Browsing by Author "Yashoda Nandan Tripathi"

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Bacillus subtilis- and Pseudomonas fluorescens-Mediated Systemic Resistance in Tomato Against Sclerotium rolfsii and Study of Physio-Chemical Alterations
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Vaishali Shukla; Sunil Kumar; Yashoda Nandan Tripathi; Ram S. Upadhyay
The present study is a comparative study between Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) signaling and antioxidative enzymatic signaling and deals with induced systemic resistance (ISR) in enhancing the disease resistance in typical tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.) infected by the collar rot fungus, Sclerotium rolfsii (Teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii) by priming with Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and their microbial consortia by a single strain of Bacillus subtilis, and P. fluorescens as well as by developed microbial consortium with both bacteria. Leaf samples were collected after different durations of pathogen inoculation, i.e., 1, 2, 3, and 4 days, and the systemic level of oxidative stress parameters, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), photosynthetic apparatus, superoxide radicals, and enzymatic antioxidants, were studied. Plant mortality under various treatments in two different seasons was calculated. The highest H2O2 was scavenged by the microbial consortium-treated plants (B1P1) and the lowest in pathogen-challenged plants (PC) compared to the untreated control. Cellular damage and reduction in the chlorophyll pigments were the highest at 48 h, and the photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) was evaluated from 24 to 96 h; the lowest values were observed for pathogen-challenged plants and the highest for B1P1. Enzymatic antioxidants showed the maximum value for B1P1 and the minimum for PC compared to the unchallenged control. Furthermore, an analysis of variance and principal component analysis (PCA) were conducted to examine the effect of the evaluation time (ET) and inoculation conditions (ICs) alone and in combination (ET × IC) on the physiological and biochemical parameters; accordingly, the score and the loading plots were constructed. Tomato root sections inoculated with different treatments were observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to validate the potentiality of primed biocontrol agents in controlling the invasion of the pathogen. Further studies on the potential of this isolate to enhance the plant growth at the field level would strengthen the possibility of using the isolate as an alternative for organic fertilizers and pesticides. Copyright © 2022 Shukla, Kumar, Tripathi and Upadhyay.
Biochemical changes, antioxidative profile, and efficacy of the bio-stimulant in plant defense response against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in common bean (Phasaeolus vulgaris L.)
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Sunil Kumar; Vaishali Shukla; Yashoda Nandan Tripathi; Mohd Aamir; Kumari Divyanshu; Mukesh Yadav; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a highly destructive pathogen with widespread impact on common bean (Phasaeolus vulgaris L.) worldwide. In this work, we investigated the efficacy of microbial consortia in bolstering host defense against sclerotinia rot. Specifically, we evaluated the performance of a microbial consortia comprising of Trichoderma erinaceum (T51) and Trichoderma viride (T52) (referred to as the T4 treatment) in terms of biochemical parameters, alleviation of the ROS induced cellular toxicity, membrane integrity (measured as MDA content), nutrient profiling, and the host defense-related antioxidative enzyme activities. Our findings demonstrate a notable enhancement in thiamine content, exhibiting 1.887 and 1.513-fold higher in the T4 compared to the un-inoculated control and the T1 treatment (only S. sclerotiorum treated). Similarly, the total proline content exhibited 3.46 and 1.24-fold higher and the total phenol content was 4.083 and 2.625-fold higher in the T4 compared to the un-inoculated control and the T1 treatment, respectively. Likewise, a general trend was found for other antioxidative and non-oxidative enzyme activities. However, results found were approximately similar in T2 treatment (bioprimed with T51) or T3 treatments (bioprimed with T52). Further, host defense attribute (survival rate) under the pathogen challenged condition was maximum in the T4 (15.55 % disease incidence) compared to others. Therefore, bio priming with consortia could be useful in reducing the economic losses incited by S. sclerotiorum in common beans. © 2023
Biopesticides: Current status and future prospects in India
(Springer Singapore, 2019) Yashoda Nandan Tripathi; Kumari Divyanshu; Sunil Kumar; Lav Kumar Jaiswal; Atif Khan; Hareram Birla; Ankush Gupta; Surya Pratap Singh; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
For over a century, chemical control of pests is a common practice in agriculture. The average reduction in global crop loss due to use of pesticides is around ~39%. The postharvest losses and quality decline caused by storage pests are major problems in a subtropical country like India. So, the farmers have relied heavily on the use of chemical pesticides to improve their crop production, which is now paying a huge toll on the human health and environment. Though the chemical pesticides are very effective, what concerns over their use is their effect on soil and environment and presence of residue in food products. Another major issue is the development of resistance in the pests. Therefore, the use of biopesticides to control pests is now preferred over synthetic pesticides because of their pest control ability and diverse mode of actions which helps in avoiding resistance development in the pests. In a country like India with a huge diversity of plants, there is an urgent need for identifying new biopesticides which can serve the purpose of pest control. India needs to develop its own biocontrol agents (BCA) because it will be cost-effective and also environment-friendly. Major hurdle in the development and use of new biopesticides in India is the commercialization process. The farmers are reluctant to use the new products because of high cost and no practical knowledge. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
Effects of Salt Stress on Nutrient Cycle and Uptake of Crop Plants
(wiley, 2021) Lav Kumar Jaiswal; Prabhakar Singh; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Tanamyee Nayak; Yashoda Nandan Tripathi; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay; Ankush Gupta
The biogeochemical cycling of elements involves the interactions between the biosphere and the surroundings in the form of cycling of elements throughout the different spheres viz., atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. This chapter elucidates the effects of salinity stress on biogeochemical cycle and soil microorganisms that directly or indirectly affect the crop production. Nutrient uptake, primary productivity, and other biological processes are widely affected by nutrient limitation in terrestrial ecosystems. Nutrient cycling is one of the most important phenomena that occur in an ecosystem. The nutrient cycle represents the use, movement, and recycling of nutrients in the environment. Salt stress has an overall negative effect on carbon cycle which is implemented by its effect on various components of carbon cycle viz. photosynthesis, and microbial decomposers. Oxygen and water cycle or hydrological cycle are two biogeochemical cycles through which oxygen and water moves through biotic and abiotic components of earth and are essential for survival of life. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.
Endophytic fungi: diversity and their relevance in sustainable agriculture
(Elsevier, 2024) Sunil Kumar; Yashoda Nandan Tripathi; Vaishali Shukla; Rahul Prasad Singh; Ajay Kumar; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
The extensive use of chemicals to increase agriculture productivity has disturbed the delicate ecological balance, resulting in pathogen resistance and health risks for other living beings, including humans. A growing interest has been shown in finding eco-friendly and safe ways to increase sustainable agriculture productivity. Fungal endophytes are a significant component of plant micro-ecosystems and have been found in many plant species. They solubilize insoluble phosphates and produce plant growth-promoting hormones, including auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins. Fungal endophytes are common in many plant species and are an important component of plant micro-ecosystems. Fungal endophytes are an important component of plant micro-ecosystems and have been found in a wide range of plant species. They dissolve insoluble phosphates and produce plant growth hormones such as auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins. Because of the beneficial activities of fungal endophytes, research on the plant–fungus relationship has increased dramatically in recent years. Recently, genetically modified endophytes were used by researchers to improve plant productivity and defensive properties. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Himalayan botanical mediated elicitation regulates wheat growth through secondary metabolites and hormonal signalling
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Seema Devi; Yashoda Nandan Tripathi; Richa Raghuwanshi
Plants as a resource of novel elicitors capable of inhibiting pathogen and promoting crop growth are gaining significant attention. Himalayan plants (Colebrookea oppositifolia, Digitalis purpurea and Rumex hastatus), well documented for their pharmacological value and antimicrobial properties were studied for their growth promoting potentials on wheat. Methanolic crude extract obtained from leaf samples of the selected Himalayan plants were applied on wheat through seed priming and foliar spray method. Morphological parameters selected for phyto-stimulatory assessment of treatments were germination percent, shoot length, root length, seedling fresh weight and dry weight, vigour index, stem thickness and root volume, where significant improvements were recorded. Biochemical changes in response to treatment measured were photosynthetic pigments, total phenolic and flavonoid content, osmolytes and antioxidant activity. Wheat plants showed an increment in all the parameters after treatment with botanicals. The growth-promoting potentials of the selected botanicals were further evaluated for quantifying endogenous phytohormone (IAA and GA) levels in wheat through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Increased expression of hormones was recorded in wheat, which was treatment specific. Wheat stems examined through transverse sections showed increased lignification around the vascular tissue and hypodermis. This study represents the first documented investigation into the growth-promoting effects of selected botanicals on wheat, providing novel insights into their potential as biostimulants. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd
Impact of climate change on soil carbon exchange, ecosystem dynamics, and plant-microbe interactions
(Elsevier, 2019) Mohd Aamir; Krishna Kumar Rai; Manish Kumar Dubey; Andleeb Zehra; Yashoda Nandan Tripathi; Kumari Divyanshu; Swarnmala Samal; R.S. Upadhyay
In the present scenario, global climate change is a serious concern with respect to global food production. Adverse environmental conditions including high temperature, drought, salinity, and precipitation resulting from the changing climate in different regions increase the risk of dramatic losses in agricultural production. The altered species distribution resulting from the changed climatic scenario has affected the functional interactions and integrations existing between species. The differential origin, evolution, and dispersal abilities of organisms determine their susceptibility and response mechanisms under the changed environment and functions on multiple levels. Soil microbiota (including rhizospheric and endophytic microorganisms) play an indispensable role in the mitigation of climate change and induced abiotic stresses, and also promote plant growth and development through a plethora of mechanisms that work at multiple levels, including regulation of nutrient transformation, allowing for coexistence among neighboring and controlling plant populations. The functional aspects and ecological dynamics of natural ecosystems are highly dependent on plant functional traits and their interactions with organisms occupied at a multitrophic level. The changed climatic conditions influence the environmental variables and therefore alter the multifunctional responses or interaction mechanisms existing between the plants and microbes. Furthermore, the mutual interactions between plants and soil microbes have substantial consequences in regulating the community compositions and ecosystem functions. This chapter discusses the effect of climate change on ecosystem mechanics and dynamics, and how microorganisms play crucial roles in regulating the functional dynamics of ecosystem properties. In recent years, rapid industrialization and increased anthropogenic activities have resulted in rapid and continuous changes in climatic conditions, causing significant changes in agricultural productivity. In this context, there is an urgent need to understand, define, and interpret the plant-microbe interactions in terms of their efficient use and indigenous mechanisms against abiotic stresses without compromising the sustainability of the ecosystem. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Molecular Identification and Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and their Effect on Seed Germination and Vigour Index of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2022) Kumari Divyanshu; Mukesh Yadav; Vaishali Shukla; Sunil Kumar; Yashoda Nandan Tripathi; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of useful bacteria that colonize the plant roots and significantly enhances the plant growth promotion. Keeping this in mind, an investigation was performed for the screening of potent PGPR strains for enhancing seed germination and vigour index of Hordeum vulgare (commonly called barley). Rhizobacterial strains were isolated and screened for various plant growth promoting traits, their effect on seed germination and vigour index of barley plant through pot trial, and resistant ability under various temperature and pH range. Based upon 16S rRNA sequencing data, Pseudomonas punonensis LMT03 (R1), Pseudomonas plecoglossicida R4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSM50071 (R2) and Alcaligenes faecalis (DBHU5) isolates were selected and showed positive result for IAA production, Phosphate solubilization, ammonia production, catalase activity, siderophore production and MR-VP test. Barley plants treated with P. punonensis and P. plecoglossicida both showed 94.44% of highest seed germination %, while P. aeruginosa and A. faecalis showed 83.11% and 77.33% respectively in comparison to the control plant shows which 49.99% seed germination only. These respective isolates also showed 2.57, 2.37, 2.0 and 1.69 fold of increase in vigour index as compare to the control plants. The above increase in fold in vigour index and seed germination is much higher as compared to earlier reports. Collectively, the data of current study underpin that addition of these PGPRs to barley rhizosphere appears a promising strategy to enhance root and shoot biomass of this important agriculture crop. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report demonstrating the effect of P. punonensis and P. plecoglossicda on barley crop. © The Author(s) 2022.
PGPR-mediated induction of systemic resistance and physiochemical alterations in plants against the pathogens: Current perspectives
(Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2020) Mukesh Meena; Prashant Swapnil; Kumari Divyanshu; Sunil Kumar; Harish; Yashoda Nandan Tripathi; Andleeb Zehra; Avinash Marwal; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are diverse groups of plant-associated microorganisms, which can reduce the severity or incidence of disease during antagonism among bacteria and soil-borne pathogens, as well as by influencing a systemic resistance to elicit defense response in host plants. An amalgamation of various strains of PGPR has improved the efficacy by enhancing the systemic resistance opposed to various pathogens affecting the crop. Many PGPR used with seed treatment causes structural improvement of the cell wall and physiological/biochemical changes leading to the synthesis of proteins, peptides, and chemicals occupied in plant defense mechanisms. The major determinants of PGPR-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR) are lipopolysaccharides, lipopeptides, siderophores, pyocyanin, antibiotics 2,4-diacetylphoroglucinol, the volatile 2,3-butanediol, N-alkylated benzylamine, and iron-regulated compounds. Many PGPR inoculants have been commercialized and these inoculants consequently aid in the improvement of crop growth yield and provide effective reinforcement to the crop from disease, whereas other inoculants are used as biofertilizers for native as well as crops growing at diverse extreme habitat and exhibit multifunctional plant growth-promoting attributes. A number of applications of PGPR formulation are needed to maintain the resistance levels in crop plants. Several microarray-based studies have been done to identify the genes, which are associated with PGPR-induced systemic resistance. Identification of these genes associated with ISR-mediating disease suppression and biochemical changes in the crop plant is one of the essential steps in understanding the disease resistance mechanisms in crops. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the PGPR-mediated innovative methods, focusing on the mode of action of compounds authorized that may be significant in the development contributing to enhance plant growth, disease resistance, and serve as an efficient bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture. The review also highlights current research progress in this field with a special emphasis on challenges, limitations, and their environmental and economic advantages. © 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH
Plant growth promotion and differential expression of defense genes in chilli pepper against Colletotrichum truncatum induced by Trichoderma asperellum and T. harzianum
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2023) Mukesh Yadav; Kumari Divyanshu; Manish Kumar Dubey; Ashutosh Rai; Sunil Kumar; Yashoda Nandan Tripathi; Vaishali Shukla; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
Background: Trichoderma asperellum and T. harzianum were assessed in this study as a potential biological control against Colletotrichum truncatum. C. truncatum is a hemibiotrophic fungus that causes anthracnose disease in chilli thereby affecting plant growth and fruit yield. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique showed the beneficial interaction between chilli root-Trichoderma spp. inducing the plant growth promotion, mechanical barrier, and defense network under C. truncatum challenged conditions. Methods: Seeds bio-primed with T. asperellum, T. harzianum, and T. asperellum + T. harzianum promoted the plant growth parameters and strengthening of physical barrier via lignification on the wall of vascular tissues. Seed primed with bioagents were used for exploring the molecular mechanism of defense response in pepper against anthracnose to assess the temporal expression of six defense genes in the Surajmukhi variety of Capsicum annuum. QRT-PCR demonstrated induction of defense responsive genes in chilli pepper bioprimed with Trichoderma spp. such as plant defensin 1.2 (CaPDF1.2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APx), guaiacol peroxidase (GPx), pathogenesis related proteins PR-2 and PR-5. Results: The results showed that bioprimed seeds were assessed for T. asperellum, T. harzianum, and T. asperellum + T. harzianum-chilli root colonization interaction under in vivo conditions. The results of the scanning electron microscope revealed that T. asperellum, T. harzianum and T. asperellum + T. harzianum interact with chilli roots directly via the development of plant-Trichoderma interaction system. Seeds bio-primed with bioagents promoted the plant growth parameters, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, plant height, leaf area index, number of leaves, stem diameter and strengthening of physical barrier via lignification on the wall of vascular tissues and expression of six defense related genes in pepper against anthracnose. Conclusions: Application of T. asperellum and T. harzianum and in combination of treatments enhanced the plant growth. Further, as seeds bioprimed with T. asperellum, T. harzianum and in combination with treatment of T. asperellum + T. harzianum induced the strengthening of the cell wall by lignification and expression of six defense related genes CaPDF1.2, SOD, APx, GPx, PR-2 and PR-5 in pepper against C. truncatum. Our study contributed for better disease management through biopriming with T. asperellum, T. harzianum and T. asperellum + T. harzianum. The biopriming possess enormous potential to promote plant growth, modulate the physical barrier, and induced the defense related genes in chilli pepper against anthracnose. © 2023, The Author(s).
Potential of long non-coding RNAs in cancer patients: From biomarkers to therapeutic targets
(Wiley-Liss Inc., 2017) Subash Chandra Gupta; Yashoda Nandan Tripathi
Because of high specificity and easy detection in the tissues, serum, plasma, urine and saliva, interest in exploring the potential of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer patients continues to increase. LncRNAs have shown potential as a biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer, prostate cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer and many other cancer types. Some lncRNAs have also been used as adjunct to improve the specificity and sensitivity of existing biomarkers. The molecular tools such as RNA-seq, RNA-FISH, ic-SHAPE and quantitative real-time PCR have been used for examining the lncRNAs' potential. Some lncRNAs such as PCA3 is now routinely used in the clinic for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in lncRNAs can also be used as a predictor of cancer risk. Although ongoing studies continue to unravel the underlying mechanism, some lncRNAs have been used as therapeutic targets for the selective killing of cancer cells in patients. Thus lncRNAs are emerging as convenient and minimally invasive diagnostic/prognostic markers, and also as therapeutic target. Companies such as the Curna Inc., MiNA Therapeutics Ltd. and RaNA Therapeutics Inc. have been taking steps to develop lncRNA based strategies against cancer. In this review, we discuss the potential of lncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer patients. © 2016 UICC