Browsing by Author "Vijay Kumar Shukla"

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A swollen middle finger in a middle-aged farmer.
(2012) Somprakas Basu; Shilpi Bhadani; Vijay Kumar Shukla
Hand tumors are not common and a swollen finger poses considerable diagnostic dilemma. We present a case of a middle-aged farmer who had presented with a painless swelling of the middle finger of the right hand without any neurovascular deficit or evidence of metastasis. An X-ray of the finger showed cortical expansion and bony erosion of the proximal phalanx. A fine needle aspiration cytological examination was inconclusive. He underwent a digit amputation in view of subsequent morbidity and chances of recurrence following local excision. Biopsy proved it to be a giant cell tumor of the proximal phalanx. Following six months of treatment he is doing well. We herein highlight an unusual tumor of the finger and its diagnostic and treatment challenges.
Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma-Are we forcing a milestone?
(2011) Somprakas Basu; Vijay Kumar Shukla
Survival for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is low and the role of adjuvant therapy remains controversial, with the European studies indicating survival benefit of chemotherapy over chemoradiation, whereas the American reports indicate an undoubted benefit with chemoradiation. Whatever is the mode of adjuvant care, two things are obvious in the management of this disease: surgery is the mainstay of treatment and a complete resection is the only hope of cure. Secondly, irrespective of the adjuvant treatment modality, survival advantage is limited and five-year survival has failed to reach that of other malignancies. The mixed results obtained from the various adjuvant therapy trials indicate that a uniform protocol is yet to be reached. A milestone is said to have been reached when a treatment or a treatment modality revolutionizes the outcome of a disease. As of now the adjuvant treatment in pancreatic adenocarcinoma is still evolving. Maybe a fresh look is needed at the biological aspect of the disease to add a new thought in its management, as has happened with other human malignancies. © 2011 Surgical Associates Ltd.
An appraisal of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF): the dynamic molecule of wound healing and its current clinical applications
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Aakansha Giri Goswami; Somprakas Basu; Farhanul Huda; Jayanti Pant; Amrita Ghosh Kar; Tuhina Banerjee; Vijay Kumar Shukla
Angiogenesis is a critical step of wound healing, and its failure leads to chronic wounds. The idea of restoring blood flow to the damaged tissues by promoting neo-angiogenesis is lucrative and has been researched extensively. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key dynamic molecule of angiogenesis has been investigated for its functions. In this review, we aim to appraise its biology, the comprehensive role of this dynamic molecule in the wound healing process, and how this knowledge has been translated in clinical application in various types of wounds. Although, most laboratory research on the use of VEGF is promising, its clinical applications have not met great expectations. We discuss various lacunae that might exist in making its clinical application unsuccessful for commercial use, and provide insight to the foundation for future research. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
An in vivo wound model utilizing bacteriophage therapy of pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms
(Cliggott Publishing Co., 2015) Somprakas Basu; Manav Agarwal; Satyanam Kumar Bhartiya; Gopal Nath; Vijay Kumar Shukla
Bacteriophages have been used as effective therapy against bacterial biofilms on devices such as catheters, in the lungs such as in cystic fibrosis, and even in infected food. Unlike antibiotics, they are bacteria-specific and produce the desired effect without systemic complications; they can develop bacterial resistance, although in ways different from antibiotics. The present study aimed to assess the effect of bacteriophages against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a mouse wound model. P. aeruginosa obtained from laboratory culture of burn wounds were characterized, harvested, and titrated, and biofilms were generated on sterile catheter sections (105 colony forming units/mL). Subcutaneous pockets were created on the backs of 24 male albino mice. Animals were randomized into 4 groups of 6 each. After evaluating a significant phage-bacteria interaction in vitro, 2 biofilm-laden catheter sections were implanted in subcutaneous pockets in mouse groups C and D. Sterile catheter sections only were implanted in group B. Group A had only a subcutaneous pocket without any catheter section. Phage cocktail solutions (10 μL of 107 phage forming units/mL) were injected daily in group D pockets only. Groups B and C received 10 μL of normal saline. After 10 days, the catheter sections were explanted from groups B, C, and D and tissue biopsy was taken from group A pockets and cultured for bacterial and phage colony counts. A significant drop in bacterial counts from 3.87×106 to 3.52×104 was observed in group D when compared with group C (3.87×106 to 3.85×105, P <0.05) A significant rise in the phage counts from 1×107 to 6.81×108 (P <0.05) also was observed in group D when compared with the baseline counts, indicating active phage proliferation and successful bacterial kill in group D. The present laboratory study could be indicative of a new treatment approach for multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, including wound infections.
Analysis of SET and MYND Domain-Containing Protein 3 (SMYD3) Expression in Gallbladder Cancer: a Pilot Study
(Springer, 2021) Pushkar Chandra; Ruhi Dixit; Arvind Pratap; Suman Mishra; Rajnikant Mishra; Vijay Kumar Shukla
The Suvar, Enhancer of zeste, and Trithorax (SET) and myeloid-Nervy-DEAF-1 (MYND) domain-containing protein 3 (SMYD3) is a histone lysine methyltransferase and has been recently unveiled to play significant roles in the progression of human cancer via regulating various key cancer-associated genes and pathways. The role of SMYD3 in gallbladder cancer (GBC) still needs to be studied. In the present study, we examined the SMYD3 gene expression at mRNA and protein level to look its impact on risk for developing gallbladder carcinogenesis. SMYD3 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) from 30 cases each of GBC and cholelithiasis patients. The expression was compared with different clinicopathological parameters. The SMYD3 expression was found to be significantly upregulated in GBC than cholelithiasis group (p < 0.05). The SMYD3 with increased expression level was observed in 73.3% of the GBC cases (p < 0.05). Moreover, mRNA SMYD3 expression was observed in 73.3% of GBC and 10% of control (p < 0.05). Our results indicated that the overexpression of SMYD3 plays an important role in the GBC progression, and SMYD3 may represent useful biomarker for gallbladder cancer patients. © 2020, Indian Association of Surgical Oncology.
Anatomical variation in origin and course of the thoracoacromial trunk and its branches.
(2004) Shashi Kant Pandey; Vijay Kumar Shukla
The variations in origin and course of the thoracoacromial trunk (TAT) and its branches were studied in 178 cadavers during the routine dissection from the year 1982 to 2002. The TAT originated from the first part of the axillary artery (AA) in 13.4% cases of the right and 10.6% of the left axilla. The variations in origin of the branches of TAT were divided into three groups. First variation group showed deltoacromial (DA) and clavipectoral (CP) subtrunks of the TAT originating directly from the AA in majority of cases. Second group revealed clavicular branch of the TAT originating from the AA, whereas in the third group all classical branches originated directly from the AA and there was no existence of the TAT. The superior thoracic artery (STA) originated from the TAT in 16.8% (Confidence Interval, CI: 11.12-21.89) cases of the right and 6.1% (CI: 2.59-9.53) of the left axilla and the lateral thoracic artery in 39.8% (CI: 32.01-46.10) cases of the right and 29.3% (CI: 15.01-26.80) of the left axilla. The incidence of variations in origin of the TAT and its branches was found higher on right side. The knowledge of these variations is of anatomical and surgical interest. This information is useful for the surgeons dealing with the axillary region especially in case of reconstructive surgery.
Antisense RNAs (asRNAs) as key players in gallbladder cancer progression: a bioinformatics analysis
(Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, 2025) Monika Rajput; Ruhi Dixit; Manoj Pandey; Vijay Kumar Shukla
Aim: This study reports differential expression of Antisense RNAs (asRNAs) by analyzing transcriptomic profiles in gallbladder cancer (GBC). Background: asRNAs play crucial roles in developing various tumors. However, the presence and biological mechanism of asRNAs in GBC development are still unknown. Methods: Differentially expressed asRNAs (DE-asRNAs) were systematically identified from RNA sequencing data \ from ten GBC patients. Functional enrichment analysis was performed, followed by the identification of mRNAs targeted by asRNAs and the construction of a gene regulatory network of asRNAs targeting mRNAs. Results: Of the 891 asRNAs identified, 17 DE-asRNAs were statistically significant. Out of 17, 12 asRNAs were upregulated, and five asRNAs were downregulated. Functional enrichment analysis showed their role in methylation and developmental processes. Of the 17 asRNAs, 14 are novel (UNC5B-AS1, SLC2A1-AS1, BBOX1-AS1, SOX21-AS1, ELFN1-AS1, TRPM2-AS, DNAH17-AS1, DCST1AS1, VPS9D1-AS1, MIR1-1HG-AS1, HAND2-AS1, PGM5P4-AS1, PGM5P3-AS1, and MAGI2-AS). Enrichment analysis of asRNAs with target mRNAs showed enrichment in biological regulation and developmental processes involved in the PI3K, p53, apoptosis, and VEGF signaling pathways. Conclusion: This study identified 14 asRNAs for the first time and showed that asRNAs targeting mRNAs strongly associated with tumor development in GBC through the PI3KCA and TP53 pathways. © 2025, Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench (GHFBB). This is an open-access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by nc/4.0/) which permits others to copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited.
Arginase activity in carcinoma of the gallbladder: A pilot study
(2009) Vijay Kumar Shukla; Ashutosh Tandon; Braja Kishor Ratha; Deborshi Sharma; Tej Bali Singh; Somprakas Basu
Carcinoma of the gallbladder is the third most common cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent studies have shown increased arginase activity in various malignancies. The main aim of this study was to evaluate whether arginase activity increases in carcinoma of the gallbladder. The arginase activity was evaluated in serum and gallbladder tissue in 22 patients with histologically proven carcinoma of the gallbladder and 20 patients with cholecystitis using spectrophotometry and western blot assay. The Student's t-test, analysis of variance, and Student-Newman-Keuls test were used for comparison of data and for statistical significance. The mean tissue arginase and serum arginase activity (118.64±17.45 and 15.91±1.91, respectively) in cases of carcinoma of the gallbladder were significantly higher in comparison with cholecystitis (86.37±4.45 and 12.73±0.72, respectively). Subgroup analysis showed stage III gallbladder carcinoma had the maximum tissue arginase activity (142.00±21.68 U/g of tissue) followed by stage II (124.15±19.88) and stage I (108.46±6.73). This significant rise in mean tissue arginase and serum arginase activity in patients with gallbladder cancer probably supports an association between arginase activity and the malignancy. © 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
Articular branch of the axillary artery and its clinical implication.
(2003) Shashi Kant Pandey; Satyanaryan Shamal; Sushil Kumar; Vijay Kumar Shukla
Origin and course of the articular branch of the axillary artery was recorded in 151 (43.9%) out of 344 axilla during the routine dissection. The branch was observed in 60.5% right side and 39.4% left side of male axilla, whereas in 55.5% right and 44.4% left side of female axilla and the difference was found significant (P < 0.001) among the gender. The orientation of the articular branch on right and left side was of similar proportion in both the sexes. The articular branch entered into the shoulder joint either upper, middle or lower part of the capsule of joint. This articular branch originated mostly from the lateral aspect of second part of the axillary artery below to the origin of the lateral thoracic artery. This is a rare observation and is of importance to clinicians dealing with the shoulder joint.
Association of carcinoma of the gallbladder with typhoid carriage in a typhoid endemic area using nested PCR.
(2008) Gopal Nath; Yogesh Kumar Singh; Kailash Kumar; Anil Kumar Gulati; Vijay Kumar Shukla; Ajay Kumar Khanna; Sunil Kumar Tripathi; Ashok Kumar Jain; Mohan Kumar; Tej Bali Singh
Although well studied the association between chronic typhoid carrier state and carcinoma of the gallbladder (CaGB) remains unproven. The study was performed at a tertiary care medical center in North India and involved 52 patients with CaGB, 223 patients with benign gallbladder diseases, 508 healthy individuals and, 424 corpses. For the detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, hepatobiliary specimens were subjected to DNA extraction for specific nested- PCR amplification of the S. Typhi flagellin gene. Anti-Vi S. Typhi antibodies were detected in serum samples from patients by indirect haemagglutination. Thirty five of the 52 (67.3%) CaGB patients were PCR-positive for the S. Typhi flagellin gene; significantly higher than for patients with benign gallbladder diseases (95/223, 42.6%; p<0.01) and corpses (35/424, 8.2%; p<0.001). The numbers of individuals that had significant anti-Vi antibody titres (> or = 160) in their serum were 20/52 (38.5%) for CaGB patients, 31/223 (13.9%) for patients with benign gallbladder diseases, and 47/508 (9.2%) for healthy individuals. Specific nested-PCR amplification of the S. Typhi flagellin gene in hepato-biliary specimens was more sensitive for detection of S. Typhi carriage than anti-Vi antibody titres in serum. The results demonstrate an association between typhoid carriage and gallbladder diseases, both CaGB and benign. S. Typhi specific immunosuppression is also suggested in patients with gallbladder diseases.
Association of Methylenetetrahydrafolate Reductase Gene Polymorphism (MTHFR) in Patients with Gallbladder Cancer
(Humana Press Inc., 2016) Ruhi Dixit; Gyanendra Singh; Manoj Pandey; Somprakas Basu; Satyanam Kumar Bhartiya; K.K. Singh; Vijay Kumar Shukla
Purpose: 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme in folate metabolism and plays a major role in DNA methylation. There are two popular MTHFR polymorphisms known as C677T and A1298C which are found to be involved in folate metabolism and lowering the enzyme activity, thus may be linked with cancer development. This study aims to look at the association of these polymorphisms in gallbladder cancer. Methods: Thirty patients each with gallbladder cancer, cholelithiasis, and normal gallbladder were genotyped for the above-given polymorphisms by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Results: C677T MTHFR polymorphism was not associated (χ2 = 2.44, p = 0.85) with an increased likelihood of having gallbladder cancer. A1298C was significantly associated (χ2 = 28.87, p < 0.001) with risk of developing gallbladder cancer. A1298C was significantly correlated with grade (r = 0.337, p < 0.001) and histopathology (r = 0.446, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study proposed that MTHFR A1298C polymorphism may be associated with risk of developing gallbladder cancer, and there is no association between C677T polymorphism and gallbladder cancer. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
Association of mustard oil as cooking media with carcinoma of the gallbladder
(2013) Ruhi Dixit; Piyush Srivastava; Somprakas Basu; Pradeep Srivastava; Pradeep Kumar Mishra; Vijay Kumar Shukla
Purpose Carcinoma of the gallbladder (CaGB) is a common health problem in Northern India. Exact causative factors are still obscure. Dietary habits are also known to be a major factor in the gallbladder carcinogenesis. Mustard oil is mostly used as cooking media, which is adulterated by sanguinarine, diethylnitrosamine and repeated frying. We tried to find out the association of mustard oil as cooking media with CaGB. Methods Twenty patients each of CaGB (group I) and cholelithiasis (group II) were included in the study. Sanguinarine and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) were extracted from the tissue and blood samples from both groups. Mean and standard error of mean of the concentration of the sanguinarine and DEN were calculated. Mann-Whitney U test was applied to test the level of significance between the two groups. Results The mean concentration of tissue sanguinarine in both groups (I and II) was 195.18 ng/mg and 24.05 ng/mg, respectively, and the difference was statistically highly significant (p<0.001). The estimated concentration of blood sanguinarine was 230.96 ng/mL and 14.0 ng/mL in group I and II, respectively, and the difference was statistically highly significant (p<0.001). The concentration of DEN in the tissue sample was 38.08 ng/mg in CaGB and 2.51 ng/mg in cholelithiasis patient, and these values were statistically highly significant (p<0.001). Similarly, blood DEN concentration was 119.05 ng/mL and 4.22 ng/mL in group I and II, respectively, and the difference was statistically highly significant (p<0.001). Conclusion There is an increase in concentration of sanguinarine and diethylnitrosamine in CaGB blood and tissue in comparison to the cholelithiasis group suggesting an association with carcinoma of the gallbladder. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012.
Biofilm and wound healing: from bench to bedside
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2023) Aakansha Giri Goswami; Somprakas Basu; Tuhina Banerjee; Vijay Kumar Shukla
The bubbling community of microorganisms, consisting of diverse colonies encased in a self-produced protective matrix and playing an essential role in the persistence of infection and antimicrobial resistance, is often referred to as a biofilm. Although apparently indolent, the biofilm involves not only inanimate surfaces but also living tissue, making it truly ubiquitous. The mechanism of biofilm formation, its growth, and the development of resistance are ever-intriguing subjects and are yet to be completely deciphered. Although an abundance of studies in recent years has focused on the various ways to create potential anti-biofilm and antimicrobial therapeutics, a dearth of a clear standard of clinical practice remains, and therefore, there is essentially a need for translating laboratory research to novel bedside anti-biofilm strategies that can provide a better clinical outcome. Of significance, biofilm is responsible for faulty wound healing and wound chronicity. The experimental studies report the prevalence of biofilm in chronic wounds anywhere between 20 and 100%, which makes it a topic of significant concern in wound healing. The ongoing scientific endeavor to comprehensively understand the mechanism of biofilm interaction with wounds and generate standardized anti-biofilm measures which are reproducible in the clinical setting is the challenge of the hour. In this context of “more needs to be done”, we aim to explore various effective and clinically meaningful methods currently available for biofilm management and how these tools can be translated into safe clinical practice. © 2023, The Author(s).
Bioprospecting potential genetic biomarkers of gallbladder cancer
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Ruhi Dixit; Manoj Pandey; Vijay Kumar Shukla
Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare and aggressive cancer of the biliary tract with a very low survival rate. The availability of diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapies for its management is limited. The study identifies potential genetic biomarkers of GBC by analyzing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through microarray profiling and constructing regulatory networks using systems biology techniques. Methods: We used Clariom™ D Array in gallbladder cancer, cholelithiasis, and normal tissues (10 cases in each group), identifying DEGs and key biological pathways. Functional analysis via Metascape, DisGeNET, and KEGG-SIGNOR network mapping revealed gene-disease relationships and protein interactions. Results: There were 3,898 significant DEGs (|Fold Change| > 2.0, p < 0.05) identified in GBC compared to normal gallbladder tissue, with 2,575 genes upregulated and 1,323 downregulated. On comparison with cholelithiasis, 2523 DEGs (|Fold Change|>2.0, p < 0.05) were upregulated and 1451 downregulated. The functional analyses have shown that these DEGs were mainly involved in anatomical structure maturation and cell-cycle regulation. Top ten identified hub genes were XAB2, XPA, RPA1, RAD51B, RPS27A, BRCA2, ATR, PDS5B, CCNB2 and RANBP2. The top 3 related pathways were mismatch repair pathway, nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination. Conclusion: A significantly high differential gene expression was identified in gallbladder cancer compared to control groups. For the first time, we identified key genes—XAB2, XPA, RPA1, RAD51B, RPS27A, BRCA2, ATR, PDS5B, CCNB2, and RANBP2—as crucial players in homologous recombination, mismatch repair, DNA damage repair, and DNA replication processes that contribute to gallbladder carcinogenesis. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.
Comparative Analysis of Mutational Profile of Sonic hedgehog Gene in Gallbladder Cancer
(Springer New York LLC, 2017) Ruhi Dixit; Manoj Pandey; Sunil Kumar Tripathi; Amit Nandan Dhar Dwivedi; Vijay Kumar Shukla
Background: Gallbladder cancer has high incidence in northeastern India; mortality too is high as the disease is often diagnosed late. Numerous studies have shown the role of sonic hedgehog (shh) in different cancers, an important ligand of the hedgehog signaling pathway. Aim: This study was carried out to evaluate the shh gene mutations in gallbladder cancer patients. Methods: PCR-SSCP was performed for shh gene in 50 samples each of gallbladder cancer, cholelithiasis, and control. The samples showing aberration in banding pattern were sequenced. Results: Variation in banding pattern was observed in 20% gallbladder cancer cases, 10% in cholelithiasis, and none of the control (χ2 = 11.111; p < 0.05). Sequencing results revealed seven novel point mutations in GBC cases. These novel mutations were found to be associated with histopathology (p < 0.05) and stage (p < 0.05) of gallbladder cancer. Conclusion: This study reveals several novel individual and repetitive mutations of shh gene in GBC and cholelithiasis samples that may be used as diagnostic markers for gallbladder carcinogenesis. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
Duodenojejunal junction web masquerading as Wilkie's syndrome: Report of a case
(2011) Somprakas Basu; Vivek Srivastava; Pramod Kumar Singh; Arvind Srivastava; Vijay Kumar Shukla
Wilkie's syndrome (superior mesenteric artery syndrome) is a rare cause of obstruction to the third part of duodenum due to compression between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta. Pathologies like malignant growth in the mesenteric root, the presence of a lymph nodal mass compressing the terminal duodenum, dissecting aortic aneurysm, and intestinal malrotation may mimic the condition, but are not true etiologies of the syndrome. A duodenojejunal web causing narrowing of the duodenojejunal junction and mimicking Wilkie's syndrome has not been described before in the literature. We herein report a case of gastroduodenal obstruction due to a web in the duodenojejunal junction in a young female patient, which closely mimicked Wilkie's syndrome but was finally diagnosed postoperatively. We highlight the first case of its kind in an adult and discuss the challenges in both the diagnosis and management. © Springer 2011.
Dysregulated expression and subcellular localization of base excision repair (BER) pathway enzymes in gallbladder cancer
(Babol University of Medical Sciences, 2018) Manoj Kumar; Vijay Kumar Shukla; Pravas Kumar Misra; Mercy Jacob Raman
Base excision repair (BER) pathway is one of the repair systems that has an impact on radiotherapy and chemotherapy for cancer patients. The molecular pathogenesis of gallbladder cancer is not known extensively. In the present study we investigated whether the expression of AP endonuclease 1 (APE1) and DNA polymerase β (DNA pol β), key enzymes of BER pathway has any clinical significance with gallbladder carcinogenesis. 41 gallbladder cancer, 27 chronic cholecystitis, and 3 normal gallbladder specimens were analyzed for the expression of APE1 and DNA polymerase β by western blotting, and subcellular localization studied by immunohistochemistry. The enzymatic activity of APE1 was also studied. The correlations with expression of the above proteins with clinicalpathological characteristics of gallbladder cancer patients were analyzed. The integrated density value ratio (relative expression) of total APE1 (37 kDa + 35 kDa variant) analyzed in the three groups of tissues, was 0.76±0.03 in normal gallbladder, 0.91±0.08 in chronic cholecystitis, and 1.12±0.05 in gallbladder cancer. APE1 was found to be up-regulated in 80% of gallbladder carcinoma samples (P = 0.01). A positive trend of APE1 expression with tumor stage and lymph node positivity was observed. The enzymatic activity of APE1 was found higher in gallbladder cancer samples in comparison with chronic cholecystitis. The integrated density value ratio of DNA polymerase β for normal gallbladder, chronic cholecystitis and gallbladder cancer tissue samples were 0.46±0.03, 0.7±0.06 and 1.33±0.1, respectively. DNA polymerase β was found to be upregulated in almost all gallbladder carcinoma samples (P =0.0001), and its expression was negatively correlated with age (P=0.02). DNA polymerase β expression showed a positive trend with tumor stage and nuclear differentiation of gallbladder cancer. It may be concluded that alteration of these BER pathway proteins may be the causal factors for carcinogenesis of gallbladder, and has targeted therapeutic potential. © 2018 Babol University of Medical Sciences.
Foreword
(Springer Nature, 2022) Vijay Kumar Shukla
[No abstract available]
Gallbladder Cancer: Current Treatment Options
(Springer Nature, 2023) Vijay Kumar Shukla; Manoj Pandey; Ruhi Dixit
The book discusses the recent progress in understanding the therapeutic targets for gallbladder cancer to provide opportunities for research and for developing innovative strategies that may enhance the benefit of conventional chemotherapy.The book focuses on identifying candidate molecules and the overall status of the targeted therapies available for gallbladder cancer, as there is an urgent need to discover new molecular targets that can guide the emergence of new treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and act as biomarkers for the early detection of diseases. Recently, new treatment therapeutics targets for gallbladder cancer patients have been identified and the field is evolving rapidly.The book is relevant for the clinical researcher, surgeon, scientist and academician. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.
Genetic mutational analysis of β-catenin gene affecting GSK-3β phosphorylation plays a role in gallbladder carcinogenesis: Results from a case control study
(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Ruhi Dixit; Manoj Pandey; Sunil Kumar Tripathi; Amit Nandan Dhar Dwivedi; Vijay Kumar Shukla
This manuscript has reported different mutations of β-catenin gene in gallbladder cancer patients which affect GSK-3β phosphorylation site. Purpose: Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a relatively rare and fatal cancer with poor prognosis. The molecular mechanism of gallbladder carcinogenesis is still not clear. Wnt signaling pathway is a highly conserved pathway that regulates proliferation, differentiation, migration, genetic stability, apoptosis, and stem cell renewal. β-catenin plays major role in Wnt signaling and aberrations in β-catenin has found to be involved in several cancers pathogenesis. This study was carried out to document the mutations of β-catenin gene in gallbladder cancer and to evaluate its possible role in gallbladder carcinogenesis. Methods: PCR-SSCP (Single Stranded Conformation Polymorphism) for ctnnb1 was performed in 50 patients each of gallbladder cancer, cholelithiasis and 50 healthy controls. Samples that showed variation in banding pattern were sequenced. Results: Variation in banding pattern was observed in 9 (18%) samples of GBC, 4 (8%) of cholelithiasis and 2 (4%) of control. Sequencing analysis showed 9 novel mutations of ctnnb1 in exon 3 in 18% of gallbladder cancer (χ2 = 5.778; p < 0.05). Six point mutations, 1 deletion and 1 insertion mutation were found in 9 cases of gallbladder cancer. All point mutations were mis-sense mutation that affected highly conserved serine or threonine region that is important for GSK-3β phosphorylation. Conclusion: Findings of the study suggests that high frequency of non synonymous mutations of β-catenin gene (ctnnb1) occurs in patients with gallbladder cancer. As these mutations mainly effect GSK 3β phosphorylation, it may be concluded that this might be an important step in gallbladder carcinogenesis. These β-catenin mutations lead to Wnt pathway activation and appear to have a role in progression from inflammation to cancer in gallbladder. © 2020 The Author(s)