Browsing by Author "Veena Paul"

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A comprehensive review on vanillin: its microbial synthesis, isolation and recovery
(Bellwether Publishing, Ltd., 2021) Veena Paul; Dinesh Chandra Rai; Ramyaa Lakshmi T.S; Suresh Kumar Srivastava; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi
Vanillin is an extensively used flavor compound valuable in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Vanillin flavoring compound is present as natural, synthetic, and biotechnologically generated. The food safety authorities contemplate biotechnologically-derived vanillin as nature-identical vanillin. This review endeavors to present an overview of the microbial approach for vanillin production. This review summarizes the current trend in the biotechnologically-derived vanillin bioconversion from agricultural byproducts rich in eugenol, ferulic acid, isoeugenol, lignin, and de novo synthesis by bacteria, fungi, and recombinant microbial cells. This review also outlines the enzymes involved in vanillin synthesis. The subsequent section deals with the cultural conditions needed for the enhanced production of vanillin. This review offers broad knowledge about the downstream processes such as isolation, characterization, purification, and recovery. The concluding section describes the limitation in the production process, specifically toxicity and by-product formation, and various strategies to overcome these factors using fermentation technology with adsorbent resins and recombinant microbial cells. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Aflatoxins in Cereals and Cereal-Based Products: Occurrence, Toxicity, Impact on Human Health, and Their Detoxification and Management Strategies
(MDPI, 2022) Pradeep Kumar; Akansha Gupta; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Shikha Pandhi; Arun Kumar Pandey; Raveena Kargwal; Sadhna Mishra; Rajat Suhag; Nitya Sharma; Vivek Saurabh; Veena Paul; Manoj Kumar; Raman Selvakumar; Shirani Gamlath; Madhu Kamle; Hesham Ali El Enshasy; Jawahir A. Mokhtar; Steve Harakeh
Cereals and cereal-based products are primary sources of nutrition across the world. However, contamination of these foods with aflatoxins (AFs), secondary metabolites produced by several fungal species, has raised serious concerns. AF generation in innate substrates is influenced by several parameters, including the substrate type, fungus species, moisture content, minerals, humidity, temperature, and physical injury to the kernels. Consumption of AF-contaminated cereals and cereal-based products can lead to both acute and chronic health issues related to physical and mental maturity, reproduction, and the nervous system. Therefore, the precise detection methods, detoxification, and management strategies of AFs in cereal and cereal-based products are crucial for food safety as well as consumer health. Hence, this review provides a brief overview of the occurrence, chemical characteristics, biosynthetic processes, health hazards, and detection techniques of AFs, along with a focus on detoxification and management strategies that could be implemented for food safety and security. © 2022 by the authors.
Biocomposites from Fruit and Vegetable Wastes and Their Applications
(Springer Nature, 2022) Veena Paul; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; S. Yamini; Vinod Kumar Paswan; Tejaswini Patil; Tarun Verma; KianoushKhosravi Darani
A considerable amount of food waste is generated with increased food production. A sustainable approach is needed to manage this waste generation for the proper valorization and value addition of food wastes. The fruits and vegetables processing sector generates a large amount of waste, approximately more than 42% of total food wastes. Fruits and vegetable wastes are an ideal substrate for the production of biocomposites. These fruits and vegetable wastes can be utilized as sustainable raw materials to produce biocomposites using green technology that is economical, sustainable, and environment friendly. This chapter focuses on synthesizing biocomposites using fruit and vegetable wastes, their application, and environmental sustainability. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Biodegradable Polymer-Based Food Packaging
(Springer Nature, 2022) Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Kianoush Khosravi Darani; Dinesh Chandra Rai; Veena Paul
This book covers different aspects of biodegradable packaging, such as their sourcing and application in food industries. The book focuses on the production and characterization of biodegradable food packaging derived from plant, animal and microbial sources. Chapters highlight the nano-technological interventions in biodegradable food packaging and the less studied microbial biopolymer-based biodegradable food packaging makes it distinct from other related books. It includes the latest research and development in the areas of food processing, food packaging, material science and polymeric science. It also discusses the standards and regulatory guidelines about the biodegradability testing of these polymers. This book is meant for researchers in food science, food packaging, bioprocess technology, polymer science and biochemical engineering. It is also beneficial for faculty members and students of food microbiology, food technology, dairy technology. The book is also meant for small entrepreneurs and farmers who are interested in bio-plastic usage for food packaging. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Development of functional dark chocolate by incorporating flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) oil and honey with improved organoleptic and textural attributes
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2020) Dixita Singh; Abhishek D. Tripathi; Kundan S. Adhikari; Veena Paul
Background: Chocolate is one of the most consumable fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG), possessing many health benefits. The present study was envisaged to develop dark chocolate incorporated with flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) oil and honey. Flaxseed oil contains omega-3 fatty acid which is useful in heart disease, arthritis, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and cancer, whereas honey acts as an antioxidant. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop functional dark chocolate with improved organoleptic, textural and functional attributes by optimizing the ingredients levels such as flaxseed oil and honey and its further validation for quality improvement. Methods: The chocolate composition was optimized by selecting two variables including flaxseed oil (1-2.5g) and honey (10-15g) at 3 levels in central composite rotatable design (CCRD) by using Design-Expert version 11 software tool. Results: After optimization, the best-predicted formulation comprising flaxseed oil 2.37% (w/w) and honey 15% (w/w) showed best sensorial score (p <0.05) with desirability 0.826. Conclusion: Physicochemical analysis of optimized formulation showed significant improvement in organoleptic attributes (p <0.05) with a significant increase of 10.22% (p <0.05) in antioxidant activity in comparison to control. © 2020 Bentham Science Publishers.
Developments and Scope of Space Food
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2022) Yashmita Grover; Jagriti Bhasin; Bhavika Dhingra; Sonali Nandi; Mamta Hansda; Ruchi Sharma; Veena Paul; Rubeka Idrishi; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Aparna Agarwal
Humans have conducted numerous space missions in past decades and its success depends upon many factors, including astronaut health as the major factor. Health and nutrition are two vital components of life derived from food which helps in keeping one’s body alive, nourished as well as energetic, including the astronauts during their long-duration manned missions. With the advancement in research and technology, it became possible to include a wide variety of dishes in the space menu, with most of them being similar to those eaten on the earth. This review highlights the evolution of space food starting from mission Mercury to the current International Space Station. Furthermore, it also enlightens and focuses on types of space food, its packaging considerations, and vitamin A-rich energy balls as potential space food. Many deleterious effects of outer space explorations have been observed on the human body, such as loss of body mass, vision-related changes, loss in bone density, and even anemia. To overcome these issues, various considerations must be followed while designing space food. The nutritional requirement plays an important role in a space mission. Various foods have the potential to overcome the limitations caused by a space mission. Thus, while developing space food, various parameters should be taken into consideration, such as deficiencies and illness. The food should be compact, bite-sized, easily digestible, and shelf-stable. Further research is required to better gain insight into the technological advancements while considering the nutritional status and requirements of astronauts in a space mission. © 2022 Bentham Science Publishers.
Effect of coating materials for microencapsulation of basil oil using spray drying
(Indian journals, 2020) Veena Paul; Arvind; Dinesh Chandra Rai; Shikha Pandhi; Ankit Seth
Ocimum basilicum L., commonly known as “sweet basil” is a plant with high medicinal values and antioxidant potential. Basil oil is rich in phenolics and terpenoid compounds and used as a potential antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent. Present research work was aimed to study the effect of wall materials for basil oil microencapsulation. Various wall materials, including sodium alginate (SA) and sodium caseinate (SC), were combined with maltodextrin (MD) in two different ratios (1:2 and 1:1) were used for microencapsulation through spray drying. Among the evaluated wall materials, a combination of MD+SA at a ratio of 1:1 bestowed excellent performance both in terms of encapsulation efficiency and morphological characteristics of the prepared basil oil microcapsules. © 2020, IndianJournals.com. All rights reserved.
Future Prospects of Biodegradable Polymers with Potential Application in Food Industry
(Springer Nature, 2022) Tejaswini Patil; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Dinesh Chandra Rai; Aparna Agarwal; Veena Paul; Kamlesh Kumar Maurya; Pankaj
Enormous plastic production and its consumption and accumulation are a global concern. Although the solution to this issue is “reuse, recycle, and reduce plastic, " it is not quite enough, and therefore biodegradable packaging material is gaining acceptability in the agriculture and food industry for packaging purposes. This chapter summarizes recent approaches and innovations in the field of biodegradable polymers and future prospects. Here, biodegradable polymers and natural polymers with their properties, their applicability, and their degradation are discussed. Also, improvements in properties of natural polymers by using technologies have been discussed. Biodegradable polymers reduce the burden of greenhouse gases on Earth. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Growth Kinetics of Prodigiosin (Food Color) Produced by Novel Serratia marcescens bhu prodig Under Submerged Fermentation (SMF)
(Springer, 2025) Kamalesh Kumar Maurya; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Deepak Kumar; T. S. Ramyaa; Veena Paul; Aparna Agarwal
Abstract: Prodigiosin is a promising food color due to its antibacterial, antimalarial, antimycotic characteristics, immunomodulating, and antitumor activities. Novel prodigiosin producing strain isolated from sugarcane field soil of Banaras Hindu University, India, characterized as Serratia marcescens bhu prodig by 16 sRNA. The effect of carbon, nitrogen source, and physical parameters (pH and temperature) on pigment yield was studied. The highest amount of pigment produced, which was 800.95 ± 0.05 mg/L, was detected when sorbitol and peptone were used as nitrogen and carbon source with pH 7 at 30 °C. The optimized condition scale-up in a bioreactor with a working capacity of 3.0 L, gave maximum pigment yield of 825 ± 0.05 mg/L with µ (Maximum specific growth rate), Yp/x, which represents the product yield coefficient, and Yp/s, which signifies the specific product yield coefficient and productivity of 0.3/h, 0.62, 0.80, and 0.02 g/L/h, respectively, after 72 h of cultivation in submerged fermentation (SMF). The isolated pigment was characterized as prodigiosin by the analysis of spectral data and GC–MS. The mass spectrophotometry investigation characterized pigment as 4-methoxy-5(5 methyl-4-pentyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)- 2,2-bipyrrole ring structure. The GC–MS chromatogram showed m/z of 323, representing prodigiosin. The prodigiosin yield and productivity obtained in the current finding were higher than in previous reports. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023.
Growth Kinetics of Prodigiosin (Food Color) Produced by Novel Serratia marcescens bhu prodig Under Submerged Fermentation (SMF)
(Springer, 2023) Kamlesh Kumar Maurya; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Deepak Kumar; T.S. Ramyaa; Veena Paul; Aparna Agarwal
Abstract: Prodigiosin is a promising food color due to its antibacterial, antimalarial, antimycotic characteristics, immunomodulating, and antitumor activities. Novel prodigiosin producing strain isolated from sugarcane field soil of Banaras Hindu University, India, characterized as Serratia marcescens bhu prodig by 16 sRNA. The effect of carbon, nitrogen source, and physical parameters (pH and temperature) on pigment yield was studied. The highest amount of pigment produced, which was 800.95 ± 0.05 mg/L, was detected when sorbitol and peptone were used as nitrogen and carbon source with pH 7 at 30 °C. The optimized condition scale-up in a bioreactor with a working capacity of 3.0 L, gave maximum pigment yield of 825 ± 0.05 mg/L with µ (Maximum specific growth rate), Yp/x, which represents the product yield coefficient, and Yp/s, which signifies the specific product yield coefficient and productivity of 0.3/h, 0.62, 0.80, and 0.02 g/L/h, respectively, after 72 h of cultivation in submerged fermentation (SMF). The isolated pigment was characterized as prodigiosin by the analysis of spectral data and GC–MS. The mass spectrophotometry investigation characterized pigment as 4-methoxy-5(5 methyl-4-pentyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)- 2,2-bipyrrole ring structure. The GC–MS chromatogram showed m/z of 323, representing prodigiosin. The prodigiosin yield and productivity obtained in the current finding were higher than in previous reports. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Herbs-derived phytochemicals – a boon for combating COVID-19
(Springer, 2024) Veena Paul; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Aparna Agarwal; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Kartikeya Srivastava; Kamlesh Kumar Maurya
The recent pandemic, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), has put the whole world on alert with the threat of the virus that targets the human respiratory system. The disease has affected more than 633.6 million people globally and caused 6.5 million deaths since November 18, 2022. About 12.94 billion people are vaccinated as of November 18, 2022. Due to varied climatic conditions, SARS-CoV-2 has shown rapid mutation in recent years. Because of the lack of appropriate therapeutic drugs, inadequate diagnostic mechanisms, life-supporting medical facilities, and lack of awareness, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 has become severe. Thus, the most efficient strategy to control this disease is to follow preventive measures. However, treating SARS-CoV-2 cases in Wuhan using traditional Chinese herbs has set an example to show how traditional health can contribute to treating this novel virus. Medicinal herbs are known for their antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, immunomodulatory, immunoadjuvant, and anti-inflammatory properties. These medicinal herbs are used during cooking and consumed regularly worldwide. In this view, medicinal herbs gained evident attention. These herbs can serve as a potential and economical remedy for combating the lethal effects of COVID-19. The present review highlights the phytochemicals and their mechanisms of action in preventing SARS-CoV-2. © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Society for Plant Research 2023.
Hydrothermal treatment of lignocellulose waste for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates copolymer with potential application in food packaging
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Pradeep Kumar Mishra; Kianoush Khosarvi-Darani; Aparna Agarwal; Veena Paul
Background: Bio-plastics are eco-friendly biopolymer finding tremendous application in food and pharmaceutical industries. Biodegradable polymer-based plastic such as PHAs (plyhydroxyalkanoates) possesses similar physicochemical and mechanical properties as posed by conventional plastic. PHAs does not cause any type of hazardous pollution upon disposal. However, the high production cost of PHAs makes its wider acceptability unsuitable at commercial level. This can be minimized by screening potential PHAs producing strains, selecting inexpensive raw material, optimized cultivation condition and by adopting efficient recovery and purification strategies. Scope and approach: The PHA upstream processing is expensive and contributes approximately 40% of total production cost. This can be minimized to greater extent by using inexpensive raw materials such as agro-industrial waste and lignocellulose waste (LCW). In recent time, LCW has gained more attention in bioprocess-based production owing to its nutritional composition. LCW is rich in complex polysaccharides such as lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose which are not easily digested. Hydrothermal processing of lignocellulosic materials causes a variety of effects including extractive removal, hemicellulose hydrolysis and alteration of the properties of both cellulose and lignin. The extracted digested residues can be effectively utilized in PHAs and copolymer synthesis. Key findings and conclusion: This review focusses on various aspects of hydrothermal processing of lignocellulosic waste for efficient and economical PHAs production. These bio-plastics specifically microbial produced bio-polymers such as PHAs find application in food industries as packaging material owing to their desirable water barrier and gas permeability properties in addition to complete biodegradability upon disposal without green-house gas emission. The present review deals with the production, recovery, purification, characterization and applications of PHAs and its copolymers using LCW as potential substrate. This review will also focus on different strategies adopted for efficient PHA production using hydrothermal treated LCW, its biosynthetic mechanism, extraction, purification, characterization and also biodegradability testing at lab and pilot plant level. In addition to that, the authors will emphasize novel PHA copolymers nanocomposites synthesis strategies and their commercial applicability. © 2022
Introduction: Scope and Importance of Biodegradable Polymers
(Springer Nature, 2022) Veena Paul; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Kamlesh Kumar Maurya; Pankaj; Dinesh; Dinesh Chandra Rai
In today’s world, the interest in biodegradable polymers has grown significantly. The demand for these polymers has skyrocketed, making them broadly utilized polymers with a range of several applications. Plant, animal, and microbially derived biopolymers have piqued the interest of researchers. Because of their inherent properties like biodegradability, biocompatibility, inexhaustibility, and economic availability, the need for biodegradable polymers has been enhanced. Recent trends in the food packaging industry have shown the employment of biodegradable polymers with improved characteristics. This chapter emphasizes biodegradable polymers’ development, classification, application, challenges, and market opportunities. The application of these polymers in active and intelligent packaging are summarized. This chapter also highlights the application of biodegradable polymers as an assuring green technique for assuring the quality and safety of food. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Nivalenol Mycotoxin Concerns in Foods: An Overview on Occurrence, Impact on Human and Animal Health and Its Detection and Management Strategies
(MDPI, 2022) Pradeep Kumar; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Akansha Gupta; Surabhi Pandey; Veena Paul; Vivek Saurabh; Arun Kumar Pandey; Raman Selvakumar; Sreejani Barua; Mandira Kapri; Manoj Kumar; Charanjit Kaur; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Shirani Gamlath; Madhu Kamle; Theodoros Varzakas; Sofia Agriopoulou
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi that infect a wide range of foods worldwide. Nivalenol (NIV), a type B trichothecene produced by numerous Fusarium species, has the ability to infect a variety of foods both in the field and during post-harvest handling and management. NIV is frequently found in cereal and cereal-based goods, and its strong cytotoxicity poses major concerns for both human and animal health. To address these issues, this review briefly overviews the sources, occurrence, chemistry and biosynthesis of NIV. Additionally, a brief overview of several sophisticated detection and management techniques is included, along with the implications of processing and environmental factors on the formation of NIV. This review’s main goal is to offer trustworthy and current information on NIV as a mycotoxin concern in foods, with potential mitigation measures to assure food safety and security. © 2022 by the authors.
Optimization of spray drying parameters for custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) pulp powder development using response surface methodology (RSM) with improved physicochemical attributes and phytonutrients
(Academic Press, 2021) Arpit Shrivastava; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Veena Paul; Dinesh Chandra Rai
Custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) is a highly perishable fruit, possessing enormous phytochemicals and nutrients with potential antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-cancerous properties. In the present investigation, spray drying parameters were optimized to produce custard apple pulp powder (CAPP) using response surface methodology (RSM). The drying was carried out in a laboratory spray dryer at different levels of inlet air temperature (100–140 °C), outlet air temperature (70–110 °C), and maltodextrin (MD) concentration (10–20 g/dL). The optimized condition comprised an inlet temperature of 135 °C, outlet temperature of 75 °C, and the maltodextrin content of 15 g/dL, respectively. Under this optimized condition, the maximum powder yield of 14.8 g/dL with moisture content of 5 g/100 g was obtained. The bulk density, yield, degree of caking, solubility index, and dispersibility were significant (p < 0.05) in optimized CAPP. Further, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed the amorphous behavior of spray-dried CAPP, showing minimum hygroscopicity. The differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis of CAPP revealed better stability with a glass transition temperature of 200 °C, making it suitable at commercial and domestic level. The HPLC analysis of CAPP revealed the presence of phytonutrients like lutein and zeaxanthin having antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties. © 2021
Plant-derived edible nanoparticles and their therapeutic utilities
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Alisha Nandan; Alina Mariam Anil; Gayathri Nagaraj; Dayanand Peter; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Veena Paul
As sustainable sources of natural compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and saponins, plants offer a rich repertoire of bioactive compounds that exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. These plant-derived compounds can synthesize nanoparticles (NPs), developed as a potential therapeutic approach for combating diseases. However, NPs face challenges such as delivery, safety considerations, toxicity, and production costs. In contrast, while effective, protein therapies are limited in targeting specific tissues and are used in treating chronic diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurological disorders. The emergence of plant-derived edible nanoparticles (PDENPs) has brought a new dimension to the field. PDENPs offer a promising solution with enhanced oral bioavailability and resistance to breakdown in acidic environments. Recent findings indicate that PDENPs have substantial therapeutic promise, including their potential to combat cancer, reduce inflammation, and regulate gut microbiota imbalances. Importantly, PDENPs exhibit non-toxicity, better immunogenicity, and exceptional biocompatibility, making them a safe and viable option for therapeutic use. This chapter aims to analyze PDENPs by highlighting their biological function and production method, examining their potential therapeutic application in treating various chronic diseases, and sharing insights on possible future research paths. © 2024
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and its copolymer nanocarrier application in cancer treatment: An overview and challenges
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Veena Paul; Shikha Pandhi; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Aparna Agarwal; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi
In the modern era, nanomedicine has developed novel drug-delivery strategies to improve chemotherapy. Nanotechnological-based treatment approaches for cancer through targeted tumour drug delivery and stimulus-responsive tumour microenvironment have gained tremendous success in oncology. The application of building block materials of these nanomedicines plays a vital role in cancer remediation. Despite successful application in various medical treatments, nanocarriers' lack of biodegradability and biocompatibility makes their use in a clinical context difficult. In addition, the preparation of current drug delivery systems is a major constraint. The current cancer treatment methods aim to destroy diseased tissue, frequently with the use of radiation and chemotherapy. These treatment options are accompanied by a significant level of toxicity, which has excellent potential to further medical issues in the afflicted patient. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymers are biodegradable and biocompatible polyesters that can potentially be used as nanoparticular delivery systems for cancer treatment. Previously, PHA has shown tremendous application as a packaging material in the food and pharma industry. PHA-based nanocarriers are an effective drug delivery system because of their non-immunogenicity, regulated drug release, high drug loading capacity, and targeted drug delivery. This review focuses on creating and using PHA-based nanocarriers in cancer treatment. Despite its many benefits, PHA-based nanocarriers have yet to progress to clinical trials for drug delivery applications due to several issues, including the polymers' hydrophobic nature and high production costs. This review examines these challenges along with existing alternatives. © 2024
Preface
(Springer Nature, 2022) Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Kianoush Khosravi Darani; Dinesh Chandra Rai; Veena Paul
[No abstract available]
Process Optimization and Characterization of Enhanced Vanillin Yield Using Bacillus aryabhattai NCIM 5503
(National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, 2021) Veena Paul; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Dinesh Chandra Rai
Background and Objective: Vanillin is a strong flavor used widely in food industries, but the quantity of this compound from plant sources is minimal. In the present study, vanillin was produced as bio-vanillin using biotechnological techniques and effects of the process parameters (carbon-source, nitrogen-source and pH) on ferulic acid bioconversion to vanillin for enhancing vanillin concentration were studied using Bacillus aryabhattai NCIM 5503. Material and Methods: Briefly, culture media included 5 g l-1 each carbon (glucose, sucrose, fructose, sorbitol, lactose, xylitol and mannitol) and nitrogen (ammonium sulphate, peptone, beef extract, yeast extract and urea) sources in distilled water supplemented with 5% (w v-1) of ferulic acid and 1% (v v-1) of Bacillus aryabhattai NCIM 5503 as inoculum at a pH range of 4.5-12. Fermentation broth was extracted using centrifuge and further analyzed for the presence of vanillin using spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. Results and Conclusion: This study revealed that a maximum vanillin concentration of 0.87 g l-1 was achieved under optimum conditions (culture media with fructose and beef extract at pH 9) of 30 °C and 150 rpm. Furthermore, vanillin in the extracted fermented broth was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometric analysis with thiobarbituric acid assay at 55 °C for 10 min followed by 20 min of incubation at room temperature. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
Production kinetics and characterization of natural food color (torularhodin) with antimicrobial potential
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Shimmi Sebastian; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Veena Paul; Kianoush Khosravi Darani; Aparna Agarwal
The present investigation was conducted to optimize the fermentative production of food color (carotenoid pigments) using Rhodotorula sp. grown under batch cultivation. The effect of different carbon sources, nitrogen source and pH on carotenoid yield was investigated initially. The maximum carotenoid yield of 3520.23 and 2992.65 μg/g were obtained using sorbitol and beef extract as potential carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, at pH 7.0. Further, process optimization was done using RSM to enhance the carotenoid yield. The optimized condition comprised; 2.0 g/L sorbitol, 0.32 g/L beef extract and 6.25 pH. Optimized condition scale-up in 7.5 L bioreactor (working volume 3.0 L) gave maximum carotenoid and biomass yield of 7325.70 ± 0.04 μg/g and 0.589 ± 0.05 g/L, respectively, after 48 h of cultivation. Leudking Piret model deduced mixed growth associated carotenoid production. The carotenoid pigment was characterized as torularhodin by FTIR and showed antimicrobial activities against E. coli and S. aureus. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd