound and interlayer Al (~26%) fractions decreased with an increasing dose of ECM application at all soil depths. However, weakly organically bound Al (~25%), amorphous Al (~7.3%), and free Al (~13%) significantly increased over 100% NPK. Long-term use of ECM had a significant positive impact on micronutrient content in post-harvest soil. Micronutrient accumulation (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and Ni) in rice increased with continuous application of manuring and fertilization, while the accumulation of Al decreased significantly. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Induction of cryptic metabolite production through epigenetic tailoring in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from Syzygium cumini
(Springer International Publishing, 2017) V.K. Sharma; J. Kumar; D.K. Singh; A. Mishra; S.K. Gond; S.K. Verma; A. Kumar; G. Singh; R.N. Kharwar
Recent advancement in the fungal molecular genetics has established that fungi have numerous genes or gene clusters that remain silent or unexpressed under the normal conditions. These genes can be activated through epigenetic modifiers to produce a wide range of potential bioactive metabolites of agricultural and pharmaceutical values. In this study one DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (5-azacytidine) and one histone deacetylase inhibitor (sodium butyrate) were used for the epigenetic treatment to the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from the surface-sterilized leaves of S. cumini. The crude compounds isolated from the epigenetically treated C. Gloeosporioides were observed to exhibit increased antibacterial activity against human bacterial pathogens (Aeromonas hydrophila, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella boydii, and Staphylococcus aureus). In terms of antibacterial efficacy, the secondary metabolites extracted from the culture treated with 5-azacytidine were found to be the most effective against all the tested bacterial pathogens followed by cultures treated with sodium butyrate and the combined treatment of both 5-azacytidine and sodium butyrate compared to control except against the S. Typhi. The HPLC profiling showed that fungal crude metabolite compounds from different treatments of epigenetic modulators activated the production of additional metabolites compared to the untreated control. Further, the total amount of secondary metabolites extracted with ethyl acetate from treated cultures showed severalfold increase. This indicates toward the change in the expression of some cryptic genes or gene cluster through epigenetic modification by 5-azacytidine and/or sodium butyrate treatment(s). © 2017, Springer International Publishing AG. All rights reserved.
Inference of Transmuted Rayleigh wind speed model
(ISOSS Publications, 2015) V.K. Sharma; U. Singh; S.K. Singh; F. Merovci
In this article, Transmuted Rayleigh distribution with its properties is discussed. We constructed different estimators for estimating the unknown parameters of the Transmuted Rayleigh distribution in both classical and Bayesian paradigms. Under classical set-up, the method of maximum likelihood, maximum product spacings, least squares and weighted least squares are considered for estimation of the parameters. Under Bayesian paradigm, non-informative priors for the Transmuted Rayleigh parameters are used to obtain the Bayes estimators of the parameters under squared error loss function. The highest credible intervals based on MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) sample and the asymptotic confidence intervals based on observed Fisher’s information matrix are also computed. The appropriateness of the Transmuted Rayleigh distribution is checked for the data set of wind speed over Rayleigh distribution. © ISOSS Publications 2015.
Influence of pH and concentration of phosphate ions on growth and nitrogen fixation in a blue-green alga Cylindrospermum majus
(Birkhäuser-Verlag, 1975) V.K. Sharma; H.D. Kumar
[No abstract available]
Locomotor activity rhythm in the field mouse Mus booduga phase-shifts to melatonin injections in a dose-dependent manner
(1999) V.K. Sharma; M. Singaravel; R. Subbaraj; M.K. Chandrashekaran
Melatonin is known to shift the phase of the locomotor activity rhythm in the field mouse Mus booduga in accordance with a type-I phase response curve (PRC), with phase delays during the subjective day and phase advances during late subjective night and the early subjective day. At CT4 (circadian time 4; i.e. 16 hr. after activity onset) and CT22 of the circadian cycle, a single dose of melatonin (1 mg/kg) is known to evoke maximum delay and maximum advance phase-shifts, respectively. We investigated the dose- dependent responses of the circadian pacemaker of these mice to a single dose of melatonin at the times for maximum delay and maximum advance. The circadian pacemaker responsible for the locomotor activity rhythm in these mice responded to various doses of melatonin in a dose-dependent manner with the magnitude of phase shifts increasing with dose.
Long-term effect of integrated nutrient management on yield and nutrients uptake by rice (Oryza sativa) in acid soil
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2018) Abhik Patra; V.K. Sharma; T.J. Purakayastha; Mandira Barman; Sarvendra Kumar; D. Chakraborty; Kapil A. Chobhe; D.J. Nath
Long-term field experiment on rice commenced in kharif 2006 at Instructional-cum-Research farm of the Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat with integrated nutrient management practices for assessing its impact on yield and nutrient uptake by rice in acid soil. The treatments consisted of T1, absolute control; T2,100% recommended doses (RD) of inorganic NPK; T3, 50% RD of inorganic NP + 100% K + biofertilizers; T4, 50% RD of inorganic NP + 100% K + enriched compost @ 1 tonne/ha; and T5, 25% RD of inorganic NP + 100% K + enriched compost @ 2 tonnes/ha. Results revealed that after 10 years of experiment, grain yield of rice (4.43 t/ha) increased significantly with 100% NPK by 10.8 and 78.6 % over 50% NP+100% K+ bio-fertilizers and control, respectively and it was at par with 25% NP + 100% K+ enriched compost @ 2 t/ha (4.38 t/ha). Whereas, the maximum straw yield (5.18 t/ha) was recorded with 25% NP + 100% K+ enriched compost @ 2 t/ha which was higher significantly over 50% NP and 100% K+ bio-fertilizers (4.63 t/ha) and control (3.08 t/ha), respectively and total nutrient uptake, i.e. N, P, K, Zn, Cu and Ni by rice was significantly higher in 25% RD of inorganic NP + 100% K + enriched compost @ 2 tonnes/ha treatment as compared to recommended dose of fertilizer (100% NPK) in acid soil but total aluminium uptake by rice significantly decreased with the application of reduced doses of NP along with higher dose of enriched compost (2 t/ha). Therefore, aluminium toxicity level in rice plant under acidic condition could be reduced through enriched compost application. © 2018 Indian Council of Agricultural Research. All rights reserved.
Microbes-mediated integrated nutrient management for improved rhizo-modulation, pigeonpea productivity, and soil bio-fertility in a semi-arid agro-ecology
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Gaurendra Gupta; Shiva Dhar; Adarsh Kumar; Anil K. Choudhary; Anchal Dass; V.K. Sharma; Livleen Shukla; P.K. Upadhyay; Anup Das; Dinesh Jinger; Sudhir Kumar Rajpoot; Manjanagouda S. Sannagoudar; Amit Kumar; Ingudam Bhupenchandra; Vishal Tyagi; Ekta Joshi; Kamlesh Kumar; Padmanabh Dwivedi; Mahendra Vikram Singh Rajawat
Excessive dependence on chemical fertilizers and ignorance to organic and microbial inputs under intensive cropping systems are the basic components of contemporary agriculture, which evolves several sustainability issues, such as degraded soil health and sub-optimal crop productivity. This scenario urges for integrated nutrient management approaches, such as microbes-mediated integrated plant nutrition for curtailing the high doses as chemical fertilizers. Rationally, experiment has been conducted in pigeonpea at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, with the aim of identifying the appropriate nutrient management technique involving microbial and organic nutrient sources for improved rhizo-modulation, crop productivity, and soil bio-fertility. The randomized block-designed experiment consisted nine treatments viz. Control, Recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), RDF+ Microbial inoculants (MI), Vermicompost (VC), Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Leaf Compost (LC), VC + MI, FYM + MI, and LC + MI. Rhizobium spp., Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., and Frateuria aurantia were used as seed-inoculating microbes. The results indicated the significant response of integration following the trend VC + MI > FYM + MI > LC + MI > RDF + MI for various plant shoot-root growth attributes and soil microbial and enzymatic properties. FYM + MI significantly improved the water-stable aggregates (22%), mean weight diameter (1.13 mm), and geometric mean diameter (0.93 mm), soil organic carbon (SOC), SOC stock, and SOC sequestration. The chemical properties viz. available N, P, and K were significantly improved with VC + MI. The study summarizes that FYM + MI could result in better soil physico-chemical and biological properties and shoot-root development; however; VC + MI could improve available nutrients in the soil and may enhance the growth of pigeonpea more effectively. The outcomes of the study are postulated as a viable and alternative solution for excessive chemical fertilizer-based nutrient management and would also promote the microbial consortia and organic manures-based agro-industries. This would add to the goal of sustainable agricultural development by producing quality crop produce, maintaining agro-biodiversity and making the soils fertile and healthy that would be a “gift to the society.” Copyright © 2022 Gupta, Dhar, Kumar, Choudhary, Dass, Sharma, Shukla, Upadhyay, Das, Jinger, Rajpoot, Sannagoudar, Kumar, Bhupenchandra, Tyagi, Joshi, Kumar, Dwivedi and Rajawat.
On the estimation of functions belonging to lipschitz class by block pulse functions and hybrid legendre polynomials
(Precarpathian National University, 2020) S. Lal; V.K. Sharma
In this paper, block pulse functions and hybrid Legendre polynomials are introduced. The estimators of a function f having first and second derivative belonging to Lipα [a, b] class, 0 < α ≤ 1, and a, b are finite real numbers, by block pulse functions and hybrid Legendre polynomials have been calculated. These calculated estimators are new, sharp and best possible in wavelet analysis. An example has been given to explain the validity of approximation of functions by using the hybrid Legendre polynomials approximation method. A real-world problem of radioactive decay is solved using this hybrid Legendre polynomials approximation method. Moreover, the Hermite differential equation of order zero is solved by using hybrid Legendre polynomials approximation method to explain the importance and the application of the technique of this method. © Lal S., Sharma V.K., 2020.
Phosphorus Forms under Crop Residue Retention and Phosphorus Fertilization in Maize–Wheat Rotation
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Chiranjeev Kumawat; V.K. Sharma; Mandira Barman; M.C. Meena; B.S. Dwivedi; Sarvendra Kumar; D. Chakraborty; Ajin S. Anil; Abhik Patra
A field experiment was initiated in 2013 with maize–wheat cropping system to study the effect of crop residue (CR) and phosphorus (P) management on different P fractions in soil. Residue retention treatments, viz., no-CR, 25% CR, 50% CR, and 75% CR in main plots and P fertilizer rates, i.e., no-P, 50% recommended dose of P (RDP), 100% RDP, 150% RDP, and 50% RDP + P solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) in sub-plots were laid out in split-plot design with three replications. The results of this study reveal that the surface retention of CR along with P fertilization has the potential to improve soil P fertility by increasing Olsen-P and organic P fraction. As compared to control, the aluminum bound P, iron bound P, calcium bound P, and reductant soluble P fractions in surface soil decreased from 30.3 to 27.3 mg kg−1, 44.7 to 31.3 mg kg−1, 265 to 227 mg kg−1, and 121 to 110 mg kg−1, respectively, with CR retention, while soluble and loosely bound P was increased from 6.11 to 7.64 mg kg−1 with CR retention. The beneficial effect of P fertilizer application on soil P fertility was further enhanced with the supplementation with PSB and AM. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Polymeric Cd(II), trinuclear and mononuclear Ni(II) complexes of 5-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione: Synthesis, structural characterization, thermal behaviour, fluorescence properties and antibacterial activity
(Elsevier B.V., 2017) M.K. Bharty; S. Paswan; R.K. Dani; N.K. Singh; V.K. Sharma; R.N. Kharwar; R.J. Butcher
Syntheses of a polymeric Cd(II) complex, [Cd(mptt)2]n (1), a trinuclear Ni(II) complex, [Ni3(μ-mptt)4(μ-H2O)2(H2O)2(ttfa)2]·3H2O (2) and a mononuclear Ni(II) complex [Ni(mptt)2(en)2] (3) have been performed using the ligand 5-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione (Hmptt) and nickel(II)/cadmium(II) salts {ttfa = thenoyltrifluroacetonate). The ligand and the complexes have been characterized by various physicochemical methods in addition to their single crystal X-ray structure. The Cd centre in complex 1 adopts a distorted tetrahedral geometry with one sulfur atom and two mptt ligands provide three nitrogen atoms from three triazole units. The sulfur atom of the ligand binds covalently and overall the ligand acts as uninigative N,S/N,N bidentate moiety. The polymeric structure of complex 1 results from the N atoms of the neighboring triazole units coordinating with the Cd(II) centre. The three Ni(II) centres in the trinuclear Ni(II) complex 2 form a linear arrangement and all have six coordinated arrangements. The middle Ni(II) binds with four deprotonated triazole ring nitrogens and two water molecules form two bridges. The terminal Ni(II) centres bind through two thenoyl oxygens, two triazole nitrogens and water molecules that formed bridges with the middle Ni centre. In complex 3, the nickel(II) centre is covalently bonded through two deprotonated triazole ring nitrogens from two ligand moieties and other four sites are occupied by four nitrogens from two bidentate en ligands. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) of the complexes indicated for NiO as the final residue. The bioefficacy of the ligand and complexes 2 and 3 have been examined against the growth of bacteria to evaluate their anti-microbial potential. Complex 2 showed high antibacterial activity as compared to the ligand and complex 3. Complexes 1, 2 and 3 are fluorescent materials with maximum emissions at 425, 421 and 396 nm at an excitation wavelength of 323, 348 and 322 nm, respectively. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
Role of different variables on site-specific isolation and distribution patterns of soil mycoflora from Varanasi
(2013) Anuj Kumar; S.K. Gond; A. Mishra; V.K. Sharma; S.K. Verma; R.N. Kharwar
During present study, 513 isolates were recovered from 15 different experimental sites. For fungal recovery, PDA medium proved better over Czapek's dox agar medium (CDA), while Waksman dilution method showed higher isolates recovery than Warcup's soil plate method. Thirty filamentous fungi were recovered of which Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Fusarium were dominant. Aspergillus niger and A. fumigatus showed a high frequency of occurrence and were isolated @ 80 ×103 CFU/g and 47× 103 CFU/g, respectively from dry, moist and humid soil samples, while Penicillium notatum (37×103 CFU/g), Nigrospora oryzae (30 ×103 CFU/g), Rhizopus nigricans (32×103 CFU/g), Trichoderma viride (24×103 CFU/g) were isolated with moderate frequency. Fifty three isolates were recovered from site 10 (Agriculture field, BHU) which was highest whereas, 12 isolates were recovered from site 1 (Cantt Railways Station). Consequently, the site 10 had the maximum CFU value (53×103 CFU/g) whereas site 1 had the lowest (12 ×103 CFU/g). A higher percentage of soil fungi isolated have preferred the acidic pH range. Mean of fungal isolates was higher in moist (37.60), followed by humid (34.50) and dry (30.20) conditions. Bray-Curtis cluster analysis was done to understand that several variables are responsible for the diversity and occurrence of soil fungi.
Selectivities of bismuth vanadate catalysts for toluene oxidation
(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1977) P.K. Sinhamahapatra; V.K. Sharma; S. Sinhamahapatra; S.K. Bhattacharyya
Oxidation of toluene vapors over fused bismuth vanadate catalysts of various compositions in fixed bed has been studied. The optimum conversion of toluene to benzaldehyde is related to the Bi2O3 content of the catalyst. The composition Bi2O3-V2O5(25:75) and Bi2O3-V2O5 (40:60) are highly active and selective for the oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde. © 1977 Akadémiai Kiadó.
Soil biochemical properties and nutritional quality of rice cultivated in acidic inceptisols using long-term organic farming practices
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) R.K. Didawat; V.K. Sharma; D.J. Nath; Abhik Patra; Sarvendra Kumar; D.R. Biswas; K.A. Chobhe; K.K. Bandyopadhyay; Ankita Trivedi; Indu Chopra; Asik Dutta; K.K. Mohapatra; Ajin S. Anil
The enriched compost (ECM) comprising rock phosphate and biofertilizer consortia (BC) is a cheap source of organic input. A long-term field trial was initiated in kharif–2011 with the following treatment combinations used for rice sole-cropping: T1, absolute control; T2, 3.5 kg ha−1 biofertilizer consortia; T3, 5.0 t ha−1 compost (CM); T4, 5.0 t ha−1 CM + 3.5 kg ha−1 BC; T5, 2.5 t ha−1 ECM; T6, 5.0 t ha−1 ECM; and T7, 0.5 t ha−1 Azolla + 3.5 kg ha−1 BC. Owing to the usage of ECM for nine consecutive years, the organic carbon pools and biochemical properties of the soil were enhanced, and the nutritional quality of rice was enriched. Further, the potassium permanganate oxidizable carbon, total organic carbon, and microbial biomass carbon increased by 46%, 20%, and 15%, respectively, in the surface soil with T6 relative to T3. Such finding highlights the benefit of ECM application relative to CM and BC in enhancing rice nutritional quality and soil biochemical properties. Overall, the study suggests the use of 5 t ECM ha–1 to improve the soil biochemical properties and nutritional quality of rice subjected to acidic inceptisol. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Sole- or Dual-Crop Basis Residue Mulching and Zn Fertilization Lead to Improved Productivity, Rhizo-modulation and Soil Health in Zero-Tilled Pigeonpea–Wheat Cropping System
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Adarsh Kumar; K.S. Rana; Anil K. Choudhary; R.S. Bana; V.K. Sharma; Gaurendra Gupta; Sudhir K. Rajpoot; Ingudam Bhupenchandra; Mukesh Choudhary; Praveen Jakhar; Amit Kumar; Abhishek Kumar; Prabhat Kishore; Amaresh Pradhan; Vishal Tyagi; Kuldeep Kumar
Conventional tillage has led to deteriorated soil health in semi-arid ecologies of south Asia. Sole- and dual-crop basis residue mulching in a predominant pigeonpea-wheat cropping system (PWCS) of the region may boost crop productivity and soil health. Widespread Zn deficiency also invokes for developing sound Zn fertilization practices (ZFPs) for improved Zn bioavailability and crop productivity. We assessed the comparative performance of single- and double-crop basis residue mulching + hydrogel in main plots, and the ZFPs in sub-plots in split-plot design under a zero-tilled PWCS in semi-arid agro-ecology. Dual-crop basis residue mulching + hydrogel exhibited ~ 17.1–22.3% higher system productivity with improved rhizo-modulation and soil health over sole-crop residue mulching and no-residue mulchings in a zero-tilled PWCS. Dual-crop basis residue mulching (8 t ha−1 year−1) + hydrogel (2.5 kg ha−1) maintained significantly higher soil organic carbon (4.4 g kg−1); soil organic carbon stock (9.06 t ha−1); nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients; and soil biological parameters compared to sole-crop residue mulching (4 t ha−1 year−1). Interestingly, soil physico-chemical and biological properties and carbon stock showed an improvement while enhancing residue covering from 4 to 8 t ha−1 year−1 compared to no residues. Among ZFPs, 5 kg Zn ha−1 + Zn solubilizer (Bacillus endophyticus) exhibited 7.4–13% higher system productivity and soil health. Correlation analysis exhibited significant positive correlation (p < 0.01) amongst system-productivity and soil-health parameters. Double-crop basis residue mulching + hydrogel along with 5 kg Zn ha−1 + Zn solubilizer improved the soil health with optimized root development and hence harnessed higher system productivity in PWCS. Likewise, pigeonpea residue mulching proved more beneficial than wheat residue mulching in succeeding crops in realizing higher system productivity and soil health, where otherwise livestock inevitably need crop residues as quality fodder in semi-arid agro-ecologies. © 2021, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo.
STCR based nutrient management in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) for higher productivity and profitability
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2021) Y.V. Singh; S.K. Singh; Pradip Dey; V.K. Sharma
Farmer∗ Participatory On Farm Trials (FP-OFT) were conducted at 10 different locations in Chandauli district of Uttar Pradesh during rabi 2016-17 in medium black soils to study the influence of soil test crop response (STCR) approach vis-a-vis farmers' practice on productivity and economics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.).Result revealed that targeted seed yield of chickpea (16 q/ha) was achieved by adoption of STCR approach.The mean grain and stover yields of chickpea under STCR were increased by 37.1% and 41.2%, respectively over the farmers' practice (FP).The plant height, number of root nodules, pods/plant and test weight of seed were also increased by 11.6,29.3, 11.6 and 26.0% respectively, over the FP.There was much larger negative balance in available nitrogen and available potassium status under farmers' practice compared to STCR based nutrient management approach.The gross return, net returns and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) under the STCR approach were between 170200-77450/ha, ? 48019-55176/ ha and 2.16-2.48 which were higher as compared to farmers' practice across the different locations.STCR based nutrient management approach should be adopted by the farmers for getting higher crop productivity and profitability and improving soil fertility status. © 2021 Indian Council of Agricultural Research. All rights reserved.
Studies on N-picolinoyl-N′-benzothioylhydrazide and its Zn(II) complex: Synthesis, structure, antibacterial activity, thermal analysis and DFT calculation
(2014) S.K. Kushawaha; R.K. Dani; M.K. Bharty; U.K. Chaudhari; V.K. Sharma; R.N. Kharwar; N.K. Singh
A new Zn(II) complex [Zn(pbth)2] (where Hpbth = N-picolinoyl-N′-benzothioylhydrazide) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV-Visible and single crystal X-ray data. The distorted octahedral complex [Zn(pbth)2] crystallizes in monoclinic system with space group C2/c and is stabilized by various types of inter and intramolecular extended hydrogen bonding providing supramolecular framework. The optimized molecular geometry of N-picolinoyl-N′- benzothioylhydrazide (Hpbth) and the zinc complex in the ground state have been calculated by using the DFT method using B3LYP functional with 6-311 G(d,p){C,H,N,O,S}/Lanl2DZ basis set. The results of the optimized molecular geometry are presented and compared with the experimental X-ray diffraction data. In addition, quantum chemical calculations of Hpbth and the complex, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), contour map and frontier molecular orbital analysis were performed. The solid state electrical conductivity and thermal behaviour (TGA) of the complex were investigated. The bioefficacy of the complex has been examined against the growth of bacteria in vitro to evaluate its anti-microbial potential. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Syntheses, spectral and structural characterization of trinuclear and mononuclear Zn(II) complexes of N′-benzoyl hydrazine carboperthioate and 5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione: An approach to DFT calculation, antibacterial and thermal studies
(Elsevier Ltd, 2014) R.K. Dani; M.K. Bharty; S.K. Kushawaha; Om Prakash; V.K. Sharma; R.N. Kharwar; Ranjan K. Singh; N.K. Singh
Potassium N′-(benzoyl)-hydrazine carbodithioate forms novel complexes [Zn3(μ-bhcp)2(py)4] (1) and [Zn(phot) 2(en)2] (2) containing newly generated ligands N′-benzoyl hydrazinecarboperthioate (bhcp)3- and 5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione (phot)- which have been characterized by elemental analyses, m.p, IR, NMR and single crystal X-ray data. During complexation, potassium N′-(benzoyl)-hydrazine carbodithioate is converted to N′-benzoyl hydrazinecarboperthioate (oxidized ligand having a S-S linkage) and 5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione in the presence of pyridine and ethylenediamine (en), respectively which act as secondary ligands. The crystal structure of complex 1 reveals that the ligand is acting as trinegative pentadentate ON2S2, bonded to terminal zinc as ONS dinegative tridentate and to the other as NS uninegative bidentate. In the trinuclear complex 1, both terminal zinc atoms have distorted square pyramidal geometry and the middle zinc has tetrahedral geometry. Complex 2 has distorted octahedral geometry where central atom is bounded to two en and two oxadiazoles anions. The geometry of the complexes has also been optimized by the DFT method and the results of which are presented and compared with the X-ray diffraction data. The ligand has been also optimized and analyzed for its reactive site. In addition to this, frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) were also calculated. Raman analyses give the evidence of the binding of zinc with the newly generated oxadiazole and acyclic perthio ligands and the results corroborate with the IR and XRD data. Solid state electrical conductivity, bactericidal and thermal properties have been analyzed. The bioefficacy of the ligand and complexes has been examined against the growth of bacteria in vitro to evaluate their anti-microbial potential. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.