Browsing by Author "Yogeshwar Singh"

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Chemical elicitors- a mitigation strategy for maximize crop yields under abiotic stress
(Elsevier, 2023) Ch L.N. Manikanta; P. Ratnakumar; R. Manasa; Brij B. Pandey; P.R. Vaikuntapu; Akankhya Guru; Arti Guhey; R. Beena; K. Ramesh; Yogeshwar Singh
Plants in their innate environment are challenged by several abiotic stresses viz., extremes of water and temperatures in general and in certain specified environments, salinity, heavy metal, and UV radiations either alone or in combination leading to crop yield penalty worldwide. Breeding approaches either through conventional or non-conventional have significantly contributed to the development of stress tolerant varieties, but not for unforeseen combination of multiple stresses. Therefore, there is a necessity to achieve long term protection to manage stresses. One such promising strategy is the application of low molecular weight chemical elicitors for tapping the innate potential of crops through activation of several defense-related genes and accumulation of phytoalexins. These chemical elicitors are either a natural or synthetic compounds known to act at very low concentrations as messenger molecules activating the signaling pathway via binding to the receptor molecules. This chapter is an attempt to provide an insight into the potential role, classification, and mode of action of the major chemical elicitors as a mitigating strategy against abiotic stress for sustainable yields. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Effect of fortified and unfortified rice-straw compost with NPK fertilizers on productivity, nutrient uptake and economics of rice (Oryza sativa)
(2006) Yogeshwar Singh; C.S. Singh; T.K. Singh; J.P. Singh
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy seasons (kharif) of 2002 and 2003 at the Research Farm of the institute at Varanasi to study the effect of superimposition of fortified and unfortified rice-straw compost @ 6 t/ha over recommended NPK (120 kg N, 60 kg P2O5, 60 kg K 2O/ha) on growth, yield and nutrient uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.). Among the different cellulo-azoto-bacterio compost treatments, rice-straw compost @ 6 t/ha inoculated with Azotobacter + phosphous solublizing bacteria (PSB) along with NPK registered significantly higher plant height, leaf-area index and yield attributes (panicles, panicle length, grains/panicle and test weight), and gave 21.17% increase in grain and 15.36% in straw yields compared with NPK (120 kg N, 60 kg P2O5, 60 kg K2O/ha). This treatment also gave the highest net returns (Rs 18,946/ha). Application of rice-straw compost inoculated with cellulolytic fungi + Azotobacter + PSB along with NPK was also equally effective as rice-straw compost inocluated with Azotobacter + PSB (cellulo-azoto-bacterio compost) along with NPK in terms of leaf-area index, number of panicles, grains/panicle, test weight and K uptake by rice. Fortified compost with Azotoacter and PSB + NPK also maintained soil fertility, as indicated by higher contents of organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. However, values of these parameters showed declining trend with recommended level of NPK (control).
Effect of graded fertility levels and silicon sources on crop yield, uptake and nutrient-use efficiency in rice (Oryza sativa)
(2006) P.C. Sudhakar; J.P. Singh; Yogeshwar Singh; Raghavendra Singh
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy seasons of 2001 and 2002 on sandy clay-loam soil (Ustochrept), to assess the influence of graded fertility levels and silicon sources on yield and nutrient uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.). Graded fertility levels up to 160-80-80-32-0.75 kg N-P 2O5-K2O-S-Zn-EDTA/ha significantly increased grain and straw yields of rice. Similarly, all the yield-attributing characters were also significantly increased up to same (F3) fertility level but it remained at par with F4 fertility (200-100-100-40-1.0 kg/ha) level. On the other hand, the highest nutrient uptake was associated with the highest fertility level of 200-100-100-40-1.00 kg N-P2O 5-K2O-S-Zn EDTA/ha. Among silicon sources, basic slag was superior to other sources as well as the control for yield and nutrients uptake.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and ecnomics of french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
(2009) Rajput Pankaj Kumar; O.N. Singh; Yogeshwar Singh; Sachchidanand Dwivedi; J.P. Singh
An experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) 2004-05 and 2005-06 at Varanasi to study the effect of organic, inorganic and biofertilizers on french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The soil was sandy loam with pH 7.42. It was moderately fertile, being low in organic carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and zinc and medium in phosphorus, potassium and iron. The experiment was conducted in split-plot design with 3 replications. Five fertility levels combining inorganic (NPK) and organic (vermicompost) were allotted to main plot and 7 different combinations of biofertilzers (Rhizobium + Bacillus polymyxa + Pseudomonas fluorescence) and micronutrients (Zn and Fe) were subjected to sub-plot. Results showed superimposition of 25% N organic (recommended dose of N through vermicompost) to 100% NPK (recommended dose of NPK through fertilizers), being at par with 100% NPK + 50% N organic resulted in significant improvement in growth character, plant height, branches/plant, trifoliate leaves/plant and dry matter/plant, yield attributes (pod length, pods/plant and grains/pod), yield (grain and straw, harvest index) and nutrient (N, P, K, S, Zn and Fe) uptake. However, unfilled pods/pant was lesser with this fertility level. Gross and net returns were higher with 100% NPK + 50% N organic fertility level but B:C ratio was higher under 100% NPK + 25% N organic level. The combined effect of biofertilizers and micronutrients (biofertilizer + Zn + Fe treatment) was significantly better than their individual effects as this treatment significantly improved growth characters, yield attributes, yield, harvest index, nutrient uptake and B:C ratio. Furthermore, integration of 100% NPK +25% N organic and biofertilizer + Zn + Fe was conducive for getting significantly optimum yield.
Effect of level and time of silicon application on growth, yield and its uptake by rice (Oryza sativa)
(2006) Kalyan Singh; Raghavendra Singh; J.P. Singh; Yogeshwar Singh
A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 1999-2002 at the Varanasi to study the effect of silicon nutrition on growth, yield and silicon content as well as its uptake by 'Swarna' rice (Oryza sativa L.). Increasing level of Si up to 120 kg/ha significantly increased dry matter, flag leaf effectivity, yield attributes and yield of rice over its lower dose of 60 kg Si/ha except test-weight that improved up to 180 kg Si/ha. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents in grain and straw significantly increased due to Si application up to 180 kg Si / ha. While significant improvement in potassium and zinc concentrations were recorded up to 120 kg Si / ha. Si application relatively reduced Fe and Mn concentrations in the crop. Significant response from silicon application up to 180 kg / ha was found towards Si contents and its uptake at different growth stages as well as at harvest. Use of full quantity of Si as basal was superior to other Si application time with respect to growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and benefit: cost ratio in rice.
Effect of nutrient management on yield, quality and economics of irrigated Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)
(2010) Yogeshwar Singh; Tarkeshwar Singh; U.N. Singh; P.K. Rajput
A field experiment was carried out during winter seasons of 2004 to 2006 on sandy loam soils of Varanasi to study me effect of different levels of nitrogen (50, 100 and 150 kg N/ha), sulphur (0, 30 and 60 kg S/ha) and zinc (0, 0.5 and 1.0 kg ZnEDTA/ha) on growth, yield attributes, yield, quality and economics of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Coss.]. Significant improvement in growth parameters and seed and stover yields were observed up to 15030- 0.50 kg N-S- Zn EDTA/ha, respectively. The values of oil and protein content, nutrient contents and their acquisition; oil and protein yields had the highest affinity with the highest levels of N, S and Zn. The acid value significantly increased with increasing rates of nitrogen up to 150 kg N /ha and sulphur up to 60 kg S/ha, while decreased with zinc application where highest value was associated with control. The mustard crop fertilized with 150-30-0.50 kg N-S- Zn EDTA /ha fetched the highest net returns with maximum benefit : cost ratio.
Effect of organic nitrogen sources on yield quality and nutrient uptake of rice (Oryza sativa) under different cropping system
(2013) S.K. Yadav; Yogeshwar Singh; R.P. Kumar; M.K. Yadav; Kalyan Singh
A field experiment was conducted during 2005-06 and 2006-07 to study the effect of organic nitrogen sources on yield, quality and nutrient uptake of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under different cropping systems. Among the cropping system, rice-potato-onion gave the highest rice grain equivalent yield (355.7 q ha-1) and maximum net return (Rs.268656 ha-1). However the organic nitrogen nutrition (1/3FYM +1/3poultry manure + 1/3vermicompost) with bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter and PSB) had the highest rice grain equivalent yield (353.1 q ha-1) net monetary return (Rs.292454 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (3.07). The application of organic manure alone or along with biofertilizers inoculation significantly improved the quality parameters, nutrient uptake and fertility status of soil over control. Organic nutrition treatments i.e. (1/3FYM +1/3poultry manure + 1/3vermicompost) with bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter and PSB) and also without bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter and PSB) significantly improved availability of major (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), and secondary (sulphur) nutrients over control under the study and the maximum gain of major (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) and secondary (sulphur) nutrients was associated with the application of organic matter (1/3FYM +1/3poultry manure + 1/3 vermicompost) along with bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter and PSB).
Effect of organic nitrogen sources on yield, nutrient uptake and soil health under rice (Oryza sativa) based cropping sequence
(2013) S.K. Yadav; Yogeshwar Singh; M.K. Yadav; Subhash Babu; Kalyan Singh
A two year of field experimentation was carried out at Varanasi from 2005-07 to study the effect of organic nitrogen sources on yield, nutrient uptake and soil health under rice (Oryza sativa) based cropping sequence. The soil was sandy clay loam in the texture with pH 7.4, moderately fertile, being low in organic carbon (0.50%), available nitrogen (185.5 kg/ha). The experiment on rice based cropping sequences with 3 organic N nutrition treatments was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Seven rice based cropping sequences [rice-potato-onion; rice-green pea-onion; rice-potatocowpea (green pod); rice-green pea-cowpea (green pod); rice-rajmash (green pod)-onion; rice-rajmash (green pod)-cowpea (green pod) and rice-maize (green cob)-cowpea (vegetable)] were assigned to main plots and three treatments comprising nitrogen application (control; organic manure; organic manure + bio-fertilizer) were allocated to sub plots. The system productivity was the highest (355.73 q/ha) with rice-potato-onion cropping sequence under investigation. Among the manurial treatment, organic nitrogen nutrition with biofertilizers had the highest rice grain equivalent yield (353.08 q/ha) and net monetary return (292 454). The application of organic manure alone or along with biofertilizers inoculation significantly improved the N, P, K and S uptake by cropping sequence over control. However maximum improvement in soil health related to soil organic carbon, available nutrient status, soil micro-organism population were observed in organic nitrogen sources alone or along with biofertilizers.
Effect of organic nutrient sources on yield, nutrient uptake and soil biological properties of rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping sequence
(2013) S.K. Yadav; Subhash Babu; Yogeshwar Singh; M.K. Yadav; G.S. Yadav; Suresh Pal; Raghavendra Singh; Kalyan Singh
A field experiment was carried out at Varanasi for two years (2005-2007) to study the effect of organic nutrient sources on yield, nutrient uptake and soil properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) based cropping sequence. Seven rice-based cropping sequences viz. rice-potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)-onion (Allium cepa L); rice-green pea (Pisum sativum var. hortense)-onion; rice-potato-cowpea (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis); rice-green pea-cowpea; rice-rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)-onion; rice-rajmash-cowpea and rice-maize (Zea mays L.)-cowpea were assigned to main plots and three treatments of nitrogen application viz. control; organic manure; organic manure + biofertilizer were allotted to sub plots. Highest rice equivalent yield (35.57 t/ha), monetary net returns (268.7×103/ha), production efficiency (96.81 and 98.11 kg/ha/day) and irrigation efficiency (504.8 and 511.6 kg/ha-cm) were found under rice-potato-onion cropping sequence. Among the organic treatments, the highest rice equivalent yield (35.3 t/ha), production efficiency (95.7 and 97.8 kg/ha/day), irrigation efficiency (515.7 and 527.4 kg/ha-cm) and soil biological indictors like dehydrogenase activities, urease activities, soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen were obtained under organic nutrient management combined with biofertilizers.
Phytosiderophore-based molecular approach for enhanced iron acquisition to increase crop production under high pH calcareous soils
(2011) Kalyan Singh; Yogeshwar Singh; A.K. Upadhyay; S. Mori
In the plant kingdom, two different Fe-deficiency chlorosis induced root strategies exist. Strategy I typical for dicots and monocots, with exception of grasses, is characterized by increased root reducing capacity (plasma membrane bound reductase), lowering the pH of the medium and in some instances enhanced release of phenolics. Strategy II iron acquisition mechanism of graminaceous monocots release iron-chelating mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (MAs in response to Fe deficiency) which solubilize inorganic Fe III compounds by chelation to form Fe 3+-MA. These Fe 3+-MAs are passed through a highly specific Fe transporter (yellow strip - YS I) present in the root plasma membrane. Further, notification of the key enzymes such as nicotianamine synthase (NAS) and/or nicotianaimine aminotransferase (NAAT) as well as deoxygenase gene IDS3 paved the way for the development of transgenic rice plants with enriched DMA both in shoot and root of chlorotic plants. Therefore, it is established that the genetic engineering can transfer traits from plants tolerant to adverse conditions to field crops for sustained productivity. Introduction of NAS, NAAT and IDS3 genes, respectively in rice has been found very effective in producing higher amount of phytosiderophores (MAs). Introduction of linearly combined genes NAS, NAAT and IDS3.Two cis-elements (iron deficiency-responsive elements) IDE 1 and IDE 2 have also been identified.
Productivity and economics of integrated farming system in irrigated agroecosystem of eastern Uttar Pradesh
(2007) Kalyan Singh; J.S. Bohra; T.K. Singh; J.P. Singh; Yogeshwar Singh; C.S. Singh
An experiment to identify an efficient farming system for irrigated agro-ecosystem of eastern Uttar Pradesh was carried out at Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during 2002-03 and 2003-04. Based on the 2-year study, rice (Oryza sativa L.)-pea (Pisum sativum L. var. arvense Poir.)-okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.) was selected as the most remunerative cropping sequence, with the highest rice grain-equivalent yield (170.98 q/ha) and net return (Rs 66,079/ha) among all the sequences. Dairy produced considerably higher net return (Rs 3,17,904/ha) than poultry (Rs 39,768/ha) and fishery (Rs 21,224/ha) but had lower benefit: cost ratio (1.28) than the fish component (1.42). The poultry component was found least profitable for every rupee invested. The farming system comprising crop component [rice-pea-okra and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]-berseem (Tripliam alexandrinum L.)-maize (Zea mays L.)], dairy, poultry and fishery was identified as the most suitable and efficient farming system model, giving the highest system productivity, i.e. rice grain-equivalent yield of 1,237.5 q/ha and net return under irrigated agro-ecosystem of eastern Uttar Pradesh.
Profitability of high value crops with organic nitrogen sources under rice (Oryza sativa) based cropping sequence
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2014) S.K. Yadav; Subhash Babu; M.K. Yadav; Yogeshwar Singh; Kalyan Singh
A field experiment was conducted during 2005-06 and 2006-07 at Campus Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi to identify a suitable high value cropping sequence with organic nitrogen sources under rice (Oryza sativa L.) based cropping system. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Seven rice based cropping sequences, viz. rice-potato-onion; rice-green pea-onion; rice-potatocowpea (green pod); rice-green pea-cowpea; rice-rajmash (green pod)-onion; rice-rajmash-cowpea and rice-maize (green cob)-cowpea were assigned to main plots and three organic treatments (control; 100% RDN through organic manure along with biofertilizers and 100% RDN through organic manure alone) were allocated to sub plots. Among the cropping sequences, rice-potato-onion gave the highest rice grain equivalent yield (35.57 tonnes/ha), maximum net return (268 656/ha), profitability (738/ha/day) and labour employment generation (469 man days/ha/year). However rice yield and soil fertility status was not significantly affected by cropping sequences. Application of 100% recommended dose of through organic manure along with biofertilizers (Azotobacter and PSB) had the highest rice equivalent grain yield (35.31 tonnes/ha), production efficiency (96.74 kg/ha/day), net monetary return (292 454/ ha), profitability (803/ha/day) and labour employment generation (419 man days/ha/year). Inclusion of pulses in sequence with proved superior due to its viable favorable effect on soil fertility. Thus organic nitrogen nutrition with biofertilizers had the highest rice equivalent grain yield, production efficiency, net monetary return and profitability.