Browsing by Author "Vijay N. Mishra"

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Blood biomarkers for the differentiation of cardiac ischemic stroke subtypes: A systematic review
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2019) Abhishek Pathak; Surya P. Pandey; Prasoon Madhukar; Priya Dev; Deepika Joshi; Vijay N. Mishra; Rameshwar N. Chaurasia
Background: Blood biomarkers are a cost-effective and valid method to diagnose ischemic stroke and differentiate its subtypes in countries with poor resources. Objective: To perform a systematic review of published literature evaluating the diagnostic utility of blood-based biomarkers to diagnose and differentiate the etiology of ischemic stroke. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was carried out till December 2017 in major scientific and medical databases including PubMed, Cochrane, OVID and Google Scholar. Modified Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies questionnaire was used to assess the methodological quality of each study. Results: Twenty-six studies were identified relevant to our systematic review. Various biomarkers have been studied, though only a few biomarkers such as a B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and Ddimer have proved their clinical utility. None of the other tested biomarkers appeared to have consistent results to diagnose ischemic stroke subtypes. Most of the studies had limitations in the classification of ischemic stroke, sample size, sample collection time, methods, biomarker selection and data analysis. Conclusion: Our systematic review does not recommend the use of any blood biomarker for clinical purposes based on the studies conducted to date. BNP and D-dimer may present optimal biomarker for diagnosis and differentiation of ischemic stroke. However, large well-designed clinical studies are required to validate utility of these biomarkers to differentiate subtypes of ischemic stroke. © 2019 Bentham Science Publishers.
Effect of Emotional Valence on Working Memory of Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures (PNES) Patients
(Georg Thieme Verlag, 2022) Priyesh K. Singh; Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia; Sujeet Pratap; Trayambak Tiwari; Vijay N. Mishra; Tara Singh
Background ?The present study investigated how emotional valence influenced the working memory of patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) as compared to healthy individuals. Methods ?Emotional-N-Back task (E-N-back task) was administered to 15 PNES patients and equal number of healthy individuals. A 2 × 3 one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. Correct detection (accuracy) and reaction (RT) time were recorded as behavioral performance measures. Results ?The ANOVA result of correct detection (accuracy) measure revealed significant difference in the performance of patients with PNES as compared with healthy individual, F (2, 48) = 17.08, p = 0.001. However, on the measure of reaction time (RT), both groups performed equally and there was no significant difference, F (2, 48) = 1.13, p = 0.33. Also the results of present study showed that patients with PNES are quicker in identifying unpleasant picture stimuli, which is evident from their mean comparison: unpleasant (M = 65.55, SD = 15.66), pleasant (M = 58.22, SD = 20.03), and neutral (M = 45.11, SD = 23.13). Conclusion ?Conclusively, the finding of the present study shows a significant effect of emotional valence on working memory of patients with PNES on the measure of correct detection (accuracy), but not for second measure, i.e., reaction time this clearly reveals that patients with PNES are poor at emotional-cognitive integration, specifically at working memory level. © 2022 Georg Thieme Verlag. All rights reserved.
Rhodanine composite fluorescence probes to detect pathological hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease models
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Himanshu Rai; Rishabh Singh; Prahalad Singh Bharti; Prabhat Kumar; Sanskriti Rai; Tanmaykumar Varma; Brijesh Singh Chauhan; Aishwarya Srikant Nilakhe; Joy Debnath; Renu Dhingra; Vijay N. Mishra; Sarika Gupta; Sairam Krishnamurthy; Jian Yang; Prabha Garg; Saripella Srikrishna; Saroj Kumar; Gyan Modi
Amyloid fibrils and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles are widely acceptable histological and biochemical pathogenic markers in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Detecting these markers at an early stage could be beneficial for differentiating AD from other neuronal anomalies. Herein, a series of rhodanine (acceptor) based dyes in conjugation with a coumarin or carbostyril (donor) were synthesized and tested their ability to detect these biomarkers. The lead probe 19 displayed staining affinity for Aβ fibrils and tau tangles with little or no interaction with abundant plasma protein (BSA). Minimal cytotoxicity, brain accessibility, biocompatibility, and fluorescence sustainability across physiological pHs rendering it suitable for in-vivo imaging. Dual staining of histological samples validated affinity of probe 19 for Aβ plaques and tau tangles in AD brain tissue specimens via immunofluorescence, ThT (aggregated Aβ specific dye), and Tau-1 (tau filament-specific dye). Moreover, live in-vivo fluorescence imaging in mice and ocular labeling of Aβ in AD Drosophila models extend the preclinical applicability of probe 19 for screening purposes. On behalf of the following data, we assume that probe 19 can successfully detect pathological AD biomarkers in investigational studies. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Various techniques used to diagnose psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES): A brief overview
(Institute of Medico-Legal Publications, 2019) Priyesh Kumar Singh; Naveen; Tara Singh; Vijay N. Mishra; Rameshwar N. Chaurasia; Trayambak Tiwari
Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) mimic epilepsy with multiple biopsychosocial etiology without involment of cortical activity as in epilepsy. Till date professionals are facing problems in its basic categorization which creates is a big challenge in its diagnosis. Although video-encephalography is the gold standard for the diagnosis of PNES, but it is restricted due to its cost and availability issues. Therefore, professional use other techniques like semiological details: ictal and post-ictal observation, psychological measure, neuro-physiological measures, induction proctols and bio-chemical markers etc. These techniques or procedures are having their own limitation. This paper will provide a brief overview of possible diagnostic procedure involved in PNES diagnosis. © 2019, Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. All rights reserved.
Vascular Parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease: A prospective, clinico-radiological comparative study
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2021) Shivani Rath; Anand Kumar; Abhishek Pathak; Ashish Verma; Varun K. Singh; Rameshwar N. Chaurasia; Vijay N. Mishra; Deepika Joshi
Background: Vascular parkinsonism (VP) is an atypical Parkinsonian syndrome that is believed to have a temporal association with cerebrovascular disease. However, now it is evolving as a heterogeneous entity with no clear consensus on the definition and diagnostic criteria. Aim and Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating the clinico-radiological profile of patients with VP and Parkinson's disease (PD). Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted at a tertiary care university hospital. A total of 80 patients, with a diagnosis of probable VP (40) and PD (40), were evaluated and compared with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III, gait scale, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and MRI brain. Results: Significantly older age of onset (P = 0.005), higher vascular risk factors (P < 0.001), and motor scores in UPDRS part III (P < 0.001), gait scale (P < 0.001), and modified Hoehn and Yahr (P < 0.001) were seen in the VP as compared with the PD. On the cognitive scales, patients with VP scored significantly lower in MMSE (19.92 ± 6.0 vs. 24.90 ± 3.34; P < 0.001) and FAB (7.75 ± 4.27 vs. 11.22 ± 2.75; P < 0.001); on the modified Hachinski scale (7.77 ± 3.19 vs. 3.30 ± 1.97; P < 0.001), they scored higher compared with patients with PD. Periventricular ischemic changes, generalized brain atrophy, and multiple lacunar infarcts were the most common radiological abnormality found significantly more in patients with VP. Conclusion: An older age, worse cognitive scores and motor scores, and more profound periventricular and subcortical lesions on MRI favored VP. © 2021 Annals of Movement Disorders.