Browsing by Author "Vinita Pathak"

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A case study of noise pollution in the city of Varanasi
(Kalpana Corporation, 2006) B.D. Tripathi; Vinita Pathak; Alka R. Upadhyay
Due to lack of proper town planning in Varanasi with respect to the establishment of residential, commercial, industrial and silent zones, the situation is becoming worse with respect to noise pollution. During present investigation noise levels were monitored from nine different sites (four sites in commercial area, two sites in residential area and three sites in silent zone). Noise indices that is equivalent continuous noise level (Leq), noise climate (NC) and noise pollution level (Lnp) have been calculated for all the sampling sites.Present study revealed highest noise pollution level 101.37 dB (A) at Cantt, followed by Lanka 99.64 dB(A), Vidyapeeth road 98.4 dB(A), Durgakund 98.2 dB(A), Chowk 97.95 dB(A), Godowlia 96.9 dB(A), Kamacha 95.78 dB(A) and Ravindrapuri 81.50 dB(A). However, least noise pollution level 61.8 dB(A) was recorded at Dassaswamedh. Study revealed alarming condition of noise pollution in the city of Varanasi. © 2006 - Kalpana Corporation.
Accumulation of cadmium and copper from aqueous solutions using Indian Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)
(2009) Virendra Mishra; Vinita Pathak; Brahma Tripathi
[No abstract available]
Application of ozone based treatments of secondary effluents
(2011) Smriti Tripathi; Vinita Pathak; Devendra Mani Tripathi; B.D. Tripathi
The present work was aimed at studying the efficiency of ozone in oxidation processes, coliform inactivation and Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs) formation, associated with the potential of ozone to increase the Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon (BDOC) in secondary effluent with applied ozone doses of 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0mg/L for contact times of 2, 5 and 10min. The wastewater used in this work was collected from the Bhagwanpur Sewage Treatment Plant, Varanasi, India. Results of this experiment showed that 10mg O3/L O3 for 5min exposure was found most suitable dose for highest degradation of COD, TOC, UV254, color, turbidity and total nitrogen parameters. The inactivation range of microbial biomass range was found in between 95% and 98%. Experiment revealed the fact that aldehydes and carboxylic acid formation were significantly related with the ozone dose and exposure time and ozone might enhance the treatment efficiency of secondary effluent treatment. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Chemometric characterization of river water quality
(2013) Menka Kumari; Smriti Tripathi; Vinita Pathak; B.D. Tripathi
Various industrial facilities in the city of Varanasi discharge their effluent mixed with municipal sewage into the River Ganges at different discharge points. In this study, chemometric tools such as cluster analysis and box-whisker plots were applied to interpret data obtained during examination of River Ganges water quality. Specifically, we investigated the temperature (T), pH, total alkalinity, total acidity, electrical conductivity (EC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate nitrogen (N), phosphate (PO 4 2-), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in water samples collected from six sampling stations. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis was conducted using Ward's method. Proximity distance between EC and Cr was the smallest revealing a relationship between these parameters, which was confirmed by Pearson's correlation. Based on proximity distances, EC, Cr, Ni, Fe, N, COD, temperature, BOD, and total acidity comprised one group; Zn, Pb, Cd, total alkalinity, Cu, and phosphate (PO 4 2-) were in another group; and DO and pH formed a separate group. These groups were confirmed by Pearson's correlation (r) values that indicated significant and positive correlation between variables in the same group. Box-whisker plots revealed that as we go downstream, the pollutant concentration increases and maximum at the downstream station Raj Ghat and minimum at the upstream station Samane Ghat. Seasonal variations in water quality parameters signified that total alkalinity, total acidity, DO, BOD, COD, N, phosphate (PO 4 2-), Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe, Pb, and Zn were the highest in summer (March-June) and the lowest during monsoon season (July-October). Temperature was the highest in summer and the lowest in winter (November-February). DO was the highest in winter and the lowest in summer season. pH was observed to be the highest in monsoon and the lowest in summer season. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
Distribution of vehicular pollutants in street canyons of Varanasi, India: A different case
(2009) Santosh K. Prajapati; B.D. Tripathi; Vinita Pathak
In present study horizontal and vertical distribution of traffic-related pollutants (CO and SO2) within the street canyons in (CO and SO2) Varanasi, India was monitored. The results showed that average horizontal profiles of traffic-related pollutant concentrations within street canyon at leeward side were approximately same as that of windward side. However, the vertical concentration of both the pollutants decreases with height above the ground and study indicated that CO and SO2 concentrations at different heights below the roof showed clear vertical self-gradient. CO and SO2 concentration decreased with height and the minimum value occurred at the roof. It was concluded from the observed results that pollutants from vehicular exhaust emissions in the street canyon of Varanasi were evenly distributed. This result may be due to the fact that wind vortices are not formed. Therefore, urban planners can use this type of streets so that there is proper ventilation and dispersal of pollutants. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.
Dynamics of traffic noise in a tropical city Varanasi and its abatement through vegetation
(2008) Vinita Pathak; Brahma D. Tripathi; Virendra Kumar Mishra
Noise level monitoring and its reduction with different width and height of vegetation belt were studied in the Varanasi city. Noise level monitoring of the Varanasi city revealed the fact that area category A (without vegetation) was highly polluted as compare to area category B (with vegetation) having less fluctuation of traffic load. Four plant species Putranjeva roxburghi, Cestrum nocturnum, Hibiscus rosasinensis and Murraya peniculata were tested for noise reduction study at different frequencies. Experiment revealed the fact that H. rosasinensis reduced noise highest at both low and high frequencies (100-500 Hz, 22 dB and 2.5-6.3 KHz 26 dB), followed by M. peniculata (100-500 Hz, 18 dB and 2.5-6.3 KHz 20 dB), P. roxburghi (100-500 Hz 15 dB and 2.5-6.3 KHz 17 dB) and C. nocturnum (100-500 Hz 9 dB and 2.5-6.3 KHz 14 dB). Significance of vegetation belt in noise reduction was established with multiple regression models. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.
Evaluation of Anticipated Performance Index of some tree species for green belt development to mitigate traffic generated noise
(2011) Vinita Pathak; B.D. Tripathi; V.K. Mishra
Green belts are effective tools for mitigation of traffic generated noise. For green belt development it is necessary that plants used for green belts must be tolerant to air pollution. In this study, the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) of plants commonly used for green belt establishment in Varanasi city, Uttar Pradesh, India was evaluated with the help of analysis of some biochemical parameters. On the basis of APTI and some biological and socioeconomic parameters of plants, the Anticipated Performance Index (API) of these plants was calculated. Among all the plants taken under consideration Ficus infectoria L. ranks first and is a keystone species. Mangifera indica L. and Ficus religiosa L. were classified into the 'excellent' category. The most suitable plant species for green belt development in urban areas were identified and recommended. © 2010 Elsevier GmbH.
Evaluation of traffic noise pollution and attitudes of exposed individuals in working place
(2008) Vinita Pathak; B.D. Tripathi; Virendra kumar Mishra
The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the noise pollution problem in the Varanasi city and its effect on the exposed people. The study revealed the fact that noise levels have reached an alarming level. The result of the study indicated the fact that 85% of the people were disturbed by traffic noise, about 90% of the people reported that traffic noise is the main cause of headache, high BP problem, dizziness and fatigue. People having higher education and income level are much aware of the health impact due to traffic noise. Marital status was found to be significantly affecting the annoyance level caused by traffic noise. Traffic noise was found to be interfering daily activities such as at resting, reading, communication etc. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Physico-chemical and biological characterization of the large Oxbow Surhatal Wetland
(2008) B.D. Tripathi; Alka R. Upadhayay; Vinita Pathak
Present research work deals with the examination of physico-chemical and biological properties of the water of the 'Surha Tal'. It is an Ox-bow kind of lake which occupies an area of 34.32 sq. km. It is evident from the physical and chemical analysis that the values of dissolved solids (10.9±7 mg/1), total susp.ended solids 48.7±2.5 mg/i, dissolved Oxygen (10.9±0.7 mg/1), biological oxygen demand (4.8±0.2 mg/1) were more than the normal standard. The pH of water was observed as partly acidic and mostly alkaline. Out of the different nutrients, nitrogen (45.5±0.2 mg/I) and Phosp.horus (1.2±0.002 mg/1) were more than the required amount. The productivity of phytoplankton was maximum in March (2.83 g/carbon/m 2/day) and minimum (0.32 g/cargon/m 2/day) during August. Aquatic plants were represented by a total of 35 sp.ecies, whose number was maximum during rains, fewer during winters and minimum during summers.
Phytoremediation of mercury and arsenic from tropical opencast coalmine effluent through naturally occurring aquatic macrophytes
(2008) Virendra Kumar Mishra; Alka Rani Upadhyay; Vinita Pathak; B.D. Tripathi
Under the present investigation phytoremediation of mercury and arsenic from a tropical open cast coalmine effluent was performed. Three aquatic macrophytes Eichhornia crassipes, Lemna minor and Spirodela polyrrhiza removed appreciable amount of mercury and arsenic during 21 days experiment. Removal capacities of these macrophytes were found in the order of E. crassipes > L. minor > S. polyrrhiza. Translocation factor (shot to root ratio of heavy metals) revealed low transportation of metals from root to leaves leading higher accumulation of metals in root as compared to leaves of the plant. It was evident from plant tissue analysis that mercury and arsenic up take by macrophytes had deteriorated the N, P, K, chlorophyll and protein content in these macrophytes. Correlations between removal of arsenic and mercury from mining effluent and its increase in plant parts were highly significant. Results favoured selected species to use as promising accumulator of metals. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
Polynomial regression model for COD-BOD of dairy effluent
(Kalpana Corporation, 2006) Alka R. Upadhyay; B.D. Tripathi; Vinita Pathak
Analysis of COD requires very short duration in comparison to the long duration required for BOD analysis. During present investigation 288 samples of treated and untreated dairy effluents have been analysed for COD and BOD. With the help of a computer program ten polynomial regression models have been tested to establish relationship between COD-BOD. Polynomial regression models showed highest value for cubic model (R2 = 0.857) in treated dairy effluent. Therefore, cubic model was found most appropriate to predict the value of BOD on the basis of COD. © 2006 - Kalpana Corporation.