Browsing by Author "Vikash Kumar"

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A Comprehensive Review on Microbubble Concept, Development and Its Application in Therapeutic Drug Delivery and Clinical Management of Disease
(NLM (Medline), 2021) Sandeep Rathor; Sheikh Aamir; Dinesh C. Bhatt; Krishan Kumar; Vikash Kumar
BACKGROUND: The general purpose of this review was to briefly describe the Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery System (GRDDS) and to primarily focus on mechanisms of flotation for gastric retention. METHODS: The principle mechanism of Floating Drug Delivery Systems (FDDS) is mainly based on hydro-dynamically controlled low-density system, which gets swollen when comes in contact with the gastric environment and remains buoyant for an extended period of time with improved bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. The main perspective of this review was to focus on microbubble drug delivery due to its wide range of applications. RESULTS: Microbubble is a new, economically viable, and non-invasive technique that is alternative to conventional techniques. The size of microbubbles ranges from 1-100 micrometers, which contain oxygen or air and remain suspended for prolonged drug release. Due to its great potential, microbubble is used in the therapeutic delivery of drug molecules or genetic material at their specific targeted site in various diseases. The recent research also suggests that ultrasound-mediated microbubble is more frequently used in the biomedical field for imaging of site-specific molecule targeting for the detection of disease and site-specific drug delivery. CONCLUSION: Gastro-retentive floating drug delivery system was considered as the most favorable approach for site-specific drug delivery. But nowadays, microbubble is gaining more popularity for its potential applications in the biomedical field. In recent years, there is much progress in microbubble for site-specific delivery of a drug or genetic material. Recent research also suggests that the ultrasound- mediated microbubble has shown a positive impact on the diagnosis and clinical management of various diseases such as liver cirrhosis, brain tumor, ocular, and urinary tract infection. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides and isoflavonoids from soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Ayyagari Ramlal; Aparna Nautiyal; Pooja Baweja; Vikash Kumar; Sahil Mehta; Rohit Kumar Mahto; Shikha Tripathi; Aravindam Shanmugam; Bingi Pujari Mallikarjuna; Pushpa Raman; S.K. Lal; Dhandapani Raju; Ambika Rajendran
Angiotensin-converting enzyme I (ACE I) is a zinc-containing metallopeptidase involved in the renin-angiotensin system (RAAS) that helps in the regulation of hypertension and maintains fluid balance otherwise, which results in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). One of the leading reasons of global deaths is due to CVDs. RAAS also plays a central role in maintaining homeostasis of the CV system. The commercial drugs available to treat CVDs possess several fatal side effects. Hence, phytochemicals like peptides having plant-based origin should be explored and utilized as alternative therapies. Soybean is an important leguminous crop that simultaneously possesses medicinal properties. Soybean extracts are used in many drug formulations for treating diabetes and other disorders and ailments. Soy proteins and its edible products such as tofu have shown potential inhibitory activity against ACE. Thus, this review briefly describes various soy proteins and products that can be used to inhibit ACE thereby providing new scope for the identification of potential candidates that can help in the design of safer and natural treatments for CVDs. Copyright © 2022 Ramlal, Nautiyal, Baweja, Kumar, Mehta, Mahto, Tripathi, Shanmugam, Pujari Mallikarjuna, Raman, Lal, Raju and Rajendran.
Characterization of glycolytic enzymes - rAldolase and rEnolase of Leishmania donovani, identified as Th1 stimulatory proteins, for their immunogenicity and immunoprophylactic efficacies against experimental visceral leishmaniasis
(Public Library of Science, 2014) Reema Gupta; Vikash Kumar; Pramod Kumar Kushawaha; Chandradev Pati Tripathi; Sumit Joshi; Amogh Anant Sahasrabuddhe; Kalyan Mitra; Shyam Sundar; Mohammad Imran Siddiqi; Anuradha Dube
Th1 immune responses play an important role in controlling Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) hence, Leishmania proteins stimulating T-cell responses in host, are thought to be good vaccine targets. Search of such antigens eliciting cellular responses in Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from cured/exposed/ Leishmania patients and hamsters led to the identification of two enzymes of glycolytic pathway in the soluble lysate of a clinical isolate of Leishmania donovani - Enolase (LdEno) and aldolase (LdAld) as potential Th1 stimulatory proteins. The present study deals with the molecular and immunological characterizations of LdEno and LdAld. The successfully cloned and purified recombinant proteins displayed strong ability to proliferate lymphocytes of cured hamsters' along with significant nitric-oxide production and generation of Th1-type cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-12) from stimulated PBMCs of cured/endemic VL patients. Assessment of their prophylactic potentials revealed ∼90% decrease in parasitic burden in rLdEno vaccinated hamsters against Leishmania challenge, strongly supported by an increase in mRNA expression levels of iNOS, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-12 transcripts along with extreme down-regulation of TGF-β, IL-4 and IL-10. However, animals vaccinated with rLdAld showed comparatively lesser prophylactic efficacy (∼65%) with inferior immunological response. Further, with a possible implication in vaccine design against VL, identification of potential T-cell epitopes of both the proteins was done using computational approach. Additionally, in-silico 3-D modelling of the proteins was done in order to explore the possibility of exploiting them as potential drug targets. The comparative molecular and immunological characterizations strongly suggest rLdEno as potential vaccine candidate against VL and supports the notion of its being effective T-cell stimulatory protein. © 2014 Gupta et al.
Chemical intervention for enhancing growth and reducing grain arsenic accumulation in rice
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Ashish Kumar Srivastava; Manish Pandey; Tejashree Ghate; Vikash Kumar; Munish Kumar Upadhyay; Arnab Majumdar; Abhay Kumar Sanjukta; Ashish Kumar Agrawal; Sutapa Bose; Sudhakar Srivastava; Penna Suprasanna
Thiourea supplementation downregulated aquaporins to restrict arsenic accumulation in seedlings. Foliar-applied thiourea enhanced yield and reduced grain arsenic accumulation. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd; Arsenic (As) is a ubiquitous environmental carcinogen that enters the human food chain mainly through rice grains. In the present study, we evaluated the potential of thiourea (TU; non-physiological reactive oxygen species scavenger) in mitigating the negative effects of arsenic (As) stress in indica rice variety IR64, with the overall aim to reduce grain As accumulation. At seedling stage, As + TU treatment induced the formation of more numerous and longer crown roots compared with As alone. The As accumulation in main root, crown root, lower leaf and upper leaf was significantly reduced to 0.1-, 0.14-, 0.16-, 0.14-fold, respectively in As + TU treated seedlings compared with those of As alone. This reduced As accumulation was also coincided with light-dependent suppression in the expression levels of aquaporins and photosynthesis-related genes in As + TU treated roots. In addition, the foliar-supplemented TU under As-stress maintained reducing redox conditions which decreased the rate of As accumulation in flag leaves and, eventually grain As by 0.53-fold compared with those of As treatment. The agronomic feasibility of TU was validated under naturally As contaminated sites of Nadia (West Bengal, India). The tiller numbers and crop productivity (kg seed/ha) of TU-sprayed plants were increased by 1.5- and 1.18-fold, respectively; while, grain As accumulation was reduced by 0.36-fold compared with those of water-sprayed control. Thus, this study established TU application as a sustainable solution for cultivating rice in As-contaminated field conditions. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Clinical epidemiology of young men with lower urinary tract symptoms: The SciCOM 3 project
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2025) Sanjay Sinha; Sameer Trivedi; Ankur Mittal; Girdhar Singh Bora; Rishi Nayyar; Pawan Vasudeva; Anita Patel; Harbans Bansal; Vijay Kumar Sarma Madduri; Niraj Kumar; Swarnendu Mandal; Vikash Kumar; Sujith Mathew Jose; Girish G. Nelivigi; Anil Elhence; Harprit Singh
Introduction: A study was performed to determine the most common and most bothersome symptoms and clinical associations in young men (18-40 years) presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted across 16 centers. Urinary symptoms, impact of bladder problems, bowel symptoms, erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, bladder pain, non-bladder myofascial pain, and general well-being were assessed by validated questionnaires. Results: A total of 448 men (median age 30 years) were included. Nocturia ≥1 (89.1%) and feeling of incomplete bladder evacuation (76.6%) were the most common symptoms while the most bothersome symptoms were daytime frequency and nocturia (median score 5; interquartile range 2-8, for both) on the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire for Male LUTS questionnaire. Bladder symptoms were associated with severe or many severe problems (response 5 or 6, on the Patient Perception of Bladder Conditions Questionnaire) in 17.8% of the patients. Men between 18 and 20 years reported greater bother with their bladder condition. Normal erections and 'very good' control over ejaculation were reported by 49.8% and 15.6%, respectively. Constipation and loose stools were reported by 22.8% and 12.9%, while bladder pain and non-bladder myofascial pain were reported by 72.5%, and 48.2%, respectively. 17.0% of the patients reported low scores on the WHO-5 Well-Being Scale. Two distinct patient clusters were identified. A larger cluster (63.9%) that presented with voiding symptoms and urgency but fewer sexual or pain symptoms, and a smaller cluster that showed pronounced sexual symptoms, pain, daytime frequency, and nocturia. Conclusions: The most common urinary symptoms in young men are nocturia and a sense of incomplete evacuation. Daytime frequency and nocturia are the most bothersome symptoms. It is important to assess associated symptoms in young men presenting with LUTS. © 2025 Indian Journal of Urology.
Does the consistency of stools define a distinct patient cohort in young men presenting with severe lower urinary tract symptoms?
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2025) Sanjay Sinha; Ankur Mittal; Sameer Trivedi; Harbans Bansal; Girdhar Singh Bora; Rishi Nayyar; Pawan Vasudeva; Anita Patel; Vijay Kumar Sarma Madduri; Niraj Kumar; Swarnendu Mandal; Vikash Kumar; Sujith Mathew Jose; Girish G. Nelivigi; Anil Elhence; Harprit Singh
Introduction: Constipation has long been recognized to be associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). However, there is little clinical data on bowel symptoms in young men who present with LUTS. This study analyses the association of stool consistency with severe LUTS in young men. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of SciCOM 3 study examining young men presenting with LUTS. Stool consistency was recorded by the Bristol Stool Chart and classified into hard stools (Class 1, 2), normal stools (Class 3, 4), and loose stools (Class 5–7). LUTS, sexual dysfunction, bladder pain, non-bladder myofascial pain, perception of problems related to the bladder, and general well-being were captured by questionnaires along with basic clinical data. The poorest score on every question of each questionnaire was categorized as “severe”. Results: Four hundred and forty-eight young men (18–40 years; median 30 years, interquartile range 25–35 years) were studied across 16 centers. Stool consistency was hard, normal, and loose in 105 (23.4%), 284 (63.4%), and 59 (13.2%), respectively. Constipation was not associated with severe LUTS. Loose stools showed an association with six of the 13 questions on the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire for male LUTS. Erectile dysfunction, bladder and nonbladder pain, and general well-being were found to be associated with loose stools but not with constipation. On multinomial logistic regression analysis, recurrent urinary tract infection and low body mass index were associated with hard stools, while low maximum flow rate, severe erectile dysfunction, and severe myofascial pain were associated with loose stools. Conclusions: Loose stools are an important association in young men presenting with severe LUTS. © 2025 Indian Journal of Urology.
Hospital based prospective longitudinal clinical and immunologic study of 179 patients of primary anti-phospholipid syndrome
(2013) Nand K. Singh; Dibya R. Behera; Ankit Agrawal; Mahendra Narayan Singh; Vikash Kumar; Manoj Godhra; Anurag Gupta; Devesh P. Yadav; Usha Singh; Lakshmi Kant Pandey; Manjari Matah
Aim: To study the clinical and immunological features of primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), and to analyze the differences between primary APS and APS associated with autoimmune rheumatic disease (ARD/APS). Methods: This prospective, longitudinal study, carried out from December 2004 to July 2011 included 179 patients with primary APS and 52 patients of ARD/APS diagnosed as per modified 2006 Sapporo's Criteria. Results: Out of 179 patients of primary APS, 12 were male and 167 were female. The mean age at the time of study entry was 27 ± 4.33 years. Venous thrombosis was noted in 33 (18.43%) patients. Seventeen patients had deep vein thrombosis and 11 (7.19%) had cortical vein and/or cortical sinus thrombosis. Arterial thrombosis was noted in 19 (10.61%) patients, out of which nine had intracranial arterial thrombosis. Thirty-two (17.85%) had recurrent early fetal losses (< 10 weeks) and 97 (54.18%) had late fetal loss (> 10 weeks). Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM aCLA were present in 141 (78.77%) and 32 (17.87%) patients respectively, whereas lupus anticoagulant was present in 99 (55.3%) patients. In patients with bad obstetric outcome, lupus anticoagulant positivity was significantly more prevalent (P < 0.05) than aCLA positivity. Both venous and arterial thrombosis were significantly more common (P < 0.05) in ARD/APS. However, late fetal loss was significantly more prevalent (P < 0.001) in primary APS. Conclusion: Primary APS may lead to a variety of clinical manifestations due to venous and/or arterial thrombosis, which at times may be lethal. It is also an important cause of early and late pregnancy loss(es) and other pregnancy morbidities. © 2013 Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.
Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of T-Cell Epitopes Derived from Potential Th1 Stimulatory Proteins of Leishmania (Leishmania) donovani
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2019) Sumit Joshi; Narendra Kumar Yadav; Keerti Rawat; Vikash Kumar; Rafat Ali; Amogh Anant Sahasrabuddhe; Mohammad Imran Siddiqi; Wahajul Haq; Shyam Sundar; Anuradha Dube
Development of a suitable vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a fatal parasitic disease, is considered to be vital for maintaining the success of kala-azar control programs. The fact that Leishmania-infected individuals generate life-long immunity offers a viable proposition in this direction. Our prior studies demonstrated that T-helper1 (Th1) type of cellular response was generated by six potential recombinant proteins viz. elongation factor-2 (elF-2), enolase, aldolase, triose phosphate isomerase (TPI), protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and p45, derived from a soluble antigenic fraction (89.9-97.1 kDa) of Leishmania (Leishmania) donovani promastigote, in treated Leishmania patients and golden hamsters and showed significant prophylactic potential against experimental VL. Moreover, since, it is well-known that our immune system, in general, triggers production of specific protective immunity in response to a small number of amino acids (peptide), this led to the identification of antigenic epitopes of the above-stated proteins utilizing immunoinformatics. Out of thirty-six, three peptides-P-10 (enolase), P-14, and P-15 (TPI) elicited common significant lymphoproliferative as well as Th1-biased cytokine responses both in golden hamsters and human subjects. Further, immunization with these peptides plus BCG offered 75% prophylactic efficacy with boosted cellular immune response in golden hamsters against Leishmania challenge which is indicative of their candidature as potential vaccine candidates. Copyright © 2019 Joshi, Yadav, Rawat, Kumar, Ali, Sahasrabuddhe, Siddiqi, Haq, Sundar and Dube. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
In silico analysis of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory compounds obtained from soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023) Ayyagari Ramlal; Isha Bhat; Aparna Nautiyal; Pooja Baweja; Sahil Mehta; Vikash Kumar; Shikha Tripathi; Rohit Kumar Mahto; Manisha Saini; Bingi Pujari Mallikarjuna; Shukla Saluja; S.K. Lal; Sreeramanan Subramaniam; Iten M. Fawzy; Ambika Rajendran
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the major reasons for deaths globally. The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) regulates body hypertension and fluid balance which causes CVD. Angiotensin-converting enzyme I (ACE I) is the central Zn-metallopeptidase component of the RAAS playing a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. The available drugs to treat CVD have many side effects, and thus, there is a need to explore phytocompounds and peptides to be utilized as alternative therapies. Soybean is a unique legume cum oilseed crop with an enriched source of proteins. Soybean extracts serve as a primary ingredient in many drug formulations against diabetes, obesity, and spinal cord-related disorders. Soy proteins and their products act against ACE I which may provide a new scope for the identification of potential scaffolds that can help in the design of safer and natural cardiovascular therapies. In this study, the molecular basis for selective inhibition of 34 soy phytomolecules (especially of beta-sitosterol, soyasaponin I, soyasaponin II, soyasaponin II methyl ester, dehydrosoyasaponin I, and phytic acid) was evaluated using in silico molecular docking approaches and dynamic simulations. Our results indicate that amongst the compounds, beta-sitosterol exhibited a potential inhibitory action against ACE I. Copyright © 2023 Ramlal, Bhat, Nautiyal, Baweja, Mehta, Kumar, Tripathi, Mahto, Saini, Mallikarjuna, Saluja, Lal, Subramaniam, Fawzy and Rajendran.
Microbially derived surfactants: an ecofriendly, innovative, and effective approach for managing environmental contaminants
(Frontiers Media SA, 2024) Navdeep Singh; Xiao-Hu Hu; Vikash Kumar; Manoj Kumar Solanki; Amit Kaushik; Vipin Kumar Singh; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Priya Yadav; Rahul Prasad Singh; Nikunj Bhardwaj; Zhen Wang; Ajay Kumar
The natural environment is often contaminated with hydrophobic pollutants such as long-chain hydrocarbons, petrochemicals, oil spills, pesticides, and heavy metals. Hydrophobic pollutants with a toxic nature, slow degradation rates, and low solubility pose serious threats to the environment and human health. Decontamination based on conventional chemical surfactants has been found to be toxic, thereby limiting its application in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In contrast, biosurfactants synthesized by various microbial species have been considered superior to chemical counterparts due to their non-toxic and economical nature. Some biosurfactants can withstand a wide range of fluctuations in temperature and pH. Recently, biosurfactants have emerged as innovative biomolecules not only for solubilization but also for the biodegradation of environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, and oil spills. Biosurfactants have been well documented to function as emulsifiers, dispersion stabilizers, and wetting agents. The amphiphilic nature of biosurfactants has the potential to enhance the solubility of hydrophobic pollutants such as petroleum hydrocarbons and oil spills by reducing interfacial surface tension after distribution in two immiscible surfaces. However, the remediation of contaminants using biosurfactants is affected considerably by temperature, pH, media composition, stirring rate, and microorganisms selected for biosurfactant production. The present review has briefly discussed the current advancements in microbially synthesized biosurfactants, factors affecting production, and their application in the remediation of environmental contaminants of a hydrophobic nature. In addition, the latest aspect of the circular bioeconomy is discussed in terms of generating biosurfactants from waste and the global economic aspects of biosurfactant production. Copyright © 2024 Singh, Hu, Kumar, Solanki, Kaushik, Singh, Singh, Yadav, Singh, Bhardwaj, Wang and Kumar.
Molecular cloning and characterization of Brugia malayi thymidylate kinase
(Elsevier, 2014) Pawan Kumar Doharey; Manish Kumar Suthar; Anita Verma; Vikash Kumar; Sunita Yadav; Vishal M. Balaramnavar; Sushma Rathaur; Anil Kumar Saxena; Mohammad Imran Siddiqi; Jitendra Kumar Saxena
Thymidylate kinase (TMK) is a potential chemotherapeutic target because it is directly involved in the synthesis of deoxythymidine triphosphate, which is an essential component for DNA synthesis. The gene encoding thymidylate kinase of Brugia malayi was amplified by PCR and expressed in Escherichia coli. The native molecular weight of recombinant B. malayi thymidylate kinase (rBmTMK) was estimated to be ~52kDa by gel filtration chromatography, suggesting a homodimeric structure. rBmTMK activity required divalent cation and Mg2+ was found to be the most effective cation. The enzyme was sensitive to pH and temperature, it showed maximum activity at pH 7.4 and 37°C. The Km values for dTMP and ATP were 17 and 66μM, respectively. The turnover number kcat was found to be 38.09s-1, a value indicating the higher catalytic efficiency of the filarial enzyme. The nucleoside analogues 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (5-BrdU), 5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine (5-CldU) and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) showed specific inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity and these effects were in good association with binding interactions and the scoring functions as compared to human TMK. Differences in kinetic properties and structural differences in the substrate binding site of BmTMK model with respect to human TMK can serve as basis for designing specific inhibitors against parasitic enzyme. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
Response of N P S doses and urea foliar spray on lentil under guava (Psidium guajava) + lentil (Lens culinaris) based agri-horti system
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2022) Vikash Kumar; Manoj Kumar Singh; D. Udaya Lakshmi; Aakash; Nilutpal Saikia; Anamika Kumari
An experiment was conducted at research farm of Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Barkachha, Mirzapur situated in eastern Uttar Pradesh during winter (rabi) season of 2021-22 with the objective to study the response of nitrogen, phosphorous, sulphur doses and urea foliar spray on lentil growth attributes, yield attributes, yield and economics under guava + lentil based agri-horti system. Results revealed that the higher growth, yield attributes, yield, net monetory returns and benefit-cost ratio were recorded under N23.5+P60+S40 which was at par with N20+P50+S30. In case of varied doses of foliar spray of urea, foliar spray of 2% urea at pre-flowering stage fb 2% urea at pod initiation stage recorded significantly higher growth, yield, yield attributes and economics which was at par with foliar spray of 2% urea spray at pre-flowering stage. Moreover, between the sowing of the lentils and the harvest, the guava's growth attributes were also increased. Therefore, under rainfed conditions of Vidhyan region of eastern Uttar Pradesh, application of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur @20, 50 and 30 kg/ha as basal application along with foliar application (spray) of 2% urea at pre-flowering stage (45 DAS) to lentil crop was found to be better option for higher profitability under guava plantation. © 2022 Indian Council of Agricultural Research. All rights reserved.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.)–Baby Corn (Zea mays L.) Cropping System Response to Different Summer Green Manuring and Nutrient Management
(MDPI, 2022) Vikash Kumar; Manoj Kumar Singh; Nikhil Raghuvanshi; Monalisa Sahoo
The nutrient and biomass supply capacity of green manure (GM) and its complimentary and synergistic relationship with chemical nutrients is needed for a sustainable rice–baby corn cropping system in the eastern part of North India. A two-year field study was performed to assess the effect of GM and nitrogen management (NM) on yield attributes (YA), the yield of rice, and their residual (R) effect with the half-recommended dose of fertilizers on the succeeding baby corn crop. The combination of GM and N levels had significant effects on rice yield, which also influenced the succeeding baby corn crop. A higher number of tillers/m2, panicle length (cm), number of grains/panicles, panicle weight (g), grain yield (Mg/ha), straw yield (Mg/ha), and biological yield (Mg/ha) were found with Sesbania aculeata incorporated at 45 DAS (SA), which was statistically on par with water hyacinth 5 t/ha dry weight basis (WH) during both years of the field study. Among the rates of nitrogen fertilizers, 100% RDN (50% N through FYM + 50% N through inorganic) (RDN100) was the best treatment with a corresponding increase in all YA and yields of rice. It has been proven that integrated nitrogen management (INM), or the use of organic material along with fertilizer, is an effective way of managing nitrogen. In the present investigation, green manuring and integrated nitrogen management on rice sustainably increased the yield attributes and yield of the succeeding baby corn. These results illustrated the complementary effects of summer green manuring in conjunction with INM in maximizing the yield attributes and yields of rice, its residual effect on succeeding baby corn, and the economics of the system. © 2022 by the authors.
Secondary hydronephrosis in young men presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms: Results of the SciCOM 3 project
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2025) Sanjay Sinha; Sameer Trivedi; Ankur Mittal; Anita Patel; Girdhar Singh Bora; Rishi Nayyar; Pawan Vasudeva; Harbans Bansal; Vijay Kumar Sarma Madduri; Niraj Kumar; Swarnendu Mandal; Vikash Kumar; Sujith Mathew Jose; Girish G. Nelivigi; Anil Elhence; Harprit Singh
Introduction: Secondary hydronephrosis is an uncommon but potentially serious complication of lower urinary tract dysfunction. This study examines clinical associations of young men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) presenting with hydronephrosis. Methods: Secondary analysis of multicentric study examining young men presenting with LUTS. LUTS, stool consistency, sexual dysfunction, bladder pain, nonbladder myofascial pain, perception of problems related to the bladder, and general well-being were captured by questionnaires along with basic clinical data. Hydronephrosis was presumed to be secondary to lower urinary tract dysfunction if there was ureteric dilatation, it was asymptomatic, and there was no other reason based on clinical judgment. Results: Hydronephrosis was noted in 26/442 men (5.9%). Men with hydronephrosis had lower body mass index (BMI), longer duration of symptoms, larger postvoid residual (PVR), and were more likely to be diabetic and/or have a history of urinary infection (all P < 0.05). Association was noted with need to strain, reduced strength of stream, sense of incomplete evacuation, urgency, and urgency incontinence (all P < 0.05). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, BMI (P = 0.007) and PVR (P = 0.010) were independently associated. One-unit reduction in BMI was associated with 30% increase in odds of hydronephrosis, while 100 ml increase in PVR was associated with 82% increase. Receiver operator curve analysis yielded BMI ≤23 and PVR ≥80 ml as predictive of hydronephrosis. Conclusions: Secondary hydronephrosis is seen in a small number of young men with LUTS. Such men show a distinct clinical profile that can offer clinical clues useful in the algorithm for evaluation. © 2025 Indian Journal of Urology.
Synthesis, molecular docking and Brugia malayi thymidylate kinase (BmTMK) enzyme inhibition study of novel derivatives of [6]-shogaol
(Elsevier Masson SAS, 2015) Vinay Kr Singh; Pawan K. Doharey; Vikash Kumar; J.K. Saxena; M.I. Siddiqi; Sushma Rathaur; Tadigoppula Narender
[6]-Shogaol (1) was isolated from Zingiber officinale. Twelve novel compounds have been synthesized and evaluated for their Brugia malayi thymidylate kinase (BmTMK) inhibition activity, which plays important role for the DNA synthesis in parasite. [6]-Shogaol (1) and shogaol with thymine head group (2), 5-bromouracil head group (3), adenine head group (4) and 2-amino-3-methylpyridine head group (5) showed potential inhibitory effect on BmTMK activity. Further molecular docking studies were carried out to explore the putative binding mode of compounds 1-5. © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS.
Tracing Late-Stage Fluid Sources and Vein Formation within Ophiolitic Mélanges from the Indus Suture Zone, Ladakh Himalaya
(University of Chicago Press, 2021) Aditya Kharya; Himanshu K. Sachan; Christopher J. Spencer; Koushik Sen; Divya Prakash; Shashi Ranjan Rai; Vikash Kumar
Quartz-calcite veins in the Zildat ophiolitic mélange (ZOM) and Shergol ophiolitic mélange (SOM) of the Indus Suture Zone preserve a diversity of fluid activity in the late stages of ophiolitic mélange formation. This article presents fluid-inclusion and isotope geochemistry of these veins to understand their source and evolution in terms of pressure and temperature. The microstructures of quartz and calcite veins indicate deformation temperatures between 2007 and 4007C. The d13 C and d18 O values of calcite veins from the ZOM and SOM are within the mixing hyperbolas of marine and primitive-mantle fields in the mixing model. The Sr and Pb isotopic values of calcite veins from the ZOM suggest a mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) fluid source of vein formation that was radiogenically enriched by metasomatism in a suprasubduction zone. For the SOM, fluids may have originated from the enriched-mantle (EM) and the depleted-MORB-mantle rocks. It is inferred that the carbonic fluids were derived from ultramafic lithologies and oceanic crust that formed the ophiolitic mélange rocks, which also host these veins. These source rocks have EM and MORB geochemical signatures that are also obtained in the quartz-calcite veins, as characterized by their C-O-Sr-Pb isotopic ratios. The magmatic saline fluid is inferred to have formed in the early stages of vein formation and to have been subsequently diluted, as exemplified by the presence of low-saline secondary aqueous inclusions. The microthermometry fluid pressure-temperature estimation of veins from the studied sections suggests that the maximum depth of emplacement of veining fluid was about 24.5 MPa (corresponding to ∼2.5 km) at 3367C. The vein-forming fluids (calcareous and siliceous) were introduced into the fractures that developed in the host as a result of deformation. © 2021 The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.