Browsing by Author "Vijay Kumar Sharma"

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Additives and Nutritional Supplements for Transition Cows
(Springer Singapore, 2024) Dilshad Kour; Divya Sharma; Vijay Kumar Sharma; M.S. Mahesh
Peri-partum/transition period is a hypercritical phase with respect to physiological and metabolic adaptions in dairy cows to cope with the growing nutritional demands of the fetus as well as the ensuing lactation immediately post-calving. Hence, nutritional governance during this timescale is of utmost note to deal with any possible ongoing metabolic dysfunctions. Feeding management during transition period regulates the milk yield, subsequent reproductive structure, overall well-being of the animal and consequently economic returns to dairy enterprises. While the milk yield peaks around 4–8 weeks post-partum, the dry matter intake starts increasing gradually and peaks around 10–15 weeks post-partum, and thus creating a 6–8 week stretch of negative energy balance. Besides managing energy status, the present chapter identifies a range of additives and supplements critical for integrated nutritional management to successfully transition dairy cows through multifactorial peri-parturient stress. Furthermore, the practical insights on the necessary nutritional strategies of both pre-and post-partum transition are dealt in a comprehensive way. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
An insight into the molecular docking interactions of plant secondary metabolites with virulent factors causing common human diseases
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Ajay Kumar; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh; Chandra Kant; Amit Kishore Singh; Vijay Tripathi; Kalpna Singh; Vijay Kumar Sharma; Joginder Singh
Plant natural products or secondary metabolites have gained significant attention globally because of discoveries of semi-synthetic drugs novel bioactive compounds. Currently, a large part of global population relies on natural products to cure ailments and even chronic diseases and to enhance their immune system. Interestingly, the commonly used drugs for the treatment of some common human diseases like cancer, ulcer, tuberculosis, asthma, etc., have been reported to be of plant origin and recognized to elicit beneficial effects in virulent factors of diseases in vivo and in vitro. The herbal drugs are economical and considered as safe upto certain extent from major side effects. But, still there is need of rapid collection, characterization, taxonomy, certification, and storage for broad, efficient and effective use in drug design or discovery. In this review, we summarized the plants derived secondary metabolites used in treating common human diseases and emphasised the protein-ligand interactions between virulent factors of diseases namely Insulin, p53, Proteasome-associated ATPase, Enterotoxin, Choleragen, IgE with secondary metabolites Aloin, Sesamin, Alliin, Flavanon, Salannin Octyl-β-d-Glucopyranoside of plants respectively, through molecular docking. This study will play a valuable and effective role in drug designing and screening plant-derived metabolites for drug designing. © 2021 SAAB
Deciphering the role of endophytic microbiome in postharvest diseases management of fruits: Opportunity areas in commercial up-scale production
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Madhuree Kumari; Kamal A. Qureshi; Mariusz Jaremko; James White; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Vijay Kumar Sharma; Kshitij Kumar Singh; Gustavo Santoyo; Gerardo Puopolo; Ajay Kumar
As endophytes are widely distributed in the plant’s internal compartments and despite having enormous potential as a biocontrol agent against postharvest diseases of fruits, the fruit–endophyte–pathogen interactions have not been studied detail. Therefore, this review aims to briefly discuss the colonization patterns of endophytes and pathogens in the host tissue, the diversity and distribution patterns of endophytes in the carposphere of fruits, and host–endophyte–pathogen interactions and the molecular mechanism of the endophytic microbiome in postharvest disease management in fruits. Postharvest loss management is one of the major concerns of the current century. It is considered a critical challenge to food security for the rising global population. However, to manage the postharvest loss, still, a large population relies on chemical fungicides, which affect food quality and are hazardous to health and the surrounding environment. However, the scientific community has searched for alternatives for the last two decades. In this context, endophytic microorganisms have emerged as an economical, sustainable, and viable option to manage postharvest pathogens with integral colonization properties and eliciting a defense response against pathogens. This review extensively summarizes recent developments in endophytic interactions with harvested fruits and pathogens—the multiple biocontrol traits of endophytes and colonization and diversity patterns of endophytes. In addition, the upscale commercial production of endophytes for postharvest disease treatment is discussed. Copyright © 2022 Kumari, Qureshi, Jaremko, White, Singh, Sharma, Singh, Santoyo, Puopolo and Kumar.
Effect of the Histone Methyltransferase Specific Probe BRD4770 on Metabolic Profiling of the Endophytic Fungus Diaporthe longicolla
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Jay Hind Nishad; Arti Singh; Rajnish Bharti; Priyanka Prajapati; Vijay Kumar Sharma; Vijai Kumar Gupta; Ravindra Nath Kharwar
The endophytic fungus Diaporthe longicolla was isolated from the stem of Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Willd., commonly known as Ashok plant in India and Sri Lanka. Since no reports are available regarding epigenetic modulations by BRD4770 in microbial entities, D. longicolla was treated with different concentrations of BRD4770 for this purpose and evaluated for its antioxidant and antibacterial potential against five human pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Shigella boydii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. The crude extract obtained from cultures treated with 100 nM concentration of BRD4770 showed increased antioxidant activity and inhibition zone against S. aureus and MRSA, compared to the non-treated control. The composition of the non-treated and treated crude extract was analyzed, and induced compounds were identified with the help of Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and LC-ESI-MS/MS. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis showed that berberine (antibacterial)-, caffeine-, and theobromine (antioxidant)-like compounds were induced in the BRD4770-treated crude extract. The presence of particular absorbance at a wavelength of 346.5 nm for berberine, 259.4 nm for caffeine, and 278.4 nm for theobromine in the reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of both BRD4770-treated crude metabolites and standard solution of the above compounds strongly supported the increased antibacterial and antioxidant activities that may be due to inducing the alterations in bioactivities of the BRD4770-treated culture. © Copyright © 2021 Nishad, Singh, Bharti, Prajapati, Sharma, Gupta and Kharwar.
Isolation and functional characterization of a fungal plant symbiont Nigrospora sphaerica, associated to Euphorbia hirta L.
(Springer, 2022) Veer Singh Gautam; Jay Hind Nishad; Puja Kumari; Arti Singh; Satish Kumar Verma; Vijay Kumar Sharma; Jitendra Kumar; Ravindra Nath Kharwar
The endophytic fungi are the endosymbiont which play important role in improving host plant fitness and source of plethora of bioactive molecules. Present study includes the assessment of antimicrobial activity, phytochemical analysis and enzymes activity of fungal endophyte EHL2, isolated from leaf tissues of an Indian medicinal plant Euphorbia hirta L. The fungus exhibited the antibacterial and antifungal activities against a broad range of bacterial and fungal pathogens. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the isolation and characterization of endophytic fungus Nigrospora sphaerica (EHL2) recovered from E. hirta L. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the crude extract against pathogenic bacteria ranged from 0.45 to 3.14 mg/ml. For antifungal ativity of fungus, the highest percentage of inhibition was observed against Colletotrichum sp. (33.78%) while, minimum activity was noticed against Alternaria solani (16.60%). Preliminary mycochemical analysis revealed the positive tests for alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids and terpenoids. The results showed that the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of crude extracts were 78.11 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g and 235.94 ± 3.06 mg RE/g, respectively. Furthermore, the fungus also produced amylase, cellulase, protease and laccase enzymes. In conclusion, these positive results of mycochemicals and enzymes activity displayed by N. sphaerica of E. hirta provide an opportunity which could be exploited for host protection against pathogens and enzyme production. © 2022, Indian Phytopathological Society.
Microbial Inoculants: Recent Progress and Applications
(Elsevier, 2023) Vijay Kumar Sharma; Ajay Kumar; Michel Rodrigo Zambrano Passarini; Shobhika Parmar; Vipin Kumar Singh
In the recent past, beneficial microorganisms have been sustainably used in agriculture as a safe, economic, and effective alternative to chemical fertilizers or pesticides. These beneficial microbes, including bacteria, actinomycetes, and yeast, were efficiently applied in soil, seeds, fruits, or plants as inoculants, to achieve the optimum agricultural yield. An efficient delivery method or enhanced shelf life of microbial inoculants in the soil or seed is still a matter of concern. The response of local genetic or ecological factors, after microbial applications, are also unknown and less studied. Therefore, Microbial Inoculants: Recent Progress and Applications fulfills the need to explore and learn about an efficient delivery mechanism, selection of microbial strain as inoculants, and related technological advances, for the efficient and productive use of microbial inoculants. Moreover, factors like methods of formulation, interaction between host plant and microbe, impact of inoculation on the metabolomics of plants, the effect of microbial inoculants on soil dynamics, proteomics approach of plant-microbe interaction, as well as the registration and regulation process of bio inoculants for commercial production are described in 16 chapters by the leading academicians and researchers from different parts of the world. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Mycosynthesis of bactericidal silver and polymorphic gold nanoparticles: Physicochemical variation effects and mechanism
(Future Medicine Ltd., 2018) Dheeraj Kumar Singh; Jitendra Kumar; Vijay Kumar Sharma; Satish Kumar Verma; Arti Singh; Puja Kumari; Ravindra Nath Kharwar
Aim: Extracellular synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using aqueous cell-free filtrate (CFF) of endophytic Chaetomium globosum and characterization of its bioactive proteins. Methods: Temperature and pH gradients were used to assess their effects on dimensions of NPs. NPs were tested in vivo for antibacterial activity. MALDI-TOF-MS/MS was used for characterization of CFF proteins. Results: Fungal CFF fabricated nanoparticles of various shape under varied physicochemical conditions. Silver nanoparticles showed significantly (p ≤ 0.5) enhanced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae compared with AgNO3. Two prominent CFF proteins showed homology with benzoate 4-monooxygenase cytochrome P450 and ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase. Conclusion: The study achieved controlled mycosynthesis of NPs and explains the hitherto poorly known mechanism of reduction, stabilization and antibacterial activity of nanoparticles. © 2018 Future Medicine Ltd.
Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of an endophytic Fusarium proliferatum (ACQR8), isolated from a folk medicinal plant Cissus quadrangularis L.
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Arti Singh; Jitendra Kumar; Vijay Kumar Sharma; Dheeraj Kumar Singh; Puja Kumari; Jay Hind Nishad; Veer Singh Gautam; Ravindra Nath Kharwar
The endophytic fungi are an important source of bioactive natural products. This study includes evaluation of antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of endophytic fungus ACQR8, recovered from the root tissues of a folk medicinal plant Cissus quadrangularis L., which was identified as Fusarium proliferatum by microscopic and molecular methods. The fungus showed broad spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activities against variety of important plant and human pathogens. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to record antifungal activity of any endophytic Fusarium sp. against phytopathogens Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and the dermatophytes Trichophyton mentagrophyte and Microsporum gypseum. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the crude extract ranged from 40–120 µg/ml against pathogenic bacteria and 0.2–2.5 mg/ml against fungal pathogens. Besides, this study probably is also the first to document the phytochemical constituents of an endophytic Fusarium sp. Phytochemical testing and GC-MS (gas chromatography- mass spectrometry) analysis revealed the presence of fatty acids and its derivatives, phenolics, terpenoids and unsaturated alkenes in the crude extract which scientifically validates the highly promising antibacterial and antifungal activity exhibited by endophytic isolate ACQR8. © 2021 SAAB
Preface
(Elsevier, 2023) Vijay Kumar Sharma; Ajay Kumar; Michel Rodrigo Zambrano Passarini; Shobhika Parmar; Vipin Kumar Singh
[No abstract available]
Quantifying the fertility status and relationship between soil properties under major tea estates of North-western Himalaya
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Ankit Gill; Vijay Kumar Sharma; Ravinder Singh Chandel; Purushottam Dev; Vikas Gill; Praveen Thakur
Tea is being grown on the gentle slopes of Himachal Pradesh located in the north-western region of mighty Himalaya, since 1850s. However, degrading soil health due to rampant usage of agrochemicals, and long-run tea cultivation adversely affects the productivity potential of the region. Analyzing soil-nutrient status is of great value to meet the crop nutrient demand. The research aimed to identify the vulnerable soil properties and their assessment for soil restoration under major tea estates of the North-western Himalaya. The study examined the physico-chemical and biological properties of soils of 37 tea estates. The large variation among different sites for physical parameters signifies the textural difference between the sites under study. Meanwhile, the soil pH of tea estates varied from extremely acidic to slightly acidic reaction, with an overall pH (H2O) of 5.33 in the top soils and 5.47 in the subsoils. High OC (13.35 g kg−1) under overall soil depth of tea estates presumably correlated with higher concentration of available nutrients, i.e. N (r = 0.641), K (r = 0.492), and S (r = 0.623) alongside exchangeable Ca (r = 0.724) and Mg (r = 0.718). The substrate carbon availability due to higher amount of organic matter in the top soils (16.1 g kg−1) leads to increased biological activity (MBC and DHA) in the surface soils as compared to subsoils. The unscientific approach of fertilizer application led to huge variability in green leaf yield across different tea estates. Thus, to achieve higher yield, it should be necessary to adopt nutrient application in a judicial manner in the tea plantations. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Relationship between light intensity and phase resetting in a mammalian circadian system
(1999) Vijay Kumar Sharma; Maroli K. Chandrashekaran; Muniyandi Singaravel; Ramanujam Subbaraj
The light-induced phase-resetting response of the locomotor activity rhythm in the field mouse Mus booduga was studied at two phases of the circadian cycle known to respond to light stimuli of 15 min duration and 1000 lux intensity with maximum advance (at circadian time 20 [CT20]) and maximum delay phase-shifts (at CT15). The phase-shifts evoked by natural daylight stimuli of various illuminations ranging between 0.001 lux and 10,000 lux and lasting 15 min were estimated. The results clearly demonstrate that the relationship between the phase-shifts and the intensities of light stimuli is nonlinear. Furthermore, a single light stimulus of 0.001 lux, or 0.1 lux intensity for a duration of 15 min, administered at CT20, evoked unequivocal responses; phase delays were observed instead of phase advances. The critical intensities needed for light stimuli of 15 min duration to induce saturating response were calculated and were found to be about 100 lux for CT20 and about 500 lux for CT15. These results suggest that a greater intensity of light is required at the phase CT15 to induce a saturating phase shift than is required at a later phase of the circadian cycle (CT20).
Synthesis and Characterization of Antimicrobial Silver Nanoparticles by an Endophytic Fungus Isolated from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
(Springer, 2020) Surendra Kumar Gond; Ashish Mishra; Satish Kumar Verma; Vijay Kumar Sharma; Ravindra Nath Kharwar
Biofabrication of metal nanoparticles is a cost-effective, one-step and ecofriendly technique. Cell filtrate of an endophytic fungus isolated from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis was challenged with 1 mM solution of AgNO3 for the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis. A reduction of silver ions into AgNPs was observed by surface plasmon resonance at absorption maxima 422 nm. The average size of AgNPs was 35.05 nm. The maximum inhibition zones by AgNPs were 14 mm each against E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to AgNO3 solution used as control (10 mm and 9 mm). The fungus was identified as Phomopsis helianthi by the sequencing of ITS region of rDNA. This experiment demonstrates a single-step and ecofriendly method for biosynthesis of AgNPs and their usage as an antimicrobial agent. © 2019, The National Academy of Sciences, India.
The potential application of endophytes in management of stress from drought and salinity in crop plants
(MDPI AG, 2021) Hariom Verma; Dharmendra Kumar; Vinod Kumar; Madhuree Kumari; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Vijay Kumar Sharma; Samir Droby; Gustavo Santoyo; James F. White; Ajay Kumar
Endophytic microorganisms present inside the host plant play an essential role in host fitness, nutrient supply and stress tolerance. Endophytes are often used in sustainable agriculture as biofertilizers, biopesticides and as inoculants to mitigate abiotic stresses including salinity, drought, cold and pH variation in the soil. In changing climatic conditions, abiotic stresses create global challenges to achieve optimum crop yields in agricultural production. Plants experience stress conditions that involve endogenous boosting of their immune system or the overexpression of their defensive redox regulatory systems with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, rising stress factors overwhelm the natural redox protection systems of plants, which leads to massive internal oxidative damage and death. Endophytes are an integral internal partner of hosts and have been shown to mitigate abiotic stresses via modulating local or systemic mechanisms and producing antioxidants to counteract ROS in plants. Advancements in omics and other technologies have been made, but potential application of endophytes remains largely unrealized. In this review article, we will discuss the diversity, population and interaction of endophytes with crop plants as well as potential applications in abiotic stress management. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Timely administration of melatonin accelerates reentrainment to phase- shifted light-dark cycles in the field mouse Mus booduga
(Marcel Dekker Inc., 1999) Vijay Kumar Sharma; Muniyandi Singaravel; Ramanujam Subbaraj; Maroli K. Chandrashekaran
The effect of melatonin on the rate of reentrainment after a 6h phase delay and a 6h phase advance in the light-dark (LD) cycle was assayed in the nocturnal field mouse Mus booduga. After a phase delay of 6h in the LD cycle, a single dose of melatonin (1 mg/kg) was administered for three consecutive days at about CT4 (circadian time 4). After a phase advance of 6h in the LD cycle, melatonin was administered for three consecutive days at about CT22. Melatonin was found to accelerate reentrainment in both cases. Melatonin- treated animals took significantly fewer cycles to reentrain compared to vehicle-treated (50% dimethylsulfoxide [DMSO]) and nontreated control animals.
Ultraviolet light-induced phase response curve for the locomotor activity rhythm of the field mouse Mus booduga
(1999) Vijay Kumar Sharma; Muniyandi Singaravel; Ramanujam Subbaraj
[No abstract available]