Browsing by Author "Veerendra Kumar Chandola"

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Assessment of precipitation and its extreme precipitation changes over the Himalayan Bhilangana River Basin, India
(Springer, 2025) Bhupendra Joshi; Vishal Kumar Kumar Singh; Veerendra Kumar Chandola; Atar Singh
Precipitation is a dominant driver of hydrological processes, and its reliable estimation is particularly important in the Himalayan region, where climate variability exerts strong control on water resources. This study evaluated changes in extreme precipitation over the Bhilangana River Basin, India, using multiple gridded datasets. Dataset performance was first assessed against station observation, with APHRODITE demonstrating the strongest agreement, followed by IMD, ERA5, and GPM. To refine accuracy, a hybrid statistical reconstruction was applied to generate a bias-corrected 0.10-degree precipitation dataset, which was subsequently employed to correct CMIP6 model outputs under SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios. A multi-model ensemble was then analysed for ETCCDI-recommended precipitation extremes across two future horizons: near future (2025–2054) and far future (2061–2090). Climate projections results indicate consistent declines in maximum one-day (Rx1day) and five-day (Rx5day) precipitation, reflecting a weakening of short-duration extremes. These reductions are accompanied by fewer consecutive dry days (CDD), while consecutive wet days (CWD) are projected to increase markedly. The most pronounced changes emerge in high-altitude regions, underscoring their elevated sensitivity to future precipitation shifts. These projected alterations highlight potential risks to glacier stability, flood regimes, and hydropower reliability, underscoring the urgency of developing climate-adaptive water management strategies in Himalayan basins. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2025.
Groundwater quality issues and challenges for drinking and irrigation uses in central ganga basin dominated with rice-wheat cropping system
(MDPI, 2021) Sumant Kumar; Manish Kumar; Veerendra Kumar Chandola; Vinod Kumar; Ravi K. Saini; Neeraj Pant; Nikul Kumari; Ankur Srivastava; Surjeet Singh; Rajesh Singh; Gopal Krishan; Shashi Poonam Induwar; Sudhir Kumar; Brijesh Kumar Yadav; Nityanand Singh Maurya; Anju Chaudhary
Increased population and increasing demands for food in the Indo-Gangetic plain are likely to exert pressure on fresh water due to rise in demand for drinking and irrigation water. The study focuses on Bhojpur district, Bihar located in the central Ganga basin, to assess the groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purpose and discuss the issues and challenges. Groundwater is mostly utilized in the study area for drinking and irrigation purposes (major crops sown in the area are rice and wheat). There were around 45 groundwater samples collected across the study region in the pre-monsoon season (year 2019). The chemical analytical results show that Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3− ions are present in abundance in groundwater and governing the groundwater chemistry. Further analysis shows that 66%, 69% and 84% of the samples exceeded the acceptable limit of arsenic (As), Fe and Mn respectively and other trace metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) are within the permissible limit of drinking water as prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standard for drinking water. Generally, high as concentration has been found in the aquifer (depth ranges from 20 to 40 m below ground surface) located in proximity of river Ganga. For assessing the irrigation water quality, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values, residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Na%, permeability index (PI) and calcium alteration index (CAI) were calculated and found that almost all the samples are found to be in good to excellent category for irrigation purposes. The groundwater facie has been classified into Ca-Mg-HCO3 type. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Spatiotemporal characterization of meteorological drought and rainfall variation during El Niño/La Niña event over Bundelkhand region of India
(Springer Nature, 2025) Vijay Shankar Yadav; Ravi Venkatrao Galkate; Veerendra Kumar Chandola; Anoop Kumar Shukla; Samikshya Panda; Satyavati Shukla
This study analyzes the relationship between the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and rainfall variability in the Bundelkhand region using the Oceanic Niño Index (Niño 3.4 Index) for the period 1950–2022. Drought monitoring was conducted using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) to assess the impact of ENSO on regional drought conditions. Results indicate that El Niño years correspond to a decline in rainfall, with weak and moderate El Niño events leading to deficits of − 38.62 mm and − 21.44 mm, respectively, while strong El Niño years experienced a significant reduction of − 128.8 mm. Conversely, the relationship between La Niña and rainfall is inconsistent, with moderate La Niña years showing a positive anomaly of 66.89 mm, while weak and strong La Niña years resulted in mixed effects, with anomalies of − 17.59 mm and − 56.72 mm, respectively. Spatiotemporal analysis further revealed that drought conditions persisted in Bundelkhand during the La Niña years of 1973 and 2020, highlighting the region’s unique response to ENSO events. These findings emphasize the need for localized climate assessments, as large-scale ENSO trends do not consistently predict rainfall patterns in Bundelkhand region. This study provides valuable insights for drought mitigation and early warning strategies in the region. © The Author(s) 2025.