Browsing by Author "Vishal Tyagi"

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A review of India’s fodder production status and opportunities
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Deo Narayan Singh; Jitendra S. Bohra; Vishal Tyagi; Tejbal Singh; Tej R. Banjara; Gaurendra Gupta
This review paper aims at an in-depth analysis of the challenges, opportunities, and status of fodder production in India. A comprehensive review of available literature and various reports by govt. as well as non govt. organizations have been done as part of the methodology for preparing the manuscript. India caters to approximately 20% of the world's livestock population and about 17.5% of the human population on just 2.3% of the world's land area. The human population is increasing at a pace of 1.6% per annum, while the livestock population is increasing at a rate of 0.66% per year. Theses increasing human and animal populations are fighting tooth and nail for land resources for food and fodder production, respectively. As a result, cultivated fodders occupy only 4% of the entire cultivable land in the country. Presently, the country faces a net shortfall of 35.6% green fodder, 10.5% dry crop leftovers, and 44% concentrate feed ingredients. The option for increasing land area under fodder cultivation is very limited. Hence, it is big challenge in front of us to utilize the available meagre land wisely with its fullest potential to produce the fodders for the animals. Which could be achieved by adopting suitable cropping systems, incorporation of fodder crops in food and other cash crop-based cropping systems on rotational basis, production of fodder on degraded lands by adopting fodder-based agro forestry systems and exploring other options of green fodder like azolla. The cropping system with forage crops provides a potential alternative to overcome the fodder problem as it utilizes the resources more efficiently. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Agronomic interventions for drought management in crops
(Springer Singapore, 2020) Vishal Tyagi; Mona Nagargade; Ramesh Kumar Singh
Water stress is considered a worldwide problem and is one of the most and major disastrous abiotic stresses. India is the most vulnerable country for water stress because of population growth, changing demography, and land use change. Fast changing climate is further aggravating this problem by affecting rainfall and water-use pattern, groundwater availability, and runoff; thus, deficit in rainfall is the major cause of drought. Drought has its wider impact on all sectors, but agriculture is the most affected one because Indian agriculture still depends largely upon monsoon rainfall, and about 68% of cropped area in India is vulnerable to drought. Drought affects crop plants by hampering its growth and development. Drought stress reduces yield of crops by affecting germination, seedling growth, several physiological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, assimilate transport, water relation, and nutrient uptake. To overcome the problem of drought, there is a need of interdisciplinary approach, i.e. agronomy, plant breeding, plant physiology, plant biotechnology, water engineering, and others, to develop new approaches in water use. Agronomic approaches such as mulching, conservation tillage, intercropping, early sowing, selection of crops and their varieties, and micro irrigation are technically feasible and economically viable options to overcome drought problem in crops. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020. All rights reserved.
Allelopathic effect of cocklebur extract on the fertility status of soil in transplanted rice by controlling weed
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2016) Ekta Kumari; Pravin Kumar Upadhyay; Avijit Sen; Priyankar Raha; Javvadi Padmavathi; Mona Nagargade; Vishal Tyagi
Nutrient status plays a sine quo non role in maintaining the fertility of any soil. All the soil and plant indices are directly or indirectly related to it. In this experiment the use of xanthium is taken as key indicator for not just control over the prominent weeds of rice but this reduction of weed intensity thereby increase the nutrient reserves in the soil. In rice, weed control at early stage is imperative for realizing desired level of productivity. Here extraction from cocklebur is taken as a weed management tool to find out the effect of varying rates of Xanthium strumarium extract through different solvents(petroleum ether, methanol and water extract @1000mg L-1, 2000mg L-1 and 3000mg L-1 each respectively) on dry weight of weed, nutrient content and removal by rice plant. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with twelve treatments replicated thrice on variety HUR 3022 including butachlor, pretilachlor and control. The nutrient availability was measured in terms of its content of the varied treatments and its uptake of nutrient in soil and plant at 30, 60 and 90 days after transplanting and at harvest. The application of petroleum ether extract @ 3000 mg L-1 of X. strumarium was found to having higher nutrient status in rice with lower status in weed ultimately controlling the most relative weed of rice i.e. Echinocloa spp. having the nutrient reserves in the soil as well as crop plant.
Ecological weed management and square planting influenced the weed management, and crop productivity in direct-seeded rice
(Nature Research, 2024) Mona Nagargade; Manoj Kumar Singh; Vishal Tyagi; Prabhu Govindasamy; Anil K. Choudhary; Kuldeep Rajpoot; Adarsh Kumar; Preeti Singh; Debalin Sarangi
Herbicide use may pose a risk of environmental pollution or evolution of resistant weeds. As a result, an experiment was carried out to assess the influence of different non-chemical weed management tactics (one hoeing (HH) at 12 DAS followed by (fb) one hand weeding at 30 DAS, one HH at 12 DAS fb Sesbania co-culture and its mulching, one HH at 12 DAS fb rice straw mulching @ 4t ha−1, one HH at 12 DAS fb rice straw mulching @ 6 t ha−1) on weed control, crop growth and yield, and economic returns in direct-seeded rice (DSR). Experiment was conducted during kharif season in a split-plot design and replicated thrice. Zero-till seed drill-sown crop (PN) had the lowest weed density at 25 days after sowing (DAS), while square planting geometry (PS) had the lowest weed density at 60 DAS. PS also resulted in a lower weed management index (WMI), agronomic management index (AMI), and integrated weed management index (IWMI), as well as higher growth attributes, grain yield (4.19 t ha–1), and net return (620.98 US$ ha–1). The cultivar Arize 6444 significantly reduced weed density and recorded higher growth attributes, yield, and economic return. In the case of weed management treatments, one HH at 12 DAS fbSesbania co-culture and its mulching had the lowest weed density, Shannon-weinner index and eveness at 25 DAS. However, one hoeing at 12 DAS fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS (HH + WH) achieved the highest grain yield (4.85 t ha–1) and net returns (851.03 US$ ha–1) as well as the lowest weed density at 60 DAS. PS × HH + WH treatment combination had the lowest weed persistent index (WPI), WMI, AMI, and IWMI, and the highest growth attributes, production efficiency, and economic return. © The Author(s) 2024.
Effect of irrigation schedule and herbicides application on growth and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in semi-arid environment
(Indian Society of Agronomy, 2022) K. Lakra; Ram Pyare; Puneet Kumar Singh; Sunil Kumar Verma; Rajiv Kumar Singh; Pravin Kumar Upadhyay; Vishal Tyagi
A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 2017–18 and 2018–19 at Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, to study the influence of irrigation scheduling and weed-management practices on growth and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with 4 irrigation scheduling in main plot and 8 weed-management practices in subplots. Results revealed that, application of 5 irrigations at crown root initiation (CRI) + jointing + boot-ing+ flowering + milking stage resulted in the maximum plant height (79.9 cm at harvest), crop dry-matter accumulation (385.1 g/running m at harvest), number of leaves [230/running m at 80 days after sowing (DAS)], leaf area index (2.60 at 60 DAS), crop growth rate (4.09 g/m2 /day between 40-80 DAS), relative growth rate (2.66 g/g/day between 40-80 DAS), net assimilation rate (0.59 g/cm2 /day between 40-80 DAS) and the biological yield (6,899 kg/ha) over irrigation at CRI and active tillering stage and irrigation at CRI + jointing + booting, and it was statisti-cally at par with irrigation at CRI + active tillering + booting + flowering stage. Among herbicidal treatments, significantly maximum value of crop-growth parameters and biological yield (7007 kg/ha) was recorded with the application of carfentrazone ethyl 20% + sulfosulfuron 25% WG @ 100 g a.i./ha at 35 days after sowing (DAS) followed by clodinafop-propargyl 15% + metsulfuron methyl 1% @ 400 g a.i./ha 35 DAS compared to the other herbicidal treatments. But hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS showed superiority to herbicidal treatments during both the years. © 2022, Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.
Effect of non-chemical weed management and planting geometry on weed growth, yield and economics in dry direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars
(Indian Society of Agronomy, 2019) Mona Nagargade; M.K. Singh; Vishal Tyagi
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2015 and 2016 Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to study the effect of non-chemical weed management and planting geometry on weed growth, yield and profitability of dry direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. The experiment consisted of 2 planting geometry (Seed drill sown crop and square planting), 2 cultivars (`Arize 6444` and `PHB 71`) and 5 non-chemical weed management treatments (weedy, 1 hoeing at 12 DAS fb hand-weeding at 30 DAS, 1 hoeing at 12 @ DAS fb Sesbania incorporated at 45 DAS, 1 hoeing at 12 DAS fb straw mulching @ 4 t/ha fb hand-weeding at 40 DAS, 1 hoeing at 12 DAS fb straw mulching (6 t/ha). Square planting recorded lower weed biomass, higher weed-control efficiency, grain yield (4.19 t/ha) and net returns (41,605.57/ha). Rice cultivar `Arize 6444` also recorded lower weed biomass, higher weed-control efficiency, higher grain yield (4.24 t/ha) and net returns (42,256.73 /ha). One hoeing at 12 DAS fb hand weeding at 30 DAS reduced weed growth and increased weed-control efficiency, grain yield (4.85 t/ha) and net returns (57,018.94 /ha). © 2019, Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.
Effect of precision nitrogen management on yield and nitrogen use efficiency in different varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum)
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2020) Vishal Tyagi; R.K. Singh; Mona Nagargade
A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive winter {rabi) seasons of years 2015-16 and 2016-17 to study the effect of different nitrogen scheduling on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of different varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)- The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications; in which three varieties {viz. HUW 234, K 0307 and HD 2967) were planted in main plots. The combinations of 6 nitrogen scheduling practices which included different N application rates from 0 to 150 kg/ha in various split doses along with the use of LCC and Greenseeker was plaimed in sub plots. Results reveal that the yield attributing characters, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield were recorded significantly highest in HD 2967 as compared to other varieties. Whereas, varietal parameter did not significantly influence the agronomic efficiency, recovery efficiency and nitrogen harvest. Among nitrogen scheduling, application of 150 kg N/ha in three equal splits recorded significantly higher yield attributes, grain yield (4.70 and 4.81 t/ha), straw yield, biological yield, harvest index, and recovery efficiency of nitrogen. Greenseeker based nitrogen application recorded significantly highest agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen. © 2020 Indian Council of Agricultural Research. All rights reserved.
Microbes-mediated integrated nutrient management for improved rhizo-modulation, pigeonpea productivity, and soil bio-fertility in a semi-arid agro-ecology
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Gaurendra Gupta; Shiva Dhar; Adarsh Kumar; Anil K. Choudhary; Anchal Dass; V.K. Sharma; Livleen Shukla; P.K. Upadhyay; Anup Das; Dinesh Jinger; Sudhir Kumar Rajpoot; Manjanagouda S. Sannagoudar; Amit Kumar; Ingudam Bhupenchandra; Vishal Tyagi; Ekta Joshi; Kamlesh Kumar; Padmanabh Dwivedi; Mahendra Vikram Singh Rajawat
Excessive dependence on chemical fertilizers and ignorance to organic and microbial inputs under intensive cropping systems are the basic components of contemporary agriculture, which evolves several sustainability issues, such as degraded soil health and sub-optimal crop productivity. This scenario urges for integrated nutrient management approaches, such as microbes-mediated integrated plant nutrition for curtailing the high doses as chemical fertilizers. Rationally, experiment has been conducted in pigeonpea at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, with the aim of identifying the appropriate nutrient management technique involving microbial and organic nutrient sources for improved rhizo-modulation, crop productivity, and soil bio-fertility. The randomized block-designed experiment consisted nine treatments viz. Control, Recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), RDF+ Microbial inoculants (MI), Vermicompost (VC), Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Leaf Compost (LC), VC + MI, FYM + MI, and LC + MI. Rhizobium spp., Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., and Frateuria aurantia were used as seed-inoculating microbes. The results indicated the significant response of integration following the trend VC + MI > FYM + MI > LC + MI > RDF + MI for various plant shoot-root growth attributes and soil microbial and enzymatic properties. FYM + MI significantly improved the water-stable aggregates (22%), mean weight diameter (1.13 mm), and geometric mean diameter (0.93 mm), soil organic carbon (SOC), SOC stock, and SOC sequestration. The chemical properties viz. available N, P, and K were significantly improved with VC + MI. The study summarizes that FYM + MI could result in better soil physico-chemical and biological properties and shoot-root development; however; VC + MI could improve available nutrients in the soil and may enhance the growth of pigeonpea more effectively. The outcomes of the study are postulated as a viable and alternative solution for excessive chemical fertilizer-based nutrient management and would also promote the microbial consortia and organic manures-based agro-industries. This would add to the goal of sustainable agricultural development by producing quality crop produce, maintaining agro-biodiversity and making the soils fertile and healthy that would be a “gift to the society.” Copyright © 2022 Gupta, Dhar, Kumar, Choudhary, Dass, Sharma, Shukla, Upadhyay, Das, Jinger, Rajpoot, Sannagoudar, Kumar, Bhupenchandra, Tyagi, Joshi, Kumar, Dwivedi and Rajawat.
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: A biological approach toward the production of sustainable agriculture
(Springer Singapore, 2018) Mona Nagargade; Vishal Tyagi; M.K. Singh
The plant growth-promoting rhizobaeteria (PGPR) are naturally occur- ring soil bacteria that aggressively colonize plant roots and benefit plants by provid- ing growth promotion. Inoculation of crop plants with certain strains of PGPR at an early stage of development improves biomass production through direct effects on root and shoot growth. These PGPR can enhance plant growth by a wide variety of mechanisms like nutrient solubilization (P, K, and Zn), siderophore production, bio- logical nitrogen fixation (BNF), rhizosphere engineering, phytohormone produc- tion, exhibiting antifungal activity, production of volatile organic compounds (VOC), induction of systemic resistance (ISR), promoting beneficial plant-microbe symbioses, interference with pathogen toxin production, etc. The potentiality of PGPR in agriculture is steadily increased as it offers an attractive way to replace the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and other supplements. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018. All rights reserved.
Precision nitrogen management strategies and high yielding genotypes for enhanced growth, yield, economics, and nitrogen use efficiency in wheat
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Vishal Tyagi; Mona Nagargade; Prabhu Govindasamy; Subhash Babu; Manoj Kumar Singh; Adarsh Kumar; Preeti Singh
Current agricultural production systems face challenges of poor economic returns, soil fatigue and negative environmental outcomes from excess use of nitrogenous fertilizers, especially in wheat production under middle gangetic plains. To overcome these challenges, the current study was conducted to optimize nitrogen management in different wheat genotypes with precision nitrogen management tools and approaches. The field experiment was laid out in split-plot design, with three genotypes assigned to the main plot and six nitrogen management practices to the sub-plot. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture, with low levels of organic carbon and available nitrogen, and medium levels of available phosphorus and potassium. Results revealed that the HD-2967 genotype outperformed others in terms of growth, grain yield (4.7 and 4.81 t ha−1), gross return (1417.41 and 1505.48 US$ ha−1), net return (953.43 and 1019.76 US$ ha−1), and B-C ratio (2.04 and 2.08) in 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively. Among the nitrogen management practices, application of 150 kg N ha−1 in three equal splits demonstrated improved crop growth, grain yield (4.7 and 4.81 t ha−1), and economic returns (gross return, 1500.40 and 1607.65 US$ ha−1, net return, 1025.40 and 1110.38 US$ ha−1 and B: C ratio, 2.17 and 2.23) in 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively. However, it resulted in higher nitrogen losses. Green seeker guided N application significantly reduced apparent nitrogen losses compared to all other nitrogen applied treatments. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing wheat production by selecting appropriate genotypes and implementing precision nitrogen management techniques to enhance yield, profitability, and environmental sustainability. © 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Sole- or Dual-Crop Basis Residue Mulching and Zn Fertilization Lead to Improved Productivity, Rhizo-modulation and Soil Health in Zero-Tilled Pigeonpea–Wheat Cropping System
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Adarsh Kumar; K.S. Rana; Anil K. Choudhary; R.S. Bana; V.K. Sharma; Gaurendra Gupta; Sudhir K. Rajpoot; Ingudam Bhupenchandra; Mukesh Choudhary; Praveen Jakhar; Amit Kumar; Abhishek Kumar; Prabhat Kishore; Amaresh Pradhan; Vishal Tyagi; Kuldeep Kumar
Conventional tillage has led to deteriorated soil health in semi-arid ecologies of south Asia. Sole- and dual-crop basis residue mulching in a predominant pigeonpea-wheat cropping system (PWCS) of the region may boost crop productivity and soil health. Widespread Zn deficiency also invokes for developing sound Zn fertilization practices (ZFPs) for improved Zn bioavailability and crop productivity. We assessed the comparative performance of single- and double-crop basis residue mulching + hydrogel in main plots, and the ZFPs in sub-plots in split-plot design under a zero-tilled PWCS in semi-arid agro-ecology. Dual-crop basis residue mulching + hydrogel exhibited ~ 17.1–22.3% higher system productivity with improved rhizo-modulation and soil health over sole-crop residue mulching and no-residue mulchings in a zero-tilled PWCS. Dual-crop basis residue mulching (8 t ha−1 year−1) + hydrogel (2.5 kg ha−1) maintained significantly higher soil organic carbon (4.4 g kg−1); soil organic carbon stock (9.06 t ha−1); nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients; and soil biological parameters compared to sole-crop residue mulching (4 t ha−1 year−1). Interestingly, soil physico-chemical and biological properties and carbon stock showed an improvement while enhancing residue covering from 4 to 8 t ha−1 year−1 compared to no residues. Among ZFPs, 5 kg Zn ha−1 + Zn solubilizer (Bacillus endophyticus) exhibited 7.4–13% higher system productivity and soil health. Correlation analysis exhibited significant positive correlation (p < 0.01) amongst system-productivity and soil-health parameters. Double-crop basis residue mulching + hydrogel along with 5 kg Zn ha−1 + Zn solubilizer improved the soil health with optimized root development and hence harnessed higher system productivity in PWCS. Likewise, pigeonpea residue mulching proved more beneficial than wheat residue mulching in succeeding crops in realizing higher system productivity and soil health, where otherwise livestock inevitably need crop residues as quality fodder in semi-arid agro-ecologies. © 2021, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo.