Browsing by Author "Vipin Kumar Singh"

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A critical review on the research trends and emerging technologies for arsenic decontamination from water
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Pardeep Singh; Anwesha Borthakur; Rishikesh Singh; Rahul Bhadouria; Vipin Kumar Singh; Pooja Devi
To understand the current research output on arsenic (As) removal and research related to the As contamination, a bibliometric analysis based on Scopus database was carried out. The analysis includes the research covering the leading countries and year wise literature outputs. Bibliometric analysis revealed increasing trend in research published on As removal (more than 1200 articles) using physico-chemical methods during 1995 onwards and United States of America (USA) as leading contributor. Among different research institutions, Chinese Academy of Sciences has contributed maximally to research articles reaching up to 950 and maximum 635 research articles were published in the journal Environmental Science and Technology with respect to As removal using physico-chemical methods. With respect to As removal using biological methods, around 400 research articles were recorded during 1995 onwards and maximum article contribution (1052) was registered for China followed by USA (964). Based on Scopus data 2021, maximum 222 articles on As removal using biological methods were recorded for the journal ‘Chemosphere’. The present review emphasizes on currently available physico-chemical as well as emerging treatment processes for the removal of As, generally occurring as arsenite and arsenate, from drinking water. It has been suggested by various studies that a combination of low-cost physico-chemical treatment methodologies like ion exchange, reverse osmosis, precipitation, filtration and adsorption along with biological methods can be a safe alternative for As removal from drinking water. Overall, the study suggests that there is a strong need for further research on efficient processes involving lab to land approaches for As removal from groundwater in order to reduce the toxicity and contamination of As in drinking water. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
A Newton-Like method for generalized operator equations in Banach spaces
(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2014) D.R. Sahu; Krishna Kumar Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh
In this paper, we are concerned with the semilocal convergence analysis of a Newton-like method discussed by Bartle (Amer Math Soc 6: 827–831, 1955) to solve the generalized operator equations containing nondifferentiatble term in Banach spaces. This method has also been studied by Rheinboldt (SIAM J Numer Anal 5: 42–63, 1968). The aim of the paper is to discuss the convergence analysis under local Lipschitz condition our results extend and improve the previous ones in the sense of local Lipschitz conditions. We apply our results to solve the Fredholm-type operator equations. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
A rare non-synonymous c.102C>G SNP in the IFNB1 gene might be a risk factor for cerebral malaria in Indian populations
(2013) Aditya Nath Jha; Vipin Kumar Singh; Rajender Singh; Sudhanshu S. Pati; Pradeep K. Patra; Lalji Singh; Kumarasamy Thangaraj
Interferon beta1 (IFNB1) is a type I interferon that is mainly known for its antiviral activity, but it also regulates a number of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. Studies on mouse models of cerebral malaria have established that IFNB1 regulates severe malaria pathogenesis and increases overall survival against malaria. It down-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines: TNF, IFNG and ICAM-1, resulting in decreased adherence of Plasmodium falciparum parasitized RBC to capillary wall, entry into the brain and delayed onset of death. Therefore, we hypothesized that variations in IFNB1 gene could regulate malarial pathogenesis. We re-sequenced the complete IFNB1 gene along with 900bp of 5' up-stream and 500bp of 3'-UTR in 437 individuals from malaria endemic regions of the Orissa and Chhattisgarh states of India. The subjects comprised of 173 cases of severe malaria, 101 of mild malaria, and 156 ethnically matched asymptomatic controls. Data were statistically compared between cases and controls for their possible association with P. falciparum malarial outcome. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): a synonymous c.153C>T (rs1051922) and a non-synonymous substitution c.102C>G (rs139262191, p.Ser34Arg) were identified. The genotype and allele distribution of c.153C>T did not differ significantly between the study groups [mild, χ22=4.10, p-value<0.13 and severe χ22=0.06, p-value<0.97]. Interestingly, the rare non-synonymous SNP (rs139262191) was observed only in malaria patients. The differences between all cases and controls did not reach statistical significance, however, a statistically significant difference was observed between the asymptomatic control group and the cerebral malaria group [OR=20.32, 95% CI=1.08-382.63, p-value=0.044]. Moreover, the genotypes between cerebral malaria positive and negative groups were not significantly different [OR=5.58, 95% CI=0.61-50.97, p-value=0.123]. Our findings suggest that the IFNB1 variant, p.Ser34Arg, might be a risk factor for cerebral malaria in Indian populations. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
A third order Newton-like method and its applications
(MDPI AG, 2018) D.R. Sahu; Ravi P. Agarwal; Vipin Kumar Singh
In this paper, we design a new third order Newton-like method and establish its convergence theory for finding the approximate solutions of nonlinear operator equations in the setting of Banach spaces. First, we discuss the convergence analysis of our third order Newton-like method under the ω-continuity condition. Then we apply our approach to solve nonlinear fixed point problems and Fredholm integral equations, where the first derivative of an involved operator does not necessarily satisfy the Hölder and Lipschitz continuity conditions. Several numerical examples are given, which compare the applicability of our convergence theory with the ones in the literature. © 2018 by the authors.
Advances in Cyanobacterial Biology
(Elsevier, 2020) Prashant Kumar Singh; Ajay Kumar; Vipin Kumar Singh; Alok Kumar Shrivastava
Advances in Cyanobacterial Biology presents the novel, practical, and theoretical aspects of cyanobacteria, providing a better understanding of basic and advanced biotechnological application in the field of sustainable agriculture. Chapters have been designed to deal with the different aspects of cyanobacteria including their role in the evolution of life, cyanobacterial diversity and classification, isolation, and characterization of cyanobacteria through biochemical and molecular approaches, phylogeny and biogeography of cyanobacteria, symbiosis, Cyanobacterial photosynthesis, morphological and physiological adaptation to abiotic stresses, stress-tolerant cyanobacterium, biological nitrogen fixation. Other topics include circadian rhythms, genetics and molecular biology of abiotic stress responses, application of cyanobacteria and cyanobacterial mats in wastewater treatments, use as a source of novel stress-responsive genes for development of stress tolerance and as a source of biofuels, industrial application, as biofertilizer, cyanobacterial blooms, use in Nano-technology and nanomedicines as well as potential applications. This book will be important for academics and researchers working in cyanobacteria, cyanobacterial environmental biology, cyanobacterial agriculture and cyanobacterial molecular biologists. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Agriculture in the era of climate change: Consequences and effects
(Elsevier, 2019) Rahul Bhadouria; Rishikesh Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh; Anwesha Borthakur; Arif Ahamad; Gaurav Kumar; Pardeep Singh
The changing environmental conditions, especially global warming and climate variability, are major concerns and have an adverse impact over the future of agriculture. The changing climate has become a global issue which needs rapid policy development at national and international levels. The melting of massive Himalayan glaciers would considerably change the impact of temperature regimes which is necessary for blossoming of several crop plants. Thus, the current generation needs to find solutions to combat the negative impacts of environmental consequences on agricultural crops. Useful strategies include the conservation of the world’s huge biodiversity together with other natural resources. Modifications in currently used agricultural practices and the search for new plant species tolerant to different abiotic and biotic environmental stresses could help to mitigate the negative impact of climate change. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
An insight into the molecular docking interactions of plant secondary metabolites with virulent factors causing common human diseases
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Ajay Kumar; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh; Chandra Kant; Amit Kishore Singh; Vijay Tripathi; Kalpna Singh; Vijay Kumar Sharma; Joginder Singh
Plant natural products or secondary metabolites have gained significant attention globally because of discoveries of semi-synthetic drugs novel bioactive compounds. Currently, a large part of global population relies on natural products to cure ailments and even chronic diseases and to enhance their immune system. Interestingly, the commonly used drugs for the treatment of some common human diseases like cancer, ulcer, tuberculosis, asthma, etc., have been reported to be of plant origin and recognized to elicit beneficial effects in virulent factors of diseases in vivo and in vitro. The herbal drugs are economical and considered as safe upto certain extent from major side effects. But, still there is need of rapid collection, characterization, taxonomy, certification, and storage for broad, efficient and effective use in drug design or discovery. In this review, we summarized the plants derived secondary metabolites used in treating common human diseases and emphasised the protein-ligand interactions between virulent factors of diseases namely Insulin, p53, Proteasome-associated ATPase, Enterotoxin, Choleragen, IgE with secondary metabolites Aloin, Sesamin, Alliin, Flavanon, Salannin Octyl-β-d-Glucopyranoside of plants respectively, through molecular docking. This study will play a valuable and effective role in drug designing and screening plant-derived metabolites for drug designing. © 2021 SAAB
Analysis of endophytic microbes harboring in medicinal plants of Himalayan region with their medicinal properties
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Monika Singh; Ananya Naskar; Anisha Rupashree; Minakshi Rajput; Vipin Kumar Singh
Endophytic microbes coexist inside the plant without causing any negative impact on host. Endophytic microbes including bacteria and fungi represent huge diversity in the plants of Himalayan region with immense economic importance. Since ages, medicinal plants like Ocimum sanctum, Cinnamomum camphora, Arnebia euchroma, Taxus wallichiana, Picrorhiza kurroa (Kutki) and Pinus roxburghii are used in Ayurveda due to high curative properties. Endophytes present in these plants have been found to be associated with plant growth-promoting activities as well as therapeutic properties such as antimicrobial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic. Some endophytic microbes isolated from plants of Himalayan region are documented to produce different bioactive compounds of therapeutic interest. The species of microbes are; Tolypocladium niveum, Cylindrocarpon lucidum, Enterobacter cloacae, Alternaria alternata, Pseudomonas, Bacillus sp., etc. All have caliber to synthesize various compounds of medicinal interest against various diseases like respiratory, gastrointestinal, and skin diseases as well as repair of oncogenic cells. Therefore, it is of key significance to focus on researches pertaining to enhancement of bioactive potential in view of human health. Through a web search using the keywords “endophytes harboring in medicinal plants of Himalyan region” or “Himalayan region endophytes with their medicinal properties,” we have succinctly summarised the various medicinal plants and their endophytes residing the plants of Himalayan region with their medicinal significance in the present review. Here, we have comprehensively discussed the diversity of endophytic microbes including bacteria and fungi present in the plants and their medicinal properties to cure severe human diseases. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Analysis of genetic variants in the IL4 promoter and VNTR loci in Indian patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis
(Elsevier Inc., 2014) Anshuman Mishra; Aditya Nath Jha; Hoang van Tong; Vipin Kumar Singh; Carlos E.M. Gomes; Lalji Singh; Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan; Kumarasamy Thangaraj
Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severest form of Leishmaniasis and resistance to infection is mediated by cellular immune responses. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) orchestrates of Th2 and Th1 immune responses during infections. In this study, we aimed to investigate possible association between three functional IL-4 polymorphisms -590C/T (rs2243250), -34C/T (rs2070874) and 70bp VNTR (rs79071878 in intron3) with VL in an Indian cohort comprising of 197 VL patients and 193 healthy controls. The three investigated IL-4 polymorphisms were in strong linkage disequilibrium. The investigated IL-4 alleles, genotypes and the reconstructed haplotypes were not significantly distributed between the VL patients and healthy controls. Our study signifies no possible association of functional IL-4 polymorphisms with Indian VL and postulate other vital genes involved in the IL-4 pathway may provide genetic clues to elucidate of IL-4 regulation and immune-pathogenesis during VL. © 2014 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics.
Anethum graveolens Essential Oil Encapsulation in Chitosan Nanomatrix: Investigations on In Vitro Release Behavior, Organoleptic Attributes, and Efficacy as Potential Delivery Vehicles Against Biodeterioration of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(Springer, 2021) Somenath Das; Vipin Kumar Singh; Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy; Anand Kumar Chaudhari; Nawal Kishore Dubey
The study deals with first time report on encapsulation of chemically characterized Anethum graveolens essential oil within chitosan nanomatrix (Nm-AGEO) using ionic gelation technique to enhance the antimicrobial, antiaflatoxigenic, antioxidant, and in situ efficacy against stored rice biodeterioration. GC-MS analysis of AGEO revealed dill apiol (33.79%), carvone (27.19%), and limonene (13.76%) as major components. Nm-AGEO characterization through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed successful encapsulation of AGEO within chitosan as an encapsulant. Biphasic and sustained release pattern reflected controlled volatilization of bioactives, helpful in shelf-life extension of stored food commodities. Nm-AGEO caused significant impairment in fungal ergosterol biosynthesis and enhanced leakage of vital ions indicating destabilization in plasma membrane integrity. Inhibition of methylglyoxal (aflatoxin inducer) biosynthesis by Nm-AGEO confirmed novel antiaflatoxigenic mechanism of action, suggesting its future exploitation for development of aflatoxin-resistant rice varieties through green transgenics. Nm-AGEO induced impairment in antioxidant defense enzymes (SOD, CAT) and non-enzymatic defense biomolecules GSH and GSSG revealing biochemical mechanism of action. In silico modeling of carvone and limonene with Omt-A and Ver-1 genes suggested molecular mechanism of aflatoxin inhibition. Treatment of rice samples with Nm-AGEO caused significant protection from aflatoxin B1 contamination and lipid peroxidation without altering organoleptic properties. Moreover, favorable safety profile for mammalian system and non-phytotoxic nature of chitosan-fabricated AGEO nanoemulsion-based delivery system recommend attention of food industries for its formulation as potential green preservative. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature.
Angelica archangelica essential oil loaded chitosan nanoemulsion as edible coating for preservation of table grape fruit against Botrytis cinerea contamination and storage quality deterioration
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Somenath Das; Anand Kumar Chaudhari; Vipin Kumar Singh; Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy; Nawal Kishore Dubey
The present study deals with the encapsulation of Angelica archangelica essential oil into chitosan nanoemulsion (AAEO-NE) and evaluation of its effectiveness as novel coating agent with innovative controlled release delivery system for protection of table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) fruit against Botrytis cinerea contamination, and quality deterioration over 30 d of storage (25 ± 2 °C, Relative humidity 85%). The AAEO-NE was characterized through dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The mean particle size was tended to increase from 53.69 to 98.63 nm, while ζ-potential was decreased from + 32.3 to + 23.5 mV. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analyses suggested intermolecular interaction followed by effective encompassment of AAEO into chitosan nanomatrix. In vitro release study confirmed the biphasic and controlled delivery of AAEO, essentially required for its long term effectiveness in view of maintaining postharvest quality of the treated fruit. The antifungal efficacy of unencapsulated AAEO against B. cinerea was found as 5.5 g L−1, and noticed to be enhanced (2.5 g L−1) after encapsulation into chitosan nanoemulsion. The inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis followed by subsequent enhancement of ions leakage after treatment of B. cinerea cells with AAEO-NE suggested plasma membrane as major site of antifungal activity. During in vivo investigation, AAEO-NE coating inhibited the contamination of B. cinerea and maintained the quality attributes like weight, titrable acidity, total soluble solids, phenolic content, and pH of table grape fruit. Additionally, the preservation of enzymatic antioxidants, reduced respiration rate, and better sensory qualities of coated table grape fruit recommend the functional potentiality of chitosan as biocompatible wall matrix to encapsulate AAEO and application as novel nano-green smart coating based fungitoxicant and shelf-life enhancer in fruit and agricultural industries. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
Antifungal and antioxidant activity of plant based essential oils on Aspergillus flavus Link (Trichocomaceae) isolated from stored maize grains of Meghalaya
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021) Mayondi Grace Ramsdam; Anand Kumar Chaudhari; Vipin Kumar Singh; Mamtaj S. Dkhar; Highland Kayang; Nawal Kishore Dubey; Bhanu Prakash
Essential oils from five medicinal aromatic plants viz. Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall, Artemisia nilagirica Clarke, Curcuma longa Linn, Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. were evaluated for their efficacy as antifungal agents against the growth of toxigenic Aspergillus flavus Link isolated from stored maize of Meghalaya. Antifungal activity of essential oils was evaluated by determining the Minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and Minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC). Among the five essential oils tested, Litsea cubeba essential oil showed high antifungal activity with complete mycelia growth inhibition at 0.8µl/ml. Scanning Electron Microscopy of A. flavus exposed to oils showed hyphae and conidiophore damages. The essential oil exhibited antioxidant activity through DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay as IC50 value ranged between 0.59 and 14.44µl/ml and are non-phytotoxic during seed germination experiments with maize seeds. Based on the antifungal, antioxidant and non-phytotoxic potential, the tested essential oils may be recommended as eco-friendly seed protectants. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Antimicrobial activity, antiaflatoxigenic potential and in situ efficacy of novel formulation comprising of Apium graveolens essential oil and its major component
(Academic Press Inc., 2019) Somenath Das; Vipin Kumar Singh; Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy; Anand Kumar Chaudhari; Neha Upadhyay; Akanksha Singh; Deepika; Nawal Kishore Dubey
The present study reports the formulation of Apium graveolens essential oil (AGEO) with its major components linalyl acetate (LA) and geranyl acetate (GA) (1:1:1) as a novel green preservative for protection of postharvest food commodities from fungal infestations, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) secretion, free radical generation and lipid peroxidation. The essential oil based novel formulation displayed considerable inhibitory action against fourteen food borne molds responsible for deterioration of stored food commodities, in addition to the most toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus (AFLHPR14) isolated from fungal and aflatoxin contaminated rice seeds. The observed higher efficacy of designed formulation was due to the synergistic action of essential oil and its major components. Fungal plasma membrane was recorded as the possible target site of antifungal action of the formulation as revealed through reduction in membrane ergosterol content, increased intracellular propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence and enhanced leakage of cellular ions (sodium, potassium, calcium) and 260, 280 nm absorbing materials. Further, inhibition of methylglyoxal (an aflatoxin inducer) confirmed the aflatoxin inhibitory potential of novel formulation based on essential oil and its major components. High antioxidant potential as observed through DPPH[rad] and ABTS·+ radical scavenging assay, improved phenolic content, considerable inhibition of lipid peroxidation in stored rice seeds, in situ efficacy on AFB1 inhibition in food system under storage container system, acceptable sensorial characteristics and favorable safety profile during animal trials suggest the recommendation of the designed formulation for large scale application as green preservative by food and agriculture based industries against fungal and aflatoxin contamination of stored commodities. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.
Antimicrobial, Aflatoxin B1 Inhibitory and Lipid Oxidation Suppressing Potential of Anethole-Based Chitosan Nanoemulsion as Novel Preservative for Protection of Stored Maize
(Springer, 2020) Anand Kumar Chaudhari; Vipin Kumar Singh; Somenath Das; Deepika; Bijendra Kumar Singh; Nawal Kishore Dubey
Aflatoxins (AFs) are the most frequent contaminants of maize and maize-based products, and its consumption can cause severe adverse effects to humans and animals. The efficacy of essential oils (EOs) and their bioactive compounds as potential antifungal agents has been well documented against food-borne fungi. This study evaluates the preservative potency of anethole-based chitosan nanoemulsion (Ant-eCsNe) to control deterioration of stored maize samples from fungal infestation, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination and lipid oxidation. Release study indicated a relatively good sustainable release profile for the encapsulated anethole after 10 days. The Ant-eCsNe showed improved efficacy against A. flavus (AF-LHP-VS8) and other common food-borne moulds and inhibited growth and AFB1 biosynthesis at 0.8 and 0.4 μL/mL, respectively. Ant-eCsNe caused concentration-dependent inhibition of ergosterol content and increased efflux of cellular ions (Ca+2, Mg+2 and K+) and 260 and 280 nm absorbing materials, suggesting damage of fungal plasma membrane. Inhibition of methylglyoxal in fungal cells treated with Ant-eCsNe signifies its novel antiaflatoxigenic mechanism of action. Ant-eCsNe exhibited strong in vitro DPPH• and ABTS+• scavenging activity with IC50 value 89.36 and 45.05 μL/mL, respectively, and inhibited lipid oxidation in stored maize samples. Further, Ant-eCsNe exhibited reasonably strong efficacy in preserving maize samples from fungal and AFB1 contamination during in vivo investigations and did not change the sensory attributes as well. Overall results revealed that Ant-eCsNe holds good potential to be applied as food preservative to reduce fungal and aflatoxin contamination causing deterioration of stored maize. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Arsenic sequestration by manganese-oxidizing Acinetobacter sp
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), 2016) Asha Lata Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh; Akhilesh Yadav
This paper presents the potential of manganese (Mn)-oxidizing bacteria in removing arsenic from synthetic solution. Mnoxidizing bacterium was isolated from arsenic and manganese contaminated ground water from district Ballia (UP), India. The bacterium was identified as Acinetobacter sp. by the Institue of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India. Synthetic solution of Mn (25 ppm) was treated with Acinetobacter sp. (20 mg/mL) biomass in neutral pH (7.0) at ambient temperature. Acinetobacter sp. was found efficient to oxidize 44.04% (11.01 ppm) Mn within 2 h. Kinetics of Mn oxidation showed that maximum velocity (Vmax) for Mn oxidation was 16.69 μM mg-1 h-1, while kinetic constant (Km) was found to be 1.09 mM. Mn oxidation by Acinetobacter sp. follows the Michalis-Menten kinetics. Free and immobilized cells of Mn-oxide laden Acinetobacter sp. was used for removal of arsenite [As(III)] from arsenite contaminated water. Free and immobilized cells of Mn-oxide (11.01 ppm) laden Acinetobacter sp. biomass (20 mg/mL) was effective in removing of 0.760 ppm arsenite within 30 min and 3.39 ppm arsenite within 15 min from 5 ppm As(III) containing synthetic solution at pH 7. The immobilized cells of Mn-oxide laden Acinetobacter sp. were found to be 4.46 times more effective for the removal of As(III) as compared to the free cells.
Assessing the Levisticum officinale Koch. essential oil as a novel preservative for stored chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) with emphasis on probable mechanism of action
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Deepika; Anand Kumar Chaudhari; Somenath Das; Vipin Kumar Singh; Jitendra Prasad; Nawal Kishore Dubey
The present study was undertaken to explore the inhibitory effect of Levisticum officinale Koch. essential oil (LoffEO) on the growth and aflatoxin B1 secretion by Aspergillus flavus (AF-LHP-SH1, aflatoxigenic strain) causing deterioration of stored chia seeds (Salvia hispanica). The chemical profile analysis of LoffEO by GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of α-terpinyl acetate (26.03 %) as a major component followed by terpineol <1- > (24.03 %) and citronellal (24.03 %). Results on antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity indicated that LoffEO at 2.0 and 1.75 μL/mL caused complete inhibition of growth and aflatoxin B1 production, respectively. Antifungal toxicity of LoffEO was strongly correlated with the inhibition of ergosterol content, leakage of cellular ions, and disintegration of membrane permeability. Reduction in cellular methylglyoxal by LoffEO indicated a novel antiaflatoxigenic mechanism of action. The LoffEO showed moderate free radical quenching activity in DPPH assay (IC50 = 26.10 μL/mL) and exhibited remarkable inhibitory efficacy against lipid peroxidation of chia seeds. In addition, LoffEO presented strong in situ antiaflatoxigenic efficacy, and exhibited non-phytotoxic nature, acceptable sensory characteristics, and favorable safety profile (LD50 = 19786.59 μL/kg), which recommends its practical utilization as a novel and safe preservative to improve the shelf life of stored chia seeds from fungal infestation and aflatoxin B1 contamination. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Assessment of chemically characterised Myristica fragrans essential oil against fungi contaminating stored scented rice and its mode of action as novel aflatoxin inhibitor
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2020) Somenath Das; Vipin Kumar Singh; Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy; Anand Kumar Chaudhari; Neha Upadhyay; Akanksha Singh; Ajay Krishna Saha; Shaon Ray Chaudhury; Bhanu Prakash; Nawal Kishore Dubey
The study reports chemically characterised Myristica fragrans essential oil (MFEO) as plant based food preservative against fungal and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination of scented rice varieties. The chemical profile of MFEO revealed elemicin (27.08%), myristicine (21.29%) and thujanol (18.55%) as major components. The minimum inhibitory and minimum aflatoxin inhibitory concentrations of MFEO were 2.75 and 1.5 mg/ml, respectively. The MFEO was efficacious against a broad spectrum of food deteriorating fungi. MFEO caused decrease in ergosterol content of fungal plasma membrane and enhanced leakage of cellular ions, depicting plasma membrane as the site of action. The MFEO caused reduction in cellular methylglyoxal content, the aflatoxin inducer. This is the first report on MFEO as aflatoxin suppressor. The essential oil may be recommended as plant based food preservative after large scale trials and reduction in methylglyoxal suggests its application for development of aflatoxin resistant varieties through green transgenics. © 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Assessment of chemically characterized nanoencapuslated Ocimum sanctum essential oil against aflatoxigenic fungi contaminating herbal raw materials and its novel mode of action as methyglyoxal inhibitor
(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Vipin Kumar Singh; Somenath Das; Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy; Raju Rathore; Nawal Kishore Dubey
The study reports industrial significance of chemically characterized nanoencapuslated Ocimum sanctum essential oil (OSEO) against fungi contaminating herbal raw materials and aflatoxin B 1 secretion. The chitosan encapsulated OSEO exhibited enhanced antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic potential as compared to unencapsulated OSEO. The nanoencapsulated OSEO reduced the ergosterol content and enhanced the leakage of vital cellular ions along with the loss of 260 and 280 nm absorbing material suggesting fungal plasma membrane as action site. The nanoencapsulated OSEO also reduced the methylglyoxal content, the aflatoxin inducing substrate. In addition, the OSEO nanoemulsion possessed promising antioxidant potential. The nanoemulsion was characterized through SEM, FTIR and XRD analysis. This is the first report on assessment of OSEO loaded novel chitosan nanoemulsion against aflatoxin B 1 contamination. The study recommends application of the encapsulated OSEO to extend the shelf life of stored herbal raw materials and the findings also lead towards the development of aflatoxin and methylglyoxal resistant medicinal plants through green transgenics. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
Assessment of chemically characterized Salvia sclarea L. essential oil and its combination with linalyl acetate as novel plant based antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic and antioxidant agent against herbal drugs contamination and probable mode of action
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021) Vipin Kumar Singh; Somenath Das; Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy; Anand Kumar Chaudhari; Neha Upadhyay; Nawal Kishore Dubey
The present investigation reports antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic efficacy of Salvia sclarea essential oil (SSEO) and its combination with Linalyl acetate (LA) (1:1) against herbal drug deteriorating molds and aflatoxin B1 contamination. GC-MS analysis of SSEO showed Linalyl Acetate (LA) (61.33%) and Linalool (LL) (17.59%) as major components. The SSEO and LA combination displayed better antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity as compared to SSEO and LA used individually. SSEO and LA combination was effective in reduction of ergosterol and enhanced leakage of vital ions and UV-absorbing materials in a dose dependent manner. The combination caused significant reduction in cellular methylglyoxal content, an aflatoxin inducer suggesting its future application for development of aflatoxin resistant herbal drug varieties through green transgenics. The combination also showed pronounced antioxidant activity as compared to SSEO and LA used separately. Interestingly, the combination showed significant in situ protection of Picrorhiza kurroa rhizomes against mould infestation. © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Assessment of chitosan biopolymer encapsulated α-Terpineol against fungal, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and free radicals mediated deterioration of stored maize and possible mode of action
(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Anand Kumar Chaudhari; Akanksha Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh; Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy; Somenath Das; Mayondi Grace Ramsdam; Mumtaz S Dkhar; Highland Kayang; Nawal Kishore Dubey
This study reports enhanced efficacy of encapsulated α-Terpineol to control fungal, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and free radicals mediated deterioration of stored maize samples. The α-Terpineol loaded chitosan nanoemulsion (α-TCsNe) was characterized through SEM, FTIR and XRD techniques. The α-TCsNe exhibited enhanced antifungal activity against aflatoxin secreting strain of Aspergillus flavus (AF-LHP-S1) and 12 other food borne moulds as well as AFB1 production at 0.4 and 0.3 µL/mL, respectively. Further, α-TCsNe inhibited ergosterol synthesis, methylglyoxal (the aflatoxin enhancer) content and enhanced cellular contents release. α-TCsNe showed enhanced radical scavenging activity with IC50 value equivalent to 39.57 and 6.23 µL/mL for DPPH and ABTS, respectively. In addition, α-TCsNe completely inhibited AFB1 production in stored maize samples during in situ investigation. Overall, α-TCsNe holds a promising potential and can be recommended as a novel antifungal preservative to improve the shelf-life of stored maize samples against fungal and aflatoxin contamination. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd