Browsing by Author "Vivek Kumar Kashi"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

A Critical Review Of Haul Road Opencast Mines Fugitive Dust - Genesis, Characteristics And Impact
(Kalpana Corporation, 2020) Vivek Kumar Kashi; N.C. Karmakar; S. Krishnamoorthi
The objective of this review is to explore the causes and effects of dust emission from the haul roads of opencast mines. Coal production from opencast mining is continuously increasing in comparison to underground mining. At the same time, opencast mining activities produce more dust as compared to underground mining system. Dust emission of opencast mine in which multiple operations take place simultaneously, like drilling, blasting, coal extraction, coal handling and stockpiling, screening plant, topsoil handling, overburden removal, haul road transportation system and other ancillary activities. Haul road system plays a crucial role as the backbone of opencast mines. Coarse suspended particulate matters having a size greater than 30 μm settle very quickly at the point of emission whereas particulate matters below it and especially less than 10 μm are more likely to be suspended in the atmosphere for a long time. Dust generation from haul tracks shows that if the dust emissions are uncontrolled, there is a high risk of safety hazard by reducing the operator's visibility. Therefore, the probability of haul road accidents might increase leading to a high fatality rate. However, inhalation of respirable dust is far more dangerous for long term health hazard. © 2020 - Kalpana Corporation
A Laboratory Evaluation of Haul Road Dust Suppression Using Water Soluble PAM & PAM-co-PAMPS Polymers
(Springer, 2025) Vivek Kumar Kashi; Atma Ram Sahu; S. Krishnamoorthi
Haulage system of opencast mines produces a significant amount of dust, reaching up to 97% of total dust emission, primarily due to the movement of heavy earth-moving machinery used for transporting minerals and waste materials. The generated dust not only reduces mine productivity but also increases accident rates and various types of human diseases. Therefore, the generation of dust needs to be minimized as much as possible. An experimental study was conducted using dust from an Indian coal mine to evaluate the effectiveness of dust suppression control strategy based on spraying with a mixture of water and two distinct polymers: polyacrylamide (PAM) and Polyacrylamide grafted poly (PAM-co-PAMPS). These polymers were synthesized using a free radical polymerization technique in the laboratory and were thoroughly characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Hydrogen Atom Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H NMR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Intrinsic Viscosity Analysis. The effectiveness of these polymer solutions and reference tap water were analyzed by measuring their ability to retain moisture and reduce dust emissions at three different temperatures (25 °C, 35 °C, and 45 °C). The results showed that PAM and PAM-co-PAMPS, depending on time intervals and temperatures, increased moisture retention by 4.82% to 35.93%. Furthermore, the application of these polymers led to substantial reductions in dust emissions over specified durations and temperatures, with reductions ranging from 16.33% to an impressive 75.2%. The application of these polymers proved highly effective in minimizing dust emissions from mining haul roads, improving safety, productivity, and conserving large quantities of water. © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy Sciences 2025.
A Laboratory Study on Application of Synthesised Amylopectin-grafted-Polyacrylamide (AP-g-PAM) on Coal Mine Haul Road Dust Emission at Different Atmospheric Temperatures
(Springer, 2024) Vivek Kumar Kashi; N.C. Karmakar; S. Krishnamoorthi; Pubali Adhikary; Atma Ram Sahu
In this study, a laboratory work was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of synthesised amylopectin-grafted-polyacrylamide (AP-g-PAM) vis-a-vis tap water to control the emission of fugitive dust from haul road of opencast coal mine. AP-g-PAM was synthesised by free radical initiator solution technique. Characterisation of AP-g-PAM was done by 1H NMR spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, TGA, and intrinsic viscosity measurements. Size distribution of dust sample was done by sieve analysis. Effects of water and that of polymer solution were tested experimentally on dust samples collected from haul road of a mine for the moisture retention capacity at three atmospheric temperatures, namely 25 °C, 35 °C and 45 °C for 8 h duration. Dust emission rate from haul road has been estimated using an empirical equation. From the results, it is found that the AP-g-PAM added solution has high effectiveness to control dust emission than the water alone. Also, it is observed that the effectiveness of polymeric chemical suppressant is highly depended on atmospheric temperature prevailing at the site. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2023.
Reducing the dust generation of haul road by improving water holding capacity with the application of synthesised polyacrylamide at Laboratory Condition
(Technoscience Publications, 2020) Vivek Kumar Kashi; N.C. Karmakar; S. Krishnamoorthi; Ekta Sonker; Pubali Adhikary; Rudramani Tiwari
Surface mining method enormously affects the environment in terms of fugitive dust emission than underground mining method. All the several sources of dust emission from opencast mining, haul road transportation system are the main source of fugitive dust. In this research article, a biodegradable polyacrylamide (PAM) was used to suppress dust generation from haul road of mine. It improves the moisture carrying capacity of haul road than the water. PAM has been synthesized by free radical polymerization process using ceric ammonium nitrate initiator. It was characterized by 1H NMR, IR & intrinsic viscosity measurements, whereas size distribution of haul road dust was measured by sieve analysis. Laboratory work has been carried out to investigate the water holding capacity of haul road dust particles using PAM solution and compared with only water for 8 hours duration. The temperature of the chamber was kept constant at 35°C while relative humidities (RH) varied from 40% to 70%. It was observed that moisture retention of dust with the application of PAM solution and only water were 25.65% and 20.4% at 70% RH and 7.14% and 1.65% at 40% RH, respectively after 8 hours. © 2020 Technoscience Publications. All rights reserved.