Browsing by Author "Vivek Saurabh"

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Aflatoxins in Cereals and Cereal-Based Products: Occurrence, Toxicity, Impact on Human Health, and Their Detoxification and Management Strategies
(MDPI, 2022) Pradeep Kumar; Akansha Gupta; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Shikha Pandhi; Arun Kumar Pandey; Raveena Kargwal; Sadhna Mishra; Rajat Suhag; Nitya Sharma; Vivek Saurabh; Veena Paul; Manoj Kumar; Raman Selvakumar; Shirani Gamlath; Madhu Kamle; Hesham Ali El Enshasy; Jawahir A. Mokhtar; Steve Harakeh
Cereals and cereal-based products are primary sources of nutrition across the world. However, contamination of these foods with aflatoxins (AFs), secondary metabolites produced by several fungal species, has raised serious concerns. AF generation in innate substrates is influenced by several parameters, including the substrate type, fungus species, moisture content, minerals, humidity, temperature, and physical injury to the kernels. Consumption of AF-contaminated cereals and cereal-based products can lead to both acute and chronic health issues related to physical and mental maturity, reproduction, and the nervous system. Therefore, the precise detection methods, detoxification, and management strategies of AFs in cereal and cereal-based products are crucial for food safety as well as consumer health. Hence, this review provides a brief overview of the occurrence, chemical characteristics, biosynthetic processes, health hazards, and detection techniques of AFs, along with a focus on detoxification and management strategies that could be implemented for food safety and security. © 2022 by the authors.
Citrinin Mycotoxin Contamination in Food and Feed: Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Detection and Management Strategies
(MDPI, 2022) Madhu Kamle; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Akansha Gupta; Shikha Pandhi; Nitya Sharma; Bharti Sharma; Sadhna Mishra; Shalini Arora; Raman Selvakumar; Vivek Saurabh; Jyoti Dhakane-Lad; Manoj Kumar; Sreejani Barua; Arvind Kumar; Shirani Gamlath; Pradeep Kumar
Citrinin (CIT) is a mycotoxin produced by different species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Monascus. CIT can contaminate a wide range of foods and feeds at any time during the pre-harvest, harvest, and post-harvest stages. CIT can be usually found in beans, fruits, fruit and vegetable juices, herbs and spices, and dairy products, as well as red mold rice. CIT exerts nephrotoxic and genotoxic effects in both humans and animals, thereby raising concerns regarding the consumption of CIT-contaminated food and feed. Hence, to minimize the risk of CIT contamination in food and feed, understanding the incidence of CIT occurrence, its sources, and biosynthetic pathways could assist in the effective implementation of detection and mitigation measures. Therefore, this review aims to shed light on sources of CIT, its prevalence in food and feed, biosynthetic pathways, and genes involved, with a major focus on detection and management strategies to ensure the safety and security of food and feed. © 2022 by the authors. icensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) bioactives and its role in alleviating oral pathologies
(MDPI, 2021) Minnu Sasi; Sandeep Kumar; Manoj Kumar; Sandhya Thapa; Uma Prajapati; Yamini Tak; Sushil Changan; Vivek Saurabh; Shweta Kumari; Ashok Kumar; Muzaffar Hasan; Deepak Chandran; Radha; Sneh Punia Bangar; Sangram Dhumal; Marisennayya Senapathy; Anitha Thiyagarajan; Ahmad Alhariri; Abhijit Dey; Surinder Singh; Suraj Prakash; Ravi Pandiselvam; Mohamed Mekhemar
Garlic (Allium sativa L.) is a bulbous flowering plant belongs to the family of Amaryllida-ceae and is a predominant horticultural crop originating from central Asia. Garlic and its products are chiefly used for culinary and therapeutic purposes in many countries. Bulbs of raw garlic have been investigated for their role in oral health, which are ascribed to a myriad of biologically active compounds such as alliin, allicin, methiin, S-allylcysteine (SAC), diallyl sulfide (DAS), S-ally-mercapto cysteine (SAMC), diallyl disulphide (DADS), diallyl trisulfide (DATS) and methyl allyl disulphide. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement. Scopus, PubMed, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Science direct databases were searched between 12 April 2021 to 4 September 2021. A total of 148 studies were included and the qualitative synthesis phytochemical profile of GE, biological activities, therapeutic applications of garlic extract (GE) in oral health care system, and its mechanism of action in curing various oral pathologies have been discussed. Furthermore, the safety of incorporation of GE as food supplements is also critically discussed. To conclude, GE could conceivably make a treatment recourse for patients suffering from diverse oral diseases. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Nivalenol Mycotoxin Concerns in Foods: An Overview on Occurrence, Impact on Human and Animal Health and Its Detection and Management Strategies
(MDPI, 2022) Pradeep Kumar; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Akansha Gupta; Surabhi Pandey; Veena Paul; Vivek Saurabh; Arun Kumar Pandey; Raman Selvakumar; Sreejani Barua; Mandira Kapri; Manoj Kumar; Charanjit Kaur; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Shirani Gamlath; Madhu Kamle; Theodoros Varzakas; Sofia Agriopoulou
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi that infect a wide range of foods worldwide. Nivalenol (NIV), a type B trichothecene produced by numerous Fusarium species, has the ability to infect a variety of foods both in the field and during post-harvest handling and management. NIV is frequently found in cereal and cereal-based goods, and its strong cytotoxicity poses major concerns for both human and animal health. To address these issues, this review briefly overviews the sources, occurrence, chemistry and biosynthesis of NIV. Additionally, a brief overview of several sophisticated detection and management techniques is included, along with the implications of processing and environmental factors on the formation of NIV. This review’s main goal is to offer trustworthy and current information on NIV as a mycotoxin concern in foods, with potential mitigation measures to assure food safety and security. © 2022 by the authors.
Synergistic effect of salicylic acid and chitosan on postharvest life and quality attributes of jamun (Syzygium cumini Skeels) fruit
(Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Slavic Studies, 2019) Vivek Saurabh; Kalyan Barman; Anil K. Singh
Syzygium cumini Skeels, commonly known as jamun, is an under-utilized fruit crop, native to India. The fruit is rich in several bioactive compounds and possesses several medicinal properties, especially therapeutic effects towards healing diabetes. However, the fruit deteriorates rapidly after harvest and can only be stored for 2–3 days at ambient conditions. Therefore, the present study was conducted to extend the storability and preserve jamun fruit quality during storage at ambient conditions. Fully ripe jamun fruits were immersed in salicylic acid (SA, 1.0 mM or 1.5 mM) or chitosan (1.5% w/v) solutions either alone or in combination. Fruits dipped in distilled water served as control. Following treatments, fruits were dried in air and stored at room temperature in corrugated fibre board boxes. The results indicated that 1.5% chitosan + 1.5 mM SA treatment was highly effective in preserving fruit quality and delaying senescence. This treatment resulted in about 19.5% lower weight loss, 49.9% lower decay loss, and 48% lower malondialdehyde content than control fruit. Combined treatment of chitosan and SA (1.5 mM) retained about 1.34-fold higher total anthocyanins, 1.69-fold higher total phenolics, 1.5-fold higher total flavonoids, 1.75-fold higher total antioxidant capacity, and 1.5-fold higher radical scavenging activity than control up to 6 day storage. Significant variations in ascorbic acid and titratable acidity were not recorded among salicylic acid-treated and chitosan-coated fruits; however, total soluble solids content was highest in chitosan-coated fruits. The findings of the study will be useful to increase the availability of jamun fruit and enable for its long-distance transport and subsequent marketing. © 2019, Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków.