Browsing by Author "Z. Ali"

Now showing 1 - 17 of 17

Adenosine deaminase activity and lysozyme levels in children with tuberculosis
(Oxford University Press, 2000) O.P. Mishra; S. Yusaf; Z. Ali; G. Nath; B.K. Das
Serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and lysozyme levels were measured in 51 patients with tuberculosis (21 pulmonary, 15 miliary, 11 neurotuberculoma and four abdominal plus osteoarticular) and 20 healthy controls. The mean serum ADA activity and lysozyme levels were significantly raised in children with different forms of tuberculosis in comparison with controls (p < 0.001). The neurotuberculoma cases had the lowest mean enzyme levels and the differences were significant when compared with other forms of tuberculosis. The cut-off serum ADA activity of ≥ 42 IU/l and lysozyme level of ≥ 20 U/l were diagnostic of tuberculosis with 100 per cent sensitivity. A significant correlation was observed between the two parameters (r = 0.66; p < 0.001). Thus, with compatible clinical presentation, the raised serum level of either ADA or lysozyme can be used as a supportive diagnostic test.
Adenosine deaminase activity in nephrotic syndrome
(Oxford University Press, 1997) O.P. Mishra; Rajiv Garg; Z. Ali; Usha
Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was evaluated in 40 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and 20 healthy controls. The significantly decreased response to purified protein derivative (PPD) (P < 0.001), absolute lymophocyte count (ALC) (P < 0.02), T-lymphocytes percentage (P < 0.001) and elevated serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity (P < 0.001) were observed in patients with active nephrotic syndrome (ANS) in comparison to controls. The overall mean values of T-lymphocytes percentage and ADA activity in ANS patients were 73.7 and 213.7 per cent of normal mean, respectively. A significant negative correlation was observed between the two parameters (r = -0.5649, P < 0.001). In remission, the ALC and T-lymphocytes percentage showed significant increase in levels in comparison to their corresponding ANS values (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively), but the latter remained significantly lower when compared with controls (P < 0.001). The ADA activity did not differ significantly in comparison to corresponding ANS level. Thus, impaired CMI was observed both in active, as well as in remission stage of the disease and ADA activity demonstrated a more pronounced change than other parameters.
Adenosine deaminase activity in typhoid fever.
(1994) O.P. Mishra; B.L. Gupta; Z. Ali; G. Nath; L. Chandra
Serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was determined in 41 patients of typhoid fever and 15 normal controls. The mean ADA activity was significantly raised in typhoid fever patients as compared to controls (p < 0.001). The peak enzymatic activity was observed in the first week of illness. Complicated patients had lower mean ADA activity at diagnosis as compared to uncomplicated group and they showed a rise in enzyme level during defervescence, repeated in a few cases. A significant correlation between serum ADA activity and lymphocyte percentage was found (r = 0.4245, p < 0.001). It is concluded that ADA activity in typhoid fever patients not only indicates immunity but also has a prognostic value.
Binding of linker histones to the core nucleosome.
(1987) Z. Ali; N. Singh
Binding of chicken erythrocyte linker histones H1/H5 to the core nucleosome has been studied. Histones H1/H5 bind very efficiently to the isolated core nucleosome in vitro. The binding of linker histones to the core nucleosome is associated with aggregation of the particles. Approximately one molecule of linker histone binds per core nucleosome in the aggregates, irrespective of the concentration of the linker histones and the salt used. Histone H5 shows greater binding affinity to the core nucleosome as compared to H1. The carboxyl-terminal fragment of the linker histones binds strongly to the core nucleosome while the binding of the central globular domain is weak. Each core nucleosome is capable of binding two molecules of carboxyl-terminal fragment of linker histone. The core nucleosome containing one molecule of carboxyl-terminal fragment of linker histone requires higher salt concentration for aggregation while the core nucleosome containing two molecules of carboxyl-terminal fragment of linker histone can self-associate even at lower salt concentrations. On the basis of these results we are proposing a novel mechanism for the condensation of chromatin by linker histones and other related phenomena.
Cerebrospinal fluid adenosine deaminase activity and C-reactive protein in tuberculous and partially treated bacterial meningitis
(1995) O.P. Mishra; V. Loiwal; Z. Ali; G. Nath; L. Chandra; B.K. Das
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity measurement and C-reactive protein (C-RP) detection were done in CSF of 27 tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and 8 patients of partially treated bacterial meningitis, apart from routine biochemical tests. Both the groups had comparable CSF cell count, protein and sugar concentrations. The mean CSF ADA activity was significantly raised in TBM as compared to partially treated bacterial meningitis patients (p < 0.05). A cut-off ADA level of ≤5 IU/L and C-RP positivity were used for differentiation of partially treated bacterial from TBM cases. Based on this, the sensitivity and specificity of ADA and C-RP were 62.5%, 88.9% and 75%, 100%, respectively. Since both the tests are simple and take lesser time to perform, they can be used as rapid diagnostic tests to remove diagnostic dilemma between the two diseases.
Cerebrospinal fluid adenosine deaminase activity for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in children
(Oxford University Press, 1996) O.P. Mishra; V. Loiwal; Z. Ali; G. Nath; L. Chandra
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 27 subjects suffering from tuberculous meningitis (TBM), 19 from bacterial meningitis, 10 from encephalitis, and 10 control subjects. The mean CSF ADA level was significantly raised (P < 0.001) in TBM patients as compared to other study groups. A cut-off CSF ADA level of > 5 IU/l was considered for the diagnosis of TBM, and the test had sensitivity and specificity of 89 and 92 per cent, respectively. Overall, it was found to be a better test in comparison to any other single test for the diagnosis of TBM. Confirmed TBM patients had significantly higher CSF ADA activity when compared with clinical TBM (P < 0.01) and the levels did not differ significantly among different stages of disease. The ADA level in TBM cases had significant correlation with CSF cell count (P < 0.01), lymphocyte percentage (P < 0.02) and protein concentration (P < 0.02). Thus, the CSF ADA activity assay was found to be a simple, useful and rapid diagnostic test for the early recognition of TBM in children.
Cerebrospinal fluid lysozyme level for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in children
(2003) O.P. Mishra; P. Batra; Z. Ali; S. Anupurba; B.K. Das
Lysozyme activity was assayed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 32 tuberculous meningitis (TBM), 17 bacterial meningitis, 10 partially treated bacterial meningitis, 18 encephalitis and 18 control subjects. The mean CSF lysozyme activity was significantly raised (p < 0.001) in TBM patients compared with other study groups. A cut-off CSF lysozyme level of ≥ 26 U/l had a sensitivity and specificity of 93.7 and 84.1 per cent, respectively for the diagnosis of TBM. Overall, it was found to be a better test than any other single test and thus can be used for rapid and early diagnosis of TBM in children.
Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction and adenosine deaminase assay for the diagnosis of tuberculous effusions in children
(2006) O.P. Mishra; R. Kumar; Z. Ali; R. Prasad; G. Nath
Aim: To evaluate and compare the utility of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of tuberculous effusions in children. Methods: PCR, adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) were evaluated in the fluid of 31 tuberculous (20 pleural, 8 ascites and 3 pericardial) and 24 non-tuberculous (10 transudtative ascites, 8 empyema thoracis, 3 malignant pleural and 3 pyopericardium) effusions. Results: Fluid PCR for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was positive in 74% of tuberculous effusions, whereas it was falsely positive in 13% of the non-tuberculous group. The mean fluid ADA and ALC values were significantly higher in tuberculous effusions than in non-tuberculous effusions (p<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of PCR, ADA (≥38 IU/l) and ALC (≥275/mm 3) were 74% and 88%, 81% and 75%, and 90% and 83%, respectively, in diagnosing tuberculous effusions. The sensitivity of PCR, ADA and ALC was 100%, 100% and 88%, respectively, for confirmed tuberculous effusions. When the two tests were combined (either/or positive), the sensitivity increased (90-100%) at the expense of specificity. When both the tests were positive, then the specificity markedly increased (92-96%), but sensitivity of the tests decreased. Conclusion: Fluid PCR alone should not be relied on as a single test; rather, combined analysis with either ADA or ALC could be more useful in the diagnosis of tuberculous effusions in children.
Humoral immunity in pediatric Kalaazar patients in India
(1997) L. Usha; A. Dikshit; D.S. Singh; S. Sunder; Z. Ali; R.M. Gupta
The study included 20 patients of Kalaazar in children and 20 healthy children of same age group. Mostly patients were males (75%) and in age group of 3 to 10 years. Humoral immunity was assessed by total serum protein, immunoglobulin estimation and circulating immune complexes. Significant hyperproteinemia was found in patient group as compared to control (p<.001). Ninety percent children had increased IgG above 1600 mg/dl (Mean 2392 ± 715.11 mg/dl). Similarly serum IgM and IgA were also significantly raised in comparison to controls (IgA 178 ± 74 59 mg/dl IgM 194.5 ± 89.8 mg/dl). Except one patient almost all had significant increase in circulating immune complexes (79 78 ± 22.55%). None of the patients had glomerulonephritis, vasculitis or arthritis.
Immune Status with Empyema Thoracis
(The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 2004) O.P. Mishra; K. Varshney; Usha; Z. Ali; G. Nath; V.K. Pathak; B.K. Das
Objective: To evaluate the humoral and cell mediated immune status of children with empyema thoracis. Methods: Serum IgG, IgA, IgM, Complement C 3 assay and cell mediated immunity (CMI) tests were performed in 33 patients of empyema thoracis, and 14 healthy age matched controls. Results: The mean serum IgG and IgA levels in empyema thoracis and its subgroups were significantly raised as compared to controls. The overall values of IgG and IgA were 104% (P<0.001) and 114% (P<0.01) of normal mean, respectively. The mean serum IgM and complement C3 levels did not differ significantly in both the groups. The frequency of negative skin reaction to purified protein derivative (PPD) was significantly higher in children with empyema thoracis as compared to controls (P<0.05). The mean absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) was significantly decreased and serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was significantly raised in empyema thoracis in comparison to controls. The overall ALC was 76.1% (P<0.01) and serum ADA activity was 169.4% (P<0.001) of normal mean, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the mean levels of immunoglobulins, complement C3 and CMI tests between pyothorax and pyopneumothorax and pleural fluid culture positive and negative cases. Conclusions: Thus, both humoral and cell mediated immunity were affected in empyema thoracis patients. However, CMI demonstrated more pronounced change in comparison to humoral immunity.
Immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes in nephrotic syndrome
(Oxford University Press, 1997) O.P. Mishra; Rajiv Garg; Usha; Z. Ali; B.K. Das
Serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA and IgM) levels were measured in 40 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and 20 healthy controls. Significantly decreased IgG (P < 0.001), normal IgA and increased IgM (P < 0.05), averaging 92 per cent, 99 per cent and 104 per cent of normal mean, respectively, were observed in active nephrotic syndrome (ANS). The mean immunoglobulin levels did not differ significantly among different subgroups of ANS cases. In remission, a significant increase in IgG (P < 0.01), a decrease in IgA (P < 0.05) and in IgM (P < 0.01) levels were found in comparison to their corresponding ANS values. Their concentrations were significantly abnormal also when compared with controls. The circulating immune complexes (CIC), detected by polyethylene glycol (PEG) per cent index, demonstrated that overall mean serum level was significantly higher (P < 0.01, 168 per cent of normal) in ANS patients. Among different subgroups, the mean level was significantly elevated (P < 0.001, 205 per cent of normal) only in relapsing nephrotic syndrome cases. Thus, the abnormal levels of inmunoglobulins were found both in active as well as in remission stage of the disease, while elevated levels of CIC were seen only in patients with relapse.
Levels of immunoglobulins and complement C3 in protein-energy malnutrition [3]
(1999) O.P. Mishra; S. Agrawal; Usha; Z. Ali; B.K. Das; T.B. Singh
[No abstract available]
Lysozyme levels for the diagnosis of tuberculous effusions in children
(Oxford University Press, 2000) O.P. Mishra; S. Yusuf; Z. Ali; G. Nath
Lysozyme level was measured in the fluid and serum of 42 tuberculous (25 pleural, 11 ascites and 6 pericardial) and 29 non-tuberculous (5 malignant, 9 empyema thoracis, 10 transudative ascites and 5 pyopericardium) effusions. The mean fluid lysozyme level was significantly raised in tuberculous pleural, ascites, and pericardial effusions in comparison to malignant pleural (p< 0.001), transudative ascites (p < 0.001), and pyopericardium (p < 0.02) cases, respectively. The mean fluid/serum lysozyme ratio did not differ significantly between tuberculous and their corresponding non-tuberculous effusions. The confirmed tuberculous pleural effusion patients had significantly higher mean fluid lysozyme level and fluid/serum lysozyme ratio when compared with clinical cases (p < 0.05). The cut-off fluid lysozyme level of ≥50/UI-1 and fluid/serum lysozyme ratio of ≥1.1 were considered for the diagnosis of tuberculous effusions; the sensitivity and specificity of fluid lysozyme and fluid/serum lysozyme ratios were 100, 100 per cent, and 97.6, 33.3 per cent, respectively, on excluding the patients with purulent effusions. A significant correlation was observed between the fluid and serum lysozyme levels in tuberculous effusions (r = 0.39, p < 0.01). Thus, fluid lysozyme was found to be a better and reliable test than fluid/serum lysozyme ratio for the diagnosis of tuberculous effusions in children.
Pharmacological evaluation of some bioactive plant products on albino rats.
(1998) T.N. Tiwari; J. Varma; N.K. Dubey; J.P. Chansouria; Z. Ali
The study comprises the pharmacological trials with essential oils of Caesulia axillaris, Ocimum gratissimum and Mentha arvensis which have shown strong antifungal property. The biochemical analysis of blood and serum of albino rats fed with the oil treated diet for sixty days exhibited nonanimal toxic nature of the oils. The study reveals the possibility of further exploitation of the oils as safe antifungal agents of plant origin.
Properties of oligonucleosomes from active genes of rat liver.
(1995) Q.A. Hamid; Z. Ali
Active chromatin fraction from rat liver nuclei has been isolated under the lower ionic strength conditions, to prevent salt induced rearrangement and exchange of linker histone H1. Salt induced higher order folding in these oligonucleosomes was determined by sedimentation, viscosity, aggregation and circular dichroism studies. Sedimentation studies indicate that upon raising the ionic strength from 25 mM to 65 mM (mainly NaCl), active oligonucleosomes show intrafragmental interaction and formation of soluble oligomers. These oligomers disaggregate into unfolded monomers at 90 mM ionic strength. In contrast, oligonucleosomes from inactive genes show gradual increase in intrafragmental higher order folding without any interfragmental interaction on raising salt concentration. A much higher decrease in viscosity of active oligonucleosomes in comparison to bulk oligonucleosomes also support the above conclusion. However, on raising salt concentration above 100 mM NaCl, both the chromatin fractions are capable of forming insoluble aggregates. Decrease in the molar ellipticities of bulk oligonucleosomes at 273 and 282 nm is observed on raising ionic strength from 25 mM to 65 mM. A different pattern of this decrease is observed in case of active oligonucleosomes, indicating adaptation of a different type of salt induced secondary structure of DNA in these oligonucleosomes. Melting profile of DNA from active and bulk chromatin suggests that the base composition of both the chromatin fractions is same.
Serum adenosine deaminase in carcinoma breast
(Springer India, 1996) A.K. Khanna; S. Yadav; Z. Ali; N.C. Arya
Serum Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) activity was studied in 20 control cases and 32 patients with carcinoma breast. In control group the ADA activity ranged from 13-94 IU/L with a mean of 43.75 ± 21.55 IU/L while in patients of carcinoma breast it was 16-95 IU/L with a mean of 47.46 ± 22.54 IU/L, but these values were not statistically different. The ADA activity was also compared with other parameters in patients of carcinoma breast but the difference was not statistically significant in the various parameters like duration of disease, menopausal status, tumor size, hemoglobin level, total leucocyte count, absolute lymphocyte count, total serum proteins, serum albumin, histological grade of tumor and lymphocytic infiltration. The only significant difference in ADA activity was when N1 status of lymph node was compared with N2 status of lymph node.
The binding of berenil to escherichia coli ribosome
(1977) S. Sinharay; Z. Ali; D.P. Burma
The binding of the nonintercalating dye berenil to the 70S ribosome of Eacheriohia coli has been demonstrated by spectrophotometric measurements and gel filtration through Biogel P100 column. The berenil spectrum is gradually shifted towards the red region with the increasing amount of ribosome added, the isosbestic point being at 375 nm. There is positive cooperativity in the binding of berenil to the ribosome as demonstrated by the equilibrium dialysis. On binding with berenil, the ribosome is degraded faster by RNase I specially at low Mg++ concentration and its oapacity to inhibit RNase I catalysed hydrolysis of ribopolymers is decreased. These indicate the unfolding of the structure of the ribosome. © 1977 Information Retrieval Limited.