Browsing by Author "Vineet Sharma"

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Accelerated stability study and quantitative estimation of piperine in Draksharishta
(J. K. Welfare and Pharmascope Foundation, 2017) Vaibhav Tiwari; B.M.N. Kumar; Vineet Sharma; Dev Nath Singh Gautam
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the accelerated stability study and estimation of piperine from Draksharishta. Accelerated stability study was done for 6 months to distinguish the stabiIity of polyherba I formulation in reference to its physicochemical, phytoconstituents within. Asava and Arishta are self-generated herbal fermentations of traditional ayurvedic system. Draksharishta was prepared as per AFI part-l (The Ayurvedic formulary of India, part-1) using authenticated raw drugs. For accelerated stability study for six months period the prepared sample of Draksharishta was placed in the controlled situation following ICH (International Conference on Harmonization) guidelines. The intermediate sampling was done at initial, after 1, 3 and 6 months respectively. The organoleptic characters and physicochemical parameters of samples showed similar results to that sample at starting the month; it indicates that product was stable and having required stability. No significant variations in the value of alcohol content, acidity and sugar content of sample had been reported over 6-month storage. An only significant variation in the value of total phenolic content was observed. On the basis of this stability study, it could be said that this formulation was stable for the period of more than 24 months on the basis of arrhenius equation. ©JK Welfare & Pharmascope Foundation.
Acute and sub-chronic toxicity study of traditional Indian medicine Manahshila (realgar)
(Korean Society of Environmental Risk Assessment and Health Science, 2020) Vineet Sharma; Dev Nath S. Gautam; Himanshu Rai; Narendra K. Singh
Objective: In the present scenario, interest and concerns are projected about arsenic and other heavy metal-containing formulations for their safety aspects. Although arsenical Ayurvedic formulations were used safely, on the other hand, it is not used as a single compound in the clinical practices that is why there is an importance to produce research-based confirmation that these compounds are safe. Manahshila (realgar) is one of the arsenical compounds which is widely used in preparation and practice of Ayurvedic medicine. The aim of the present study was to assess the safety profile of crude realgar (CR) and purified realgar (PR) in rats. Methods: The CR and PR were given to overnight starved animals at sorted doses by following the ‘Up and Down method’ with 2 g/kg for acute toxicity. In the sub-chronic toxicity, the CR and PR were given at the doses of 0.7, 3.5 and 7 mg/kg to rats for 28 days. Rats were slaughter after anaesthetized with an overdose of carbon dioxide on 29th day. The effects of both drugs were evaluated on body weight changes, food–water intake, changes in biochemical, haematological and histopathological parameters. Results: The PR-treated rats did not show any differences in gross behaviour up to 14 days, while CR-treated rats showed signs of toxicity like sedentary, trembling, piloerection, fore-limbs and body stretching through 14 days at the dose level of 2 g/kg. In the sub-chronic study, changes in weight, food–water intake, biochemical and cytoarchitecture in organs of CR and tenfold of a therapeutic dose of PR-treated rats were found. Conclusion: The obtained results showed that PR is safe at its effective dose for clinical practice. © 2020, Korean Society of Environmental Risk Assessment and Health Science.
Adjunct use of honey in diabetes mellitus: A consensus or conundrum?
(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Rohit Sharma; Natália Martins; Ashun Chaudhary; Neha Garg; Vineet Sharma; Kamil Kuca; Eugenie Nepovimova; Hardeep Singh Tuli; Anupam Bishayee; Anand Chaudhary; Pradeep Kumar Prajapati
Background: Honey is being used in Complementary and Alternative Medicine, especially in Indian Ayurvedic Medicine, as an adjuvant and supplement in diabetes mellitus treatment since immemorial times. In recent times, the use of honey has experienced a renewed interest in the context of diabetes treatment because of the rise in the accessibility of evidence-based pharmacological and clinical findings, signifying its health benefits. Scope and approach: There are differential opinions regarding the traditional use of honey in diabetes mellitus. The present review highlights various research propositions, hoisted issues, and misconceptions regarding the effects of honey in diabetes management and presents current challenges and future perspectives. A comprehensive critical review was performed by probing the traditional antidiabetic claims of honey, considering published reports in online databases. Key findings and conclusions: A total of 20 pre-clinical and 25 clinical studies investigated the antidiabetic effect of honey. Though in vivo studies are still limited, the findings reinforce the multi-targeted antidiabetic effect of honey, exerting antioxidant, nutritional, antihyperglycemic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, antihypertensive, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycaemic activities. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that honey may possess multi-faceted and adjunct effects to accomplish a better glycaemic control, ameliorate several metabolic derangements, and mitigate oxidative stress-evoked diabetic problems. Nevertheless, the findings remain inconclusive due to poor study designs and other limitations (e.g. short duration, few participants, the difference in type of study participants, varied honey sources, and administered doses). Overall, there is a significant gap in knowledge, and hence, carefully planned, detailed in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies are warranted to reach better conclusions. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Consumption of Ashtanga Ghrita (clarified cow butter added with herb extracts) improves cognitive dysfunction induced by scopolamine in rats via regulation of acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative stress
(De Gruyter Open Ltd, 2021) Vineet Sharma; Zeba Firdaus; Himanshu Rai; Prasanta Kumar Nayak; Tryambak Deo Singh; Dev Nath Singh Gautam
Objectives: Ashtanga Ghrita (AG), an Indian traditional formulation, has been used to promote neuropharmacological activities. AG is made up of clarified cow butter (ghee) and eight different herbs. Methods: To test whether scopolamine (SCP)-induced dementia and brain oxidative stress can be counteracted by AG, rats were separated into five groups (n=6/group): Group one control, group two SCP (1 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) treated and group three to five were co-treated with different doses of AG (1.25, 2.5 and 5 g/kg b.w., orally) and SCP. After the treatment regimen, behavioral (Y-maze test) and brain biochemical changes were measured in all groups. Results: Microbial load and heavy metals were found within permissible limits. Results from attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated the complexation/interaction of herbal phytoconstituents with the functional groups of Ghrita. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of AG exhibited the occurrence of flavonoids, phenolics, glycosides, steroids, triterpenes, tannins, and amino acids. Findings of the experimental study exhibited that AG significantly protected the rats from SCP-induced behavioral dysfunction and brain biochemical alterations. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that AG protects the brain from SCP-induced dementia by promoting brain antioxidant activity and thus could be a promising drug for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. © 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.
Cordyceps spp.: A Review on Its Immune-Stimulatory and Other Biological Potentials
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Gitishree Das; Han-Seung Shin; Gerardo Leyva-Gómez; María L. Del Prado-Audelo; Hernán Cortes; Yengkhom Disco Singh; Manasa Kumar Panda; Abhay Prakash Mishra; Manisha Nigam; Sarla Saklani; Praveen Kumar Chaturi; Miquel Martorell; Natália Cruz-Martins; Vineet Sharma; Neha Garg; Rohit Sharma; Jayanta Kumar Patra
In recent decades, interest in the Cordyceps genus has amplified due to its immunostimulatory potential. Cordyceps species, its extracts, and bioactive constituents have been related with cytokine production such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, phagocytosis stimulation of immune cells, nitric oxide production by increasing inducible nitric oxide synthase activity, and stimulation of inflammatory response via mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Other pharmacological activities like antioxidant, anti-cancer, antihyperlipidemic, anti-diabetic, anti-fatigue, anti-aging, hypocholesterolemic, hypotensive, vasorelaxation, anti-depressant, aphrodisiac, and kidney protection, has been reported in pre-clinical studies. These biological activities are correlated with the bioactive compounds present in Cordyceps including nucleosides, sterols, flavonoids, cyclic peptides, phenolic, bioxanthracenes, polyketides, and alkaloids, being the cyclic peptides compounds the most studied. An organized review of the existing literature was executed by surveying several databanks like PubMed, Scopus, etc. using keywords like Cordyceps, cordycepin, immune system, immunostimulation, immunomodulatory, pharmacology, anti-cancer, anti-viral, clinical trials, ethnomedicine, pharmacology, phytochemical analysis, and different species names. This review collects and analyzes state-of-the-art about the properties of Cordyceps species along with ethnopharmacological properties, application in food, chemical compounds, extraction of bioactive compounds, and various pharmacological properties with a special focus on the stimulatory properties of immunity. © Copyright © 2021 Das, Shin, Leyva-Gómez, Prado-Audelo, Cortes, Singh, Panda, Mishra, Nigam, Saklani, Chaturi, Martorell, Cruz-Martins, Sharma, Garg, Sharma and Patra.
Emerging evidence on Omicron (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 variant
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Vineet Sharma; Himanshu Rai; Dev N. S. Gautam; Pradeep K. Prajapati; Rohit Sharma
COVID's Omicron variant has sparked a slew of concerns across the globe. This review aims to provide a brief overview of what we know about the Omicron variant right now. The new variant has been discovered in 149 countries across all six World Health Organization (WHO) regions since its discovery in South Africa on November 24, 2021 and became the dominant variant in the country in less than 3 weeks. The WHO has warned that the B.1.1.529 variant is spreading at an unprecedented rate, and has urged countries to prepare for the worst. Over the course of this time, researchers from Africa and around the world have uncovered a wealth of information about the virus's epidemiology and biological properties. Case numbers are increasing exponentially in hard-hit areas such as South Africa, United Kingdom, and USA (overtaking the delta variant), implying that the variant is highly transmissible. Initial research has provided some insights into the efficacy of vaccines against the Omicron variant and whether it produces major illness, however, much remains unknown, and additional work is needed to investigate what the initial reports represent in real-world situations. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Ashtanga Ghrita: an Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation for Neurological Disorders
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Jyoti Singh; Anupriya Singh; Vineet Sharma; Tryambak Deo Singh; Meenakshi Singh; Ruchika Garg; Rohit Sharma; Dev Nath Singh Gautam
Purpose of Review: Ayurveda is an ancient Indian medical system with unique approaches for the treatment of various brain disorders. Ashtanga Ghrita, a cow Ghrita-based polyherbal classical formulation, has been well defined in ancient Ayurvedic texts Ashtanga Hridya to enhance speech, intellect, and memory. The formulation contains eight potent neuroprotective herbs along with clarified cow butter and milk. The review is aimed to come up with comprehensive scientific evidence regarding the plant ingredients of Ashtanga Ghrita so that it can be used for further clinical studies as well as to treat a variety of neurological diseases. Recent Findings: The plant ingredients have been practiced since ancient times for various disorders in India as well as worldwide. The plants contain various phytochemicals including terpenes, steroids, glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, amino acids, fatty acids, aryl esters, and carbohydrates. The collected pharmacological evidence suggests that all the plant ingredients have neuroprotective, anxiolytic, antidepressant, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, sedative, antiproliferative, and anticonvulsant activity. Summary: Based on the collected evidence, Ashtanga Ghrita may prove to be an effective neuroprotective drug and might be useful in various neurological disorders. Further, well-designed multicentric clinical trials are required to elucidate and comprehend the therapeutic potential of the formulation. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Polygonum glabrum Willd
(BRNSS Publication Hub, 2017) Vineet Sharma; Dev Nath Singh Gautam
The current paper reviewed the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Polygonum glabrum willd. belonging to family Polygonaceae. All the available information on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of P. glabrum was gathered through a library and electronic searches in Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and SciFinder for the period, 1886-2016. The plant P. glabrum was usually known as Rasna found almost in all parts of India ascending to an altitude of 1900 m from the sea level. P. glabrum is an important medicinal plant in the Indian system of medicine (Ayurveda). This plant is used by ethnic groups for the treatment of pain, jaundice, piles, pneumonia, burn, wound, etc. Major phytochemical compounds reported from the leaves and aerial parts of P. glabrum belong to sesquiterpenoids, flavonoids, and sterol which have a wide range of biological activities. Pharmacological activities reported for the plant P. glabrum are anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antifungal, antibacterial, antidepressant, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antimalarial, nephroprotective, anti-HIV, antidiabetic, and antiproliferative activity. Present available information revealed that more than 27 compounds isolated from the different plant parts of P. glabrum. Most of the compounds isolated from the leaves and aerial part of P. glabrum belong to flavonoids category which has a wide range of biological activities. Clinical study of isolated compounds may be performed to get prospective candidates for the treatment of cancer, liver disorders, malaria, and cardiovascular, neurological, and renal diseases.
Indian medicinal plants as drug leads in neurodegenerative disorders
(Elsevier, 2020) Rohit Sharma; Neha Garg; Deepanshu Verma; Preeti Rathi; Vineet Sharma; Kamil Kuca; Pradeep Kumar Prajapati
There is rising global interest toward herbal or traditional medicines due to their natural origin and lesser side effects than conventional synthetic drugs that have been described with unwanted but unavoidable side effects. Therefore herbal therapies are being preferred over conventional treatments as an effective remedy of many brain disorders. Ancient system of medicine-Ayurveda-is widely practiced in Indian subcontinent with a rich traditional wisdom of nootropic herbs known for their multidimensional utility in various conditions. Strewn information is available relating to role of Indian traditional herbs for various brain disorders. Present review includes: (i) common neurodegenerative brain disorders with the associated changes, (ii) important Ayurvedic botanicals having potential roles in neurodegenerative disorders with description of their traditional usage, administration, and possible mechanism of actions. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
Reviewing the Traditional/Modern Uses, Phytochemistry, Essential Oils/Extracts and Pharmacology of Embelia ribes Burm.
(MDPI, 2022) Vineet Sharma; Dev Nath Singh Gautam; Andrei-Flavius Radu; Tapan Behl; Simona Gabriela Bungau; Cosmin Mihai Vesa
Objectives: Embelia ribes Burm. (E. ribes, Myrsinaceae), also known as Vidanga in Ayurveda, has been shown to have significant therapeutic benefits on several disorders, and its main chemical bioactive constituent, embelin, has the therapeutic potential to be converted into innovative drugs, which is why it has recently received considerable interest. In the present work, we provide a higher level of comprehension, awareness, and extensive knowledge of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological characteristics of E. ribes throughout the last several decades (February 1965 to June 2021), emphasizing the importance of the study of essential oils extracted from E. ribes, which show a major potential for exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Materials and Methods: Google Scholar, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scifinder, Scopus, and ScienceDirect were used to conduct a thorough literature search. Results: E. ribes is high in essential oils, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and phenolics, all of which have medicinal benefits. The essential oils/extracts and isolated chemical constituents exhibited antioxidant activity, wound healing, antidiabetic, central nervous system (CNS)-related disease, antiviral, antiobesity, cardioprotective, antifungal, antibacterial, and antifertility activity, among other promising pharmacological effects. Conclusion: The translation between traditional applications and modern medicine may make E. ribes a promising target for the implementation of innovative medication. To investigate the efficacy and safety profile of E. ribes, further high-quality preclinical studies using advanced methodologies are required. © 2022 by the authors.
Role of vacha (Acorus calamus Linn.) in neurological and metabolic disorders: Evidence from ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and clinical study
(MDPI, 2020) Vineet Sharma; Rohit Sharma; DevNath Singh Gautam; Kamil Kuca; Eugenie Nepovimova; Natália Martins
Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn. (Acoraceae)) is a traditional Indian medicinal herb, which is practiced to treat a wide range of health ailments, including neurological, gastrointestinal, respiratory, metabolic, kidney, and liver disorders. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive up-to-date report on its ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, and pharmacotherapeutic potential, while identifying potential areas for further research. To date, 145 constituents have been isolated from this herb and identified, including phenylpropanoids, sesquiterpenoids, and monoterpenes. Compelling evidence is suggestive of the biopotential of its various extracts and active constituents in several metabolic and neurological disorders, such as anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and anti-obesity effects. The present extensive literature survey is expected to provide insights into the involvement of several signaling pathways and oxidative mechanisms that can mitigate oxidative stress, and other indirect mechanisms modulated by active biomolecules of A. calamus to improve neurological and metabolic disorders. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Standardization and antioxidant activity of an Ayurvedic formulation "Kushavleha"
(Medknow Publications, 2015) Vineet Sharma; Kritika Hem; Seth Ankit; Santosh Kumar Maurya
Background: Kushavleha, an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation is an effective medicine for urinary calculi and many more. The present study was carried out to standardize the formulation and established its antioxidant activity in vitro. Methods: The formulation was prepared in the laboratory with authenticated plant drugs. The standardization procedure was conducted on the basis of pharmacognostical and phytochemical parameters as directed by World Health Organization guidelines. Results: Powder study of Kushavleha shows several diagnostic characters such as starch with concentric hilum, pitted vessel, stone cells, fiber with oil globules, pollen grains, lignified fiber epidermis of testa, unicellular trichome and stellate trichome. However some major phytoconstituents like flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, steroids, glycosides, alkaloids and amino acids were found to be positive in preliminary phytoconstituent screening of formulation. Total phenolic, tannin, flavonoid and flavonol content were found to be 144.60 ± 0.41 mg/g in gallic acid equivalent, 123 ± 0.53 mg/g in tannic acid equivalent, 69 ± 0.12 mg/g in rutin equivalent and 0.61 ± 0.27 mg/g in rutin equivalent respectively. Moreover, total solid content, fat content, sugar content, reducing sugar and non reducing sugar were found to be 69 % (w/w), 3.08% (w/w), 68.70% (w/w), 14.21% (w/w) and 54.49% (w/w) respectively. The formulation also exhibited potential antioxidant activity in in vitro DPPH scavenging screening with an IC50 of 63.80 μg/mL. Conclusion: The present result will help in the quality control standardization tool for the manufacturing and processing of Kushavleha.