Browsing by Author "Vivek K. Singh"

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Cellulase in Pulp and Paper Industry
(Elsevier, 2016) Shalini Singh; Vivek K. Singh; Mohd Aamir; Manish K. Dubey; Jai S. Patel; Ram S. Upadhyay; Vijai Kumar Gupta
The paper and packaging industry is an important part of the global economy and plays a critical role in the world economy. Cellulase, a complex enzyme produced by a number of microorganisms, has tremendous potential application in the pulp and paper industry. Cellulase contributes 10% of the worldwide industrial enzyme demand, and there is tremendous potential for cellulase biotechnology in pulp and paper manufacturing to grow steadily commercially, and to give rise to new possibilities. Cellulase, xylanase, laccase, and lipase are the most important enzymes that can be used in the pulp and paper processes. This prospective study aims to enhance the understanding of the most important advanced uses of cellulases for providing benefits to the pulp and paper industry in various areas like increased pulp yield, improved fiber properties, enhanced paper recycling, reduced processing and environmental problems, and energy efficiency. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Cellulase in Pulp and Paper Industry
(Elsevier Inc., 2016) Shalini Singh; Vivek K. Singh; Mohd Aamir; Manish K. Dubey; Jai S. Patel; Ram S. Upadhyay; Vijai Kumar Gupta
The paper and packaging industry is an important part of the global economy and plays a critical role in the world economy. Cellulase, a complex enzyme produced by a number of microorganisms, has tremendous potential application in the pulp and paper industry. Cellulase contributes 10% of the worldwide industrial enzyme demand, and there is tremendous potential for cellulase biotechnology in pulp and paper manufacturing to grow steadily commercially, and to give rise to new possibilities. Cellulase, xylanase, laccase, and lipase are the most important enzymes that can be used in the pulp and paper processes. This prospective study aims to enhance the understanding of the most important advanced uses of cellulases for providing benefits to the pulp and paper industry in various areas like increased pulp yield, improved fiber properties, enhanced paper recycling, reduced processing and environmental problems, and energy efficiency. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Dye sensitized solar cell based on poly(vinyl alcohol) doped with ammonium iodide solid polymer electrolyte
(National Institute of Optoelectronics, 2013) Vivek K. Singh; Annubhawi Annu; Upasana Singh; Prabhakar Singh; S.P. Pandey; Bhaskar Bhattacharya; Pramod K. Singh
A new polymer electrolyte Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) doped with ammonium iodide (NH4I) have been developed, characterized and applied in Dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Polymer electrolyte shows enhancement in electrical conductivity by salt doping and then decrease after a certain composition. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) as well as x ray diffraction (XRD) affirmed composite nature of the polymer electrolyte. The polymer morphology has been studied using optical microscopy. Based on maximum conducting sample we have developed a DSSC which shows short circuit current density of 0.46 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage of 0.65 volt with overall conversion efficiency of 0.29 % at 1 sun condition.
Exploring Plant-Mediated Copper, Iron, Titanium, and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Impacts
(Elsevier Inc., 2018) Anuja Koul; Anil Kumar; Vivek K. Singh; Durgesh K. Tripathi; Sharada Mallubhotla
Nanotechnology is a rapidly emerging branch utilizing nanosized molecules and attracting every possible corner of research adopted for the betterment of humankind. Plant-mediated nanoparticles are chosen over conventionally synthesized nanomaterials because of their ecofriendly nature, economic value, reduced toxicity, and rapid and easy handling. Plant-based metabolites possess diverse therapeutic applications and have the ability to reduce metal ions to produce nanosized particles via the green synthetic approach. The combining of the attributes from metal ions and plant metabolites has a huge capacity to synthesize a potential bioactive molecule. Among different metallic nanoparticles, plant-fabricated nanoparticles have unique physiochemical properties and thus have great potential for the development of a new array of herbicides, pesticides, target genes, antimicrobials, and a wide range of antipathogenic molecules. The elucidation of synthesis, characterization, and applications of plant-mediated nanoparticles is an alternative approach toward medico aid by generating novel and potential drug molecules. Furthermore, this technique is very simple, environmentally clean, and has demonstrated well the synergistic effect of metal and plant metabolites. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Hash and Physical Unclonable Function (PUF)-Based Mutual Authentication Mechanism
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023) Kavita Bhatia; Santosh K. Pandey; Vivek K. Singh; Deena Nath Gupta
The security of web applications in an enterprise is of paramount importance. To strengthen the security of applications, the identification and mitigation of vulnerabilities through appropriate countermeasures becomes imperative. The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) Top 10 API Security Risks, 2023 Edition, indicates the prominent vulnerabilities of API security risks. Broken authentication, however, is placed in second position with level-3 exploitability, level-2 prevalence, level-3 detectability, and level-3 technical impact. To mitigate this vulnerability, many mitigation strategies have been proposed by using the cryptographic primitives wherein two techniques, namely hashing and PUF, are used. Some of the proposals have integrated the concepts of hashing and PUF. However, the unnecessarily lengthy and complex mathematics used in these proposals makes them unsuitable for current API-based application scenarios. Therefore, in this paper, the authors propose a privacy-preserving authentication protocol that incorporates the capability of both mechanisms in an easy and low-complexity manner. In addition to overcoming existing limitations, the proposed protocol is tested to provide more security properties over existing schemes. Analysis of their performance has demonstrated that the proposed solutions are secure, efficient, practical, and effective for API-based web applications in an enterprise environment. © 2023 by the authors.
Knowledge geography for measuring the divergence in intellectual capital of russia
(Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited, 2020) Andrey S. Mikhaylov; Anna A. Mikhaylova; Vivek K. Singh; Dmitry V. Hvaley
Knowledge is becoming a paramount resource of innovation economies. The efficient management of generation, use, accumulation and transfer of knowledge within a non-linear innovation process plays a critical role in economic growth. Knowledge geography registers the uneven landscape of the national innovation system and captures the key excellence clusters at different hierarchical levels - from local nodes to cities and regions. While the spatial patterns of knowledge commercialization are primarily considered via production processes at the regional level (regional innovation systems, regional innovation clusters), knowledge generation has to be monitored and assessed at the level of cities. Urban settlements accommodate communities of people and a population of firms that form unique configurations of innovation ecosystems that sculpture the intellectual capital of regions and states. This paper presents the distribution of knowledge-generating centres in Russia by undertaking an in-depth evaluation of bibliometric data for 440 settlements across the country for a period of 2013-2017. Methods of spatial scientometrics enable to register the intellectual capital accumulated in a certain locality and analyse development trajectories of urban settlements. Russia is an interesting case of studying the spatial patterns of knowledge generation. The large territorial extent of the country, the remoteness of individual cities from each other, their heterogeneity in size, level of development, and knowledge specialization makes it a highly diverse context. Research results suggest that knowledge domain characteristics are formed irrespective of the population figures, whereas the development dynamics of small and medium-sized cities are specific. Smaller cities strive to be integrated into inter-regional and international collaboration in order to overcome the shortage of local resources. A limited gross volume of research output generated by small and medium-sized cities creates extreme indicator values as compared to the major cities and the national average. The study concludes with a typology of cities taking into account the specific features of knowledge generation dynamics. © 2020 Academic Publishing International. All rights reserved.
Quantitative analysis of gallstones using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
(OSA - The Optical Society, 2008) Vivek K. Singh; Vinita Singh; Awadhesh K. Rai; Surya N. Thakur; Pradeep K. Rai; Jagdish P. Singh
The utility of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for categorizing different types of gallbladder stone has been demonstrated by analyzing their major and minor constituents. LIBS spectra of three types of gallstone have been recorded in the 200-900 nm spectral region. Calcium is found to be the major element in all types of gallbladder stone. The spectrophotometric method has been used to classify the stones. A calibration-free LIBS method has been used for the quantitative analysis of metal elements, and the results have been compared with those obtained from inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) measurements. The single-shot LIBS spectra from different points on the cross section (in steps of 0.5 mm from one end to the other) of gallstones have also been recorded to study the variation of constituents from the center to the surface. The presence of different metal elements and their possible role in gallstone formation is discussed. © 2008 Optical Society of America.
Uptake, accumulation and toxicity of silver nanoparticle in autotrophic plants, and heterotrophic microbes: A concentric review
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2017) Durgesh K. Tripathi; Ashutosh Tripathi; Shweta; Swati Singh; Yashwant Singh; Kanchan Vishwakarma; Gaurav Yadav; Shivesh Sharma; Vivek K. Singh; Rohit K. Mishra; R.G. Upadhyay; Nawal K. Dubey; Yonghoon Lee; Devendra K. Chauhan
Nanotechnology is a cutting-edge field of science with the potential to revolutionize today's technological advances including industrial applications. It is being utilized for the welfare of mankind; but at the same time, the unprecedented use and uncontrolled release of nanomaterials into the environment poses enormous threat to living organisms. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used in several industries and its continuous release may hamper many physiological and biochemical processes in the living organisms including autotrophs and heterotrophs. The present review gives a concentric know-how of the effects of AgNPs on the lower and higher autotrophic plants as well as on heterotrophic microbes so as to have better understanding of the differences in effects among these two groups. It also focuses on the mechanism of uptake, translocation, accumulation in the plants and microbes, and resulting toxicity as well as tolerance mechanisms by which these microorganisms are able to survive and reduce the effects of AgNPs. This review differentiates the impact of silver nanoparticles at various levels between autotrophs and heterotrophs and signifies the prevailing tolerance mechanisms. With this background, a comprehensive idea can be made with respect to the influence of AgNPs on lower and higher autotrophic plants together with heterotrophic microbes and new insights can be generated for the researchers to understand the toxicity and tolerance mechanisms of AgNPs in plants and microbes. © 2017 Tripathi, Tripathi, Shweta, Singh, Singh, Vishwakarma, Yadav, Sharma, Singh, Mishra, Upadhyay, Dubey, Lee and Chauhan.