Browsing by Author "Venkatesh Chaturvedi"

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A comparative assessment of autoclave and microwave-assisted peroxometal complex in delignification of wood biomass for enhanced sugar production
(Springer Singapore, 2017) Pradeep Verma; Venkatesh Chaturvedi
For production of biofuels from woody biomass, an initial pretreatment step is required for removal of lignin prior to enzymatic saccharification. In the present study, ameliorating effects of peroxometal complexes on delignification of beech wood have been studied using external (autoclave) heating and microwave irradiation. The results clearly show that ammonium molybdate, when transformed to peroxometal complex by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), exhibits potent delignification property. The beech wood gave sugar yield of 69 and 41.8% after microwave irradiation and autoclave heating, respectively, under optimized conditions. The results indicate that maximum sugar yield depends upon delignification of biomass as lignin inhibits conversion of cellulose into sugars. It can be concluded that excellent delignifying capability of the H2O2-activated ammonium molybdate system can be achieved through microwave radiation. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017. All rights reserved.
Ameliorating effects of chicken feathers in plant growth promotion activity by a keratinolytic strain of Bacillus subtilis PF1
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2016) Khushboo Bhange; Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Renu Bhatt
Background: Feathers are the major byproducts of poultry industry and considered as waste. Feathers (composed of protein keratin) are metabolized by a number of microorganisms as a source of carbon and nitrogen. Degradation of feathers results in production of amino acids and peptides, which can be employed as precursors for plant growth-promoting metabolites such as indole acetic acid, ammonia and HCN. The aim of the present investigation was to assess the influence of these metabolites (termed as feather protein hydrolysate) on plant growth promotion activity of keratinolytic bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis PF1. Results: Strain PF1 exhibits potent keratinolytic activity and can efficiently degrade 10 g/l chicken feathers under submerged cultivation with 81.4 ± 4.40 U/ml keratinase activity. Different concentrations of feathers supported the production of indole acetic acid by strain PF1. Strain PF1 produces maximum indole acetic acid (46.2 ± 0.21 µg/ml) in the presence of 2.0 % feathers at 120 h of incubation. The indole acetic acid production was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis. However, increased concentration of feathers exhibited negative effect on phosphate solubilization due to increased alkalinity. HCN production also exhibited positive correlation with concentration of feathers. Finally, plant growth of Vigna radiata in the presence of strain PF1 with chicken feathers in soil was investigated, which showed good plant growth promotion activity. Increased ratio of C/N in soil also supported the plant growth promotion activity of feathers. Conclusion: Feather degradation property of B. subtilis PF1 could be efficiently utilized for feather waste management. The metabolites released by feather degradation along with strain PF1 could be successfully employed as an economic source of nitrogen fertilizers for plants. © 2016, Bhange et al.
An overview of key pretreatment processes employed for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and value added products
(Springer Verlag, 2013) Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Pradeep Verma
The hunt for alternative sources of energy generation that are inexpensive, ecofriendly, renewable and can replace fossil fuels is on, owing to the increasing demands of energy. One approach in this direction is the conversion of plant residues into biofuels wherein lignocellulose, which forms the structural framework of plants consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, is first broken down and hydrolyzed into simple fermentable sugars, which upon fermentation form biofuels such as ethanol. A major bottleneck is to disarray lignin which is present as a protective covering and makes cellulose and hemicellulose recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis. A number of biomass deconstruction or pretreatment processes (physical, chemical and biological) have been used to break the structural framework of plants and depolymerize lignin. This review surveys and discusses some major pretreatment processes pertaining to the pretreatment of plant biomass, which are used for the production of biofuels and other value added products. The emphasis is given on processes that provide maximum amount of sugars, which are subsequently used for the production of biofuels. © The Author(s) 2012.
Bio-inspired remediation of wastewater: A contemporary approach for environmental clean-up
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Divya Singh; Rahul Kumar Goswami; Komal Agrawal; Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Pradeep Verma
Overuse of water has led to the degradation and scarcity of limited water resources, which prompted the modern world to adopt sustainable measures to save water by increasing its reuse and recycling. The use of microbial-based green technology to treat wastewater has appeared to outweigh conventional wastewater treatment (WWT) technologies because this emerging technology overcomes many of the shortcomings of conventional treatment systems. The main objective of this review is to illustrate different types of microorganisms used in various bioreactor configurations for the treatment of polluted water. This review also emphasizes the benefits and applications of using microbes, which play a dual role in treating the wastewater as well as serving as a source of value-added products such as biofuels and biofertilizers. Furthermore, it provides a critical account of the recent integrated green technology approaches such as consortia between microorganisms for the treatment of wastewater. It also critically illustrates the limitations related to green technology, which needs serious attention to facilitate its full-scale development. This review also provides the advantages of green technology and how it preponderates over disadvantages and contributes towards sustainability. © 2022 The Authors
Biodegradation of malachite green by a novel copper-tolerant Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense strain GGUPV1 isolated from copper mine waste water
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2015) Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Pradeep Verma
Background: Malachite green (MG) is a triphenyl methane cationic dye which is used to color fabrics and is employed as food additive, food coloring agent and medical disinfectant. MG is found to be toxic to aquatic organisms, animals including humans. Copper is a commonly found metal in environment due to anthropogenic activities. Most of the microorganisms show sensitivity toward it. This adversely affects their growth and activity. In the present study, biodegradation of MG by a copper-tolerant bacterium has been investigated. Biodegradation was confirmed by UV–Vis and FTIR spectroscopy. The metabolites generated after degradation of MG were identified by LC/MS and a plausible pathway of MG degradation has been elucidated. Microbial and phyto toxicity of generated metabolites were also evaluated. Results: A strain belonging to Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense strain GGUPV1 was discovered from copper mine waste water. This bacterium could tolerate as high as 50 mM copper sulfate in minimal medium. It was observed that this bacterium could degrade 400 mg/L of MG in minimal medium. Decolorization of MG was also observed in presence of copper sulfate in the medium. Degradation of MG was confirmed by UV–Vis and FTIR spectroscopy. GC/MS study indicated that metabolites generated after degradation of MG were nontoxic to Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions: This is the first report showing degradation of MG by Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense. This strain can be successfully employed for degradation of MG. © 2015 Chaturvedi and Verma.
Biodetoxification of high amounts of malachite green by a multifunctional strain of Pseudomonas mendocina and its ability to metabolize dye adsorbed chicken feathers
(2013) Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Khushboo Bhange; Renu Bhatt; Pradeep Verma
Malachite green (MG) is a highly toxic, and recalcitrant tri-phenyl methane dye, which can be adsorbed on surface of chicken feathers, a non toxic poultry waste. This interaction can affect metabolism of chicken feathers by microbes in the environment. In this study, decolorization/degradation of MG and metabolism of MG adsorbed chicken feathers by Pseudomonas mendocina strain PM2 has been evaluated. Decolorization of different concentrations of MG by strain PM2 was studied. Degradation of MG was studied by UV-vis/FTIR analysis. Enzyme activities of selected enzymes were evaluated in order to ascertain their role in MG degradation. Microbial/phytotoxocity studies on MG and its degraded metabolites were carried out to confirm detoxification of MG after degradation. MG was adsorbed on surface of chicken feathers and its toxicity on strain PM2 and MG sensitive strain of Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441 was evaluated. Metabolism of native and MG adsorbed chicken feathers by strain PM2 and MTCC 441 was studied. Results showed that strain PM2 could decolorize up to 1800 mg/L MG. UV-vis/FTIR studies indicated degradation of MG by strain PM2. Assay of enzyme activity indicated involvement of MG reductase, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase during degradation. Microbial/phytotoxicity study confirmed biodetoxification of MG after degradation. MG adsorbed chicken feathers were toxic to MTCC 441 and non toxic to strain PM2. Further, strain PM2 was able to metabolize MG adsorbed chicken feathers whereas MTCC 441 could not metabolize MG adsorbed chicken feathers. This study clearly indicates that MG adsorbed chicken feathers are difficult to be metabolized by MG sensitive strains. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Biofabrication of silver oxide nanoparticles (So-np) by autolysate of pseudomonas mendocina pm1, and assessment of its antimicrobial/antibiofilm potential
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, 2021) Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Piyoosh Kumar Babele; Prabhakar Singh
Silver oxide Nanoparticles (SO-NP) exhibit excellent light absorbing, semi conducting properties and hence are employed in a wide range of applications such as catalyst, biosensors, and in fuel cells. Green synthesis of nanoparticles using different microorganisms is widely accepted since this method is in expensive and eco-friendly. Nanoparticles synthesized by this route are smaller in size, highly stable, show high reactivity and stability. In this context, biofabrication of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles (SO-NP) by autolysate of Pseudomonas mendocina PM1 has been evaluated. Synthesis of SO-NP was observed, when autolysate of P. mendocina PM1 was incubated with 0.5 mM AgNO3 in dark for 24 h. Synthesis of SO-NP was confirmed by UV-Vis analysis. SO-NP was further confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) which confirmed presence of SO-NP. XRD revealed that SO-NP were of the type Ag3O4. FTIR analysis indicated that peptides were involved in the reduction and stability of SO-NP. SO-NP’s showed potent anti-microbial/ anti-biofilm activity against common pathogenic/non-pathogenic bacteria. This is the first report of synthesis of SO-NP by P. mendocina PM1. © 2021, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources. All rights reserved.
Biohydrogen Production: An Overview of Diverse Feedstock and Modern Technologies
(CRC Press, 2025) Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Pradeep Verma; Maulin P. Shah
Rapid accumulation of pollutants and waste has resulted in a persistent demand for environmental clean-up through sustainable microbial technologies that combine biodegradation with bioenergy generation. Biohydrogen has emerged as a popular biofuel because it produces zero-carbon emissions and is environmentally friendly. This volume in the Wastewater Treatment and Research series delves into the various ways in which biohydrogen can be produced. This includes photosynthetic biohydrogen production, where cyanobacteria decompose water to hydrogen under anaerobic conditions using photosynthesis, anaerobic dark fermentation where hydrogen is produced by decomposition of organic matter by anaerobic microorganisms, and light and dark fermentation. With special emphasis on cell immobilization strategies, membrane processes, and nanomaterials, this book also highlights recent innovations in biohydrogen production such as culture enrichment, pretreatment of wastes, metabolic and genetic engineering, and the coupling process of light and dark fermentation. By providing an ecofriendly roadmap to turning waste into bioenergy, this book serves as an instrumental guide to averting one of the most pressing environmental crises of our times. Professors, researchers, students, and science enthusiasts will appreciate this holistic overview of biohydrogen production, especially in terms of its long-term viability, cost, and environmental implications. © 2026 selection and editorial matter, Venkatesh Chaturvedi, Pradeep Verma and Maulin P. Shah.
Current developments, challenges, and future standpoints corresponding to antibacterial agents with special reference to polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)
(Springer, 2025) Deepshikha; Ravi Ranjan Kumar; Sankhajit Mondal; Venkatesh Chaturvedi
Microorganisms, majorly bacteria, are meticulously involved in causing a wide range of clinical manifestations. Antibiotics are agents that control or inhibit the targeted microbial growth but with the course of evolution, bacteria have evolved resistance against common antimicrobial agents, hence development of new agents is crucial in the foreseeable future. This chapter will provide information on antibacterial agents, their discovery, classifcation based on varying sources, functions, spectrum of activity, and chemical structures with special reference to Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as antibacterial agents. Further, various approaches can be implied for developing novel antibacterial agents by either modifying known drug molecules, inhibiting resistance mechanism, a new molecule with a novel mechanism, or a combination that can restore the drug's prior effect. The major challenges include the lack of innovative assays for hit discovery, optimisation, extensive expenditure, and broad timelines. The development of novel antibacterial drugs in combating resistance can be improved by exploiting the emerging artifcial intelligence-based technologies, regulating host response pathways, and employing a combination of distinct antibiotics/PHAs/ Plant-derived compounds/Engineered pro-drugs. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.
Degradation of 17 α-ethynyl estradiol by Pseudomonas citronelolis BHUWW1 and its degradation pathway
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Chandra Prakash; Venkatesh Chaturvedi
17 α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) is the main component of birth control medications and is in huge demand worldwide. A major part of this hormone is excreted in the environment, where it acts as Endocrine Disrupting Compound (EDC). Thus, the removal of this hormone from the environment is essential. In this study, a bacterial strain identified as Pseudomonas citronelolis BHUWW1 was isolated from sewage-contaminated water of the Assi River by using enrichment in minimal medium supplemented with EE2 as a sole source of carbon. The strain was able to metabolize 94% of 10 mg/L of EE2 after eight days of incubation. Supplementation of co-carbon sources showed a positive impact on EE2 degradation. It was observed that supplementation with sodium acetate, sucrose, and glucose increased the efficiency of EE2 degradation. In the presence of metal ions, a decrease in EE2 degradation was observed. However, the strain BHUWW1 was able to degrade EE2 in the presence of tested metal ions. The metabolites arising after degradation of EE2 were identified by GC MS and a possible pathway of degradation was elucidated. It was observed that EE2 was first converted to estrone and then to 17 β-estradiol (E2). E2 was then hydroxylated, which led to an opening of the ring structure and its subsequent degradation. A few metabolites such as methyl succinic acid, ethyl malonic acid, and 4- hydroxyl butanoic acid formed during the degradation were also identified. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the role of strain BHUWW1 in the remediation of this hormone. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Designing microbial cellulases using genetic engineering approach: A promising strategy towards zero-waste cellulosic biorefinery
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Komal Agrawal; Lakshana G. Nair; Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Pradeep Verma
Cellulosic biorefinery is a promising route towards zero-waste environment and sustainable future via the utilization of industrially significant protein i.e., “cellulases”. Despite the advantage, high production costs and low productivity impedes its commercialization. However, to address the same on-site production strategies have been implemented to enhance its production. Additionally, genetic engineering approaches have be used and has allowed to engineer microbes with improved cellulases production abilities. Thus, considering the tremendous potential of cellulases, the current review provides an insight into its structure, production strategies, media optimization along with various factors that impact its production. Further, the review highlights various genetic engineering-based approaches that have been used to increase cellulase production such as heterologous expression, RNA interference (RNAi) technology, CRISPR-Cas9-based technologies etc. Lastly, its applications in various biotechnological sectors, limitations and prospects has been discussed to gain futuristic insight into zero-waste cellulosic biorefinery. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Diversity of culturable sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) degrading bacteria isolated from detergent contaminated ponds situated in Varanasi city, India
(2011) Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Ashok Kumar
In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to isolate and identify SDS-degrading bacteria from different detergent contaminated ponds situated in Varanasi city, UP, India. Initial survey of ponds indicated that these ponds were contaminated with detergents. Employing enrichment technique in minimal medium (PBM) with SDS as a sole carbon source, a total of 24 isolates were recovered from 7 detergent contaminated ponds. Studies on rates of SDS degradation indicated that the rate of SDS degradation varied from 97.2% to 19.6% after 12h incubation under identical conditions. An estimation of alkyl sulfatase activity indicated that the activity varied from 0.168 ± 0.004 to 0.024 ± 0.005 μmol SDS/mg protein/min. Molecular characterization of these isolates was performed on the basis of ARDRA and ERIC PCR, which indicated that these isolates were broadly divided in 8 groups. Some selected isolates were identified on the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing. It was found that these isolates belonged to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas mendocina, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas otitidis respectively. Among these isolates P. aeruginosa, P. putida and P. otitidis have been previously shown to degrade and metabolize SDS, the rest of the isolates appear to be new. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Efficient removal of endocrine disrupting compounds 17 α-ethynyl estradiol and 17 β-estradiol by Enterobacter sp. strain BHUBP7 and elucidation of the degradation pathway by HRAMS analysis
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Chandra Prakash; Vivek Kumar; Venkatesh Chaturvedi
Owing to the increased population and their overuse, estrogens are being detected in the environment at alarming levels. They act as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC’s) posing adverse effects on animals and humans. In this study, a strain belonging to Enterobacter sp. strain BHUBP7 was recovered from a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) situated in Varanasi city, U.P., India, and was capable of metabolizing both 17 α-Ethynylestradiol (EE2) and 17 β-Estradiol (E2) separately as a sole carbon source. The strain BHUBP7 exhibited high rates of E2 degradation as compared to EE2 degradation. The degradation of E2 (10 mg/L) was 94.3% after four days of incubation, whereas the degradation of EE2 (10 mg/L) under similar conditions was 98% after seven days of incubation. The kinetics of EE2 and E2 degradation fitted well with the first-order reaction rate. FTIR analysis revealed the involvement of functional groups like C = O, C–C, C–OH during the degradation process. The metabolites generated during degradation of EE2 and E2 were identified using HRAMS and a plausible pathway was elucidated. It was observed that metabolism of both E2 and EE2 proceeded with the formation of estrone, which was then hydroxylated to 4-hydroxy estrone, followed by ring opening at the C4–C5 position, and was further metabolized by the 4,5 seco pathway leading to the formation of 3-(7a-methyl-1,5-dioxooctahydro-1H-inden-4-yl) propanoic acid (HIP). It is the first report on the complete pathway of EE2 and E2 degradation in Enterobacter sp. strain BHUBP7. Moreover, the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) during the degradation of EE2 and E2 was observed. It was concluded that both hormones elicited the generation of oxidative stress in the bacterium during the degradation process. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Fabrication of silver nanoparticles from leaf extract of Butea monosperma (Flame of forest) and their inhibitory effect on bloom-forming cyanobacteria
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2015) Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Pradeep Verma
Background: Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) are used extensively in areas such as medicine, catalysis, electronics, environmental science, and biotechnology. Therefore, facile synthesis of SNPs from an eco-friendly, inexpensive source is a prerequisite. In the present study, fabrication of SNPs from the leaf extract of Butea monosperma (Flame of Forest) has been performed. SNPs were synthesized from 1% leaf extract solution and characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanism of SNP formation was studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and anti-algal properties of SNPs on selected toxic cyanobacteria were evaluated. Results: TEM analysis indicated that size distribution of SNPs was under 5 to 30 nm. FTIR analysis indicated the role of amide I and II linkages present in protein in the reduction of silver ions. SNPs showed potent anti-algal properties on two cyanobacteria, namely, Anabaena spp. and Cylindrospermum spp. At a concentration of 800 μg/ml of SNPs, maximum anti-algal activity was observed in both cyanobacteria. Conclusions: This study clearly demonstrates that small-sized, stable SNPs can be synthesized from the leaf extract of B. monosperma. SNPs can be effectively employed for removal of toxic cyanobacteria. © 2015 Chaturvedi and Verma.
Feather degradation potential of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KB13 and feather protein hydrolysate (FPH) mediated reduction of hexavalent chromium
(Springer Verlag, 2016) Khushboo Bhange; Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Renu Bhatt
An efficient keratinolytic strain of Stenorophomonas maltophilia KB13 was isolated from feather disposal site of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India. The strain could metabolize 10 g/l chicken feathers as sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Soluble protein, amino acid, and cysteine content were found to be maximum (690.6 ± 8.7, 688.9 ± 9.12 and 21 ± 0.36 µg/ml, respectively) at late logarithmic phase of growth. Protease and keratinase activity reached its maximum level (103.26 ± 7.09 and 178.5 ± 9.10 U/ml) at the 4th day of incubation. The feather protein hydrolysate (FPH) obtained after degradation of chicken feathers was utilized to reduce hexavalent chromium. About 78.4 ± 2.4 and 63.6 ± 2.2 % reduction of 50 and 100 mg/l Cr(VI), respectively, was observed after 60 min of incubation with FPH. Further, there was no effect of autoclaved FPH on Cr(VI) reduction indicating that any bacterial enzyme was not involved in reduction process. Cr(VI) reduction was significantly inhibited by 10 mm Hg2+ ions indicating the role of sulfur-containing amino acids in reduction process. FTIR analysis confirmed that chromium reduction occurred due to oxidation of amino acids cysteine and cystine. This study shows that FPH arising after feather degradation can be employed as a potential candidate for the reduction of hexavalant chromium. © 2016, The Author(s).
Feather Protein Hydrolysate mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and assessment of anti-microbial potential of silver nanoparticle-treated silk cloth
(National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, 2023) Khushboo Bhange; Ravi Ranjan Kumar; Prabhakar Singh; Venkatesh Chaturvedi
In this study, we have performed green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Feather Protein Hydrolysate (FPH) formed by degradation of chicken feathers by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KB13. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by techniques such as, UV-Vis Spectroscopy, Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) respectively. TEM and SEM-EDS confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles. The size range was found to be 20-40 nm. FTIR analysis suggested the role of amino acids and proteins present in FPH during the synthesis process. XRD analysis of silver nanoparticles confirmed the formation metallic silver nanoparticles with the average size of 29.957 nm. The antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles was also studied on clinically relevant pathogenic bacteria. These nanoparticles exhibited excellent anti-microbial properties. The antimicrobial property of silver nanoparticles was employed for the rescue of silk cloth from microbial deterioration. © 2023, National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research. All rights reserved.
Isolation of sodium dodecyl sulfate degrading strains from a detergent polluted pond situated in Varanasi city, India; [Sodyum dodesil sülfat yıkan suşların Varanasi şehri, Hindistan'da deterjan kirliliǧi olan göletten izolasyonu]
(Halic Universitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakultesi, 2010) Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Ashok Kumar
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) is one of the most widely used anionic detergent in households and in industry. After use it is discharged in large amounts in water systems like ponds and rivers etc. It is now well established that SDS is toxic to the health and survival of aquatic organisms. So, in the present study, we have made an attempt to isolate and identify SDS degrading bacteria from detergent contaminated ponds situated in Varanasi city, India. Using enrichment technique in minimal medium containing SDS as a sole carbon source, initially six SDS degrading isolates where recovered. However, only two isolates where found to be efficient degraders of SDS. These isolates where identified as P. alcaligenes and P. mendocina respectively. These isolates can be exploited for bioremediation of this detergent from water systems.
Metabolism Dependent Chemotaxis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa N1 Towards Anionic Detergent Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
(Springer India, 2014) Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Ashok Kumar
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is one of the most commonly used detergent, which exhibits excellent biocidal activity against various bacteria and fungi. It is commonly employed in many detergent formulations and is employed for disinfection purposes. It is shown to be toxic to fishes, aquatic animals and is also inhibitory to microbes and cyanobacteria. We had isolated a strain belonging to Pseudomonas aeruginosa N1, from a detergent contaminated pond situated in Varanasi city India, which was able to degrade and metabolize SDS as a source of carbon. In the present investigation, we have studied chemotactic response of this strain towards SDS. The results clearly indicate that this strain showed chemotactic response towards SDS. The nature of chemotaxis was found to be metabolism dependent as glucose grown cells showed a delayed chemotactic response towards SDS. This is first study that reported chemotaxis response for P. aeruginosa towards anionic detergent SDS. © 2013, Association of Microbiologists of India.
Microbial fuel cell: a green approach for the utilization of waste for the generation of bioelectricity
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2016) Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Pradeep Verma
Today we are witnessing a global energy crisis due to huge energy demands and limited resources. Non-renewable energy sources are depleting and renewable energy sources are not properly utilized. There is an immediate need for search of alternate routes for energy generation. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology, which uses microorganisms to transform chemical energy of organic compounds into electricity is considered a promising alternative. Extensive studies have corroborated new insights into MFC, which show that a wide array of carbon sources including wastes can be employed using a variety of microbes. Consequently, microbial transformation of wastes using novel bioremediation strategies such as MFC for energy generation is considered as an efficient and environmentally benign approach. This paper deals with critical review of different classes of xenobiotics and wastes that can be employed for bioenergy generation, microorganisms involved, power output, major benefits, challenges and pit holes of MFC technology. © 2016, The Author(s).
Optimization of protein extraction protocol for 2D PAGE analysis of biofilm forming strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(2012) Venkatesh Chaturvedi; Ashok Kumar
In the present investigation, protein extraction protocol for biofilm forming strain of P. aeruginosa has been optimized. It was observed that conventional TCA/Acetone precipitation method was insufficient for 2D PAGE analysis. So, a slight modification in protein extraction protocol has been made to make it suitable for 2D PAGE analysis. This protocol appears to be suitable for 2D PAGE analysis of mucoid, biofilms forming strains. © 2012 University of Bucharest Printed in Romania.