Browsing by Author "Vinay Gupta"

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Coupled mode surface plasmon resonance sensor: in situ detection of humidity with starch biofilm
(Springer New York LLC, 2018) Gulab Chand Yadav; Gaurav Sharma; Vivek Singh; Manindra Kumar; Neelam Srivastava; Sushil Kumar; Vinay Gupta
An environment friendly coupled mode surface plasmon resonance sensor structure with starch biofilm as sensing element for humidity detection of environment is fabricated and demonstrated. The surface plasmon resonances were created using PVC layer fabricated between silver and starch biofilm on a rectangular prism. The analyses of fabricated sensor have been done by both wavelength and angular interrogation methods. The proposed sensor has maximum sensitivity 0.45 nm/%RH in wavelength interrogation method and 0.09°/%RH in angular interrogation method. Here the variations in humidity of environment, changes the refractive index of starch biofilm and hence in the surface plasmon resonances. Also, the proposed sensor shows a linear variation in resonance wavelength and resonance angle with respect to the variation in humidity of environment. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Engineering Nanomaterials for Smart Drug Release: Recent Advances and Challenges
(Elsevier, 2018) Akhilesh K. Singh; Thakur P. Yadav; Brijesh Pandey; Vinay Gupta; Satarudra P. Singh
Currently, the targeted drug delivery system that has a pivotal role in the future of personalized medicines has gained significant attention toward research as well as commercial ventures. Targeted drug delivery systems, which are also made up of nanoscale drug carrier molecules, are designed for improving the communication of cellular as well as molecular components including biodistribution of tumor-targeted drug (chemo) therapeutics. Nanomaterials are usually bunches of atoms, molecules as well as molecular fragments of nanosized particles (1-100nm). Multifunctional smart nanoparticles/nanomaterials that are engineered as self-assembled biodegradable particles have been exploited toward targeted drug delivery system. The term “smart” has been introduced for those nanomaterials, which can react in a predictable and specific manner to external/internal stimuli. This feature of such carrier systems to undergo controlled discharge of the loaded drugs not only results in thorough mitigation of their side effects but also enhances their treatment, efficiency. This chapter presents insight on the recent advances, together with the advantages, and drawbacks of various nanosized drug delivery systems, including formulation of nano-Amphotericin B drug as a case study for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. Furthermore, this chapter also provides a current overview of the tailored conjugation of targeting ligands and controlled drug release. Different nonmaterial-drug conjugates based on nanoemulsion, nanogel, solid-lipid nanoparticle, liposome, micelles, dendrimer, hyperbranched polymer, carbon nanotube, nanoshell etc. are discussed pertaining to absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion along with toxicity. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Green synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide quantum dots using Eclipta alba
(Elsevier Ltd, 2018) Akhilesh Kumar Singh; Priti Pal; Vinay Gupta; Thakur Prasad Yadav; Vishu Gupta; Satarudra Prakash Singh
The present study focused on the green and sustainable synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) quantum dots (QDs) using zinc acetate (precursor) and Eclipta alba leaf extract as a reducing agent. The synthesis of ZnO QDs was monitored by ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy at wavelength (λmax) 324 nm. The optimal synthesis of ZnO QDs was recorded at temperature 40 °C, pH 7, 5 mL zinc acetate (5 mM), 7 mL leaf extract and reaction time of 75 min. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) depicted homogeneous distribution of spherical ZnO QDs with mean particle size of 6 nm that comparable to biomolecules. The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis revealed crystalline nature of ZnO QDs having a hexagonal wurtzite phase with lattice constants a = b = 0.32 nm and c = 0.52 nm. Furthermore, the physical interactions between ZnO QDs and E. coli cells were studied by TEM and agar well diffusion methods that showed enhanced antimicrobial activity. Overall, these unique size and quite stable QDs open up possibilities of applications in a number of commercial consumers, clinical products and fluorescence labeling including the antimicrobial agent. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
Investigation of Silicon Carbide Based Optical Fiber Coupled Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor
(Springer Netherlands, 2016) Sushil Kumar; Vinay Gupta; Gaurav Sharma; Gulab Chand Yadav; Vivek Singh
The performance parameter of a surface plasmon resonance sensor having silicon carbide as an additional layer is theoretically investigated. Using the transfer matrix method, the reflectivity and performance parameter in terms of sensitivity, detection accuracy and quality parameter have been calculated. To understand the dependency of sensitivity and detection accuracy in the proposed sensor, the model electric field, propagation length and penetration depth in aqueous media as well as the metal layer are calculated. It is observed that the sensitivity and detection accuracy of the proposed waveguide based sensor depend on the thickness of the silicon carbide layer. Therefore, by choosing a suitable value of thickness of the silicon carbide layer the overall performance of the proposed waveguide can be increased. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
Low-dose atropine 0.01% for the treatment of childhood myopia: A pan-India multicentric retrospective study
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2024) Rohit Saxena; Vinay Gupta; Rebika Dhiman; Elizabeth Joseph; Sumita Agarkar; R. Neena; Damaris Magdalene; Jitendra Jethani; Sandra C. Ganesh; Minal Patil; Pooja Gogri; Shailesh Gadaginamath; Pradhnya Sen; Jaspreet Sukhija; Deepak Mishra; Jyoti H. Matalia; Anupam Sahu; Smita Kapoor; Shruti Nishanth; Shweta Chaurasia; Neelam Pawar; Nilutparna Deori; Viswanathan Sivaraman; Anamika Bordoloi; Shailja Tibrewal; Davinder Singh; Priyanka Prasad; Swati Phuljhele; Namrata Sharma
Objective The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of low-dose atropine 0.01% in controlling myopia progression among Indian children over a 2-year period. Methods This retrospective study, conducted across 20 centres in India, monitored the progression of myopia over 2 years after initiating treatment with 0.01% atropine eye drops. This included children between 6 and 14 years with baseline myopia ranging from -0.5 D to -6 D, astigmatism≤-1.5 D, anisometropia ≤ -1 D and documented myopia progression of ≥0.5 D in the year prior to starting atropine. Subjects with any other ocular pathologies were excluded. Results A total of 732 children were included in the data analysis. The mean age of the subjects was 9.3±2.7 years. The mean myopia progression at baseline (1 year before starting atropine) was -0.75±0.31 D. The rate of myopia progression was higher in younger subjects and those with higher baseline myopic error. After initiating atropine, myopia progression significantly decreased to -0.27±0.14 D at the end of the first year and -0.24±0.15 D at the end of the second year (p<0.001). Younger children (p<0.001) and higher baseline myopia (p<0.001) was associated with greater myopia progression and poor treatment response (p<0.001 for both). Conclusion Low-dose atropine (0.01%) effectively reduces myopia progression over 2 years in Indian children. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
(Lancet Publishing Group, 2020) Joan B Soriano; Parkes J Kendrick; Katherine R Paulson; Vinay Gupta; Elissa M Abrams; Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin; Tara Ballav Adhikari; Shailesh M Advani; Anurag Agrawal; Elham Ahmadian; Fares Alahdab; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Khalid A Altirkawi; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Nahla Hamed Anber; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Mina Anjomshoa; Fereshteh Ansari; Josep M Antó; Jalal Arabloo; Seyyede Masoume Athari; Seyyed Shamsadin Athari; Nefsu Awoke; Alaa Badawi; Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub; Derrick A Bennett; Isabela M Bensenor; Kathleen S Sachiko Berfield; Robert S Bernstein; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Ali Bijani; Michael Brauer; Gene Bukhman; Zahid A Butt; Luis Alberto Cámera; Josip Car; Juan J Carrero; Felix Carvalho; Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela; Jee-Young Jasmine Choi; Devasahayam J Christopher; Aaron J Cohen; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Anh Kim Dang; Ahmad Daryani; Barbora de Courten; Feleke Mekonnen Demeke; Gebre Teklemariam Demoz; Jan-Walter De Neve; Rupak Desai; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Daniel Diaz; Abdel Douiri; Tim Robert Driscoll; Eyasu Ejeta Duken; Aziz Eftekhari; Hajer Elkout; Aman Yesuf Endries; Ibtihal Fadhil; Andre Faro; Farshad Farzadfar; Eduarda Fernandes; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; Masoud Foroutan; M.A. Garcia-Gordillo; Abadi Kahsu Gebre; Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin; Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel; Kebede Embaye Gezae; Aloke Gopal Ghoshal; Paramjit Singh Gill; Richard F Gillum; Houman Goudarzi; Yuming Guo; Rajeev Gupta; Gessessew Bugssa Hailu; Amir Hasanzadeh; Hamid Yimam Hassen; Simon I Hay; Chi Linh Hoang; Michael K Hole; Nobuyuki Horita; H Dean Hosgood; Mihaela Hostiuc; Mowafa Househ; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Milena D Ilic; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Amr A Jamal; Ravi Prakash Jha; Jost B Jonas; Zubair Kabir; Amir Kasaeian; Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun; Getachew Mullu Kassa; Adane Teshome Kefale; Andre Pascal Kengne; Yousef Saleh Khader; Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Junaid Khan; Jagdish Khubchandani; Young-Eun Kim; Yun Jin Kim; Sezer Kisa; Adnan Kisa; Luke D Knibbs; Hamidreza Komaki; Parvaiz A Koul; Ai Koyanagi; G Anil Kumar; Qing Lan; Savita Lasrado; Paolo Lauriola; Carlo La Vecchia; Tham Thi Le; James Leigh; Miriam Levi; Shanshan Li; Alan D Lopez; Paulo A Lotufo; Fabiana Madotto; Narayan B Mahotra; Marek Majdan; Azeem Majeed; Reza Malekzadeh; Abdullah A Mamun; Navid Manafi; Farzad Manafi; Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani; Birhanu Geta Meharie; Hagazi Gebre Meles; Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles; Ritesh G Menezes; Tomislav Mestrovic; Ted R Miller; G.K. Mini; Erkin M Mirrakhimov; Babak Moazen; Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad; Shafiu Mohammed; Farnam Mohebi; Ali H Mokdad; Mariam Molokhia; Lorenzo Monasta; Masoud Moradi; Ghobad Moradi; Lidia Morawska; Seyyed Meysam Mousavi; Kamarul Imran Musa; Ghulam Mustafa; Mehdi Naderi; Mohsen Naghavi; Gurudatta Naik; Sanjeev Nair; Vinay Nangia; Jobert Richie Nansseu; Javad Nazari; Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe; Ruxandra Irina Negoi; Trang Huyen Nguyen; Cuong Tat Nguyen; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Molly R Nixon; Richard Ofori-Asenso; Felix Akpojene Ogbo; Andrew T Olagunju; Tinuke O Olagunju; Eyal Oren; Justin R Ortiz; Mayowa O Owolabi; M. Mahesh; Smita Pakhale; Adrian Pana; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas; Eun-Kee Park; Hai Quang Pham; Maarten J Postma; Hadi Pourjafar; Hossein Poustchi; Amir Radfar; Alireza Rafiei; Fakher Rahim; Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman; Muhammad Aziz Rahman; Salman Rawaf; David Laith Rawaf; Lal Rawal; Robert C. Reiner; Marissa Bettay Reitsma; Leonardo Roever; Luca Ronfani; Elias Merdassa Roro; Gholamreza Roshandel; Kristina E Rudd; Yogesh Damodar Sabde; Siamak Sabour; Basema Saddik; Saeed Safari; Komal Saleem; Abdallah M Samy; Milena M Santric-Milicevic; Bruno Piassi Sao Jose; Benn Sartorius; Maheswar Satpathy; Miloje Savic; Monika Sawhney; Sadaf G Sepanlou; Masood Ali Shaikh; Aziz Sheikh; Mika Shigematsu; Reza Shirkoohi; Si Si; Soraya Siabani; Virendra Singh; Jasvinder A Singh; Michael Soljak; Ranjani Somayaji; Moslem Soofi; Ireneous N Soyiri; Yonatal Mesfin Tefera; Mohamad-Hani Temsah; Berhe Etsay Tesfay; Jarnail Singh Thakur; Alemayehu Toma Toma; Miguel Tortajada-Girbés; Khanh Bao Tran; Bach Xuan Tran; Lorainne Tudor Car; Irfan Ullah; Marco Vacante; Pascual R Valdez; Job F M van Boven; Tommi Juhani Vasankari; Yousef Veisani; Francesco S Violante; Gregory R Wagner; Ronny Westerman; Charles D A Wolfe; Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash; Adam Belay Wondmieneh; Naohiro Yonemoto; Seok-Jun Yoon; Zoubida Zaidi; Mohammad Zamani; Heather J Zar; Yunquan Zhang; Theo Vos
Background: Previous attempts to characterise the burden of chronic respiratory diseases have focused only on specific disease conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. In this study, we aimed to characterise the burden of chronic respiratory diseases globally, providing a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis on geographical and time trends from 1990 to 2017. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, we estimated the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality attributable to chronic respiratory diseases through an analysis of deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and years of life lost (YLL) by GBD super-region, from 1990 to 2017, stratified by age and sex. Specific diseases analysed included asthma, COPD, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis, pneumoconiosis, and other chronic respiratory diseases. We also assessed the contribution of risk factors (smoking, second-hand smoke, ambient particulate matter and ozone pollution, household air pollution from solid fuels, and occupational risks) to chronic respiratory disease-attributable DALYs. Findings: In 2017, 544·9 million people (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 506·9–584·8) worldwide had a chronic respiratory disease, representing an increase of 39·8% compared with 1990. Chronic respiratory disease prevalence showed wide variability across GBD super-regions, with the highest prevalence among both males and females in high-income regions, and the lowest prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. The age-sex-specific prevalence of each chronic respiratory disease in 2017 was also highly variable geographically. Chronic respiratory diseases were the third leading cause of death in 2017 (7·0% [95% UI 6·8–7·2] of all deaths), behind cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms. Deaths due to chronic respiratory diseases numbered 3 914 196 (95% UI 3 790 578–4 044 819) in 2017, an increase of 18·0% since 1990, while total DALYs increased by 13·3%. However, when accounting for ageing and population growth, declines were observed in age-standardised prevalence (14·3% decrease), age-standardised death rates (42·6%), and age-standardised DALY rates (38·2%). In males and females, most chronic respiratory disease-attributable deaths and DALYs were due to COPD. In regional analyses, mortality rates from chronic respiratory diseases were greatest in south Asia and lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, also across both sexes. Notably, although absolute prevalence was lower in south Asia than in most other super-regions, YLLs due to chronic respiratory diseases across the subcontinent were the highest in the world. Death rates due to interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis were greater than those due to pneumoconiosis in all super-regions. Smoking was the leading risk factor for chronic respiratory disease-related disability across all regions for men. Among women, household air pollution from solid fuels was the predominant risk factor for chronic respiratory diseases in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, while ambient particulate matter represented the leading risk factor in southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania, and in the Middle East and north Africa super-region. Interpretation: Our study shows that chronic respiratory diseases remain a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with growth in absolute numbers but sharp declines in several age-standardised estimators since 1990. Premature mortality from chronic respiratory diseases seems to be highest in regions with less-resourced health systems on a per-capita basis. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license