Browsing by Author "Ziledar Ali"

Now showing 1 - 11 of 11

Antioxidant status of children with acute renal failure
(2008) Om Prakash Mishra; Vishal Pooniya; Ziledar Ali; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay; Rajniti Prasad
The production of free radicals can cause renal injury and play a role in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure (ARF). The indirect markers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated in children with ARF and controls. Forty patients with ARF aged 0-10 years were selected. Twenty age- and gender-matched healthy children were included as controls. Plasma malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, nitrite, copper, ascorbic acid, zinc, and ceruloplasmin levels were estimated in patients with ARF and controls. The plasma malondialdehyde (p <0.01), copper (p <0.001), ascorbic acid (p <0.05), and ceruloplasmin (p <0.001) levels were significantly raised in ARF patients in comparison with controls. Significantly higher levels of plasma malondialdehyde (p <0.01), nitrite (p <0.001), copper (p <0.001), and ceruloplasmin (p <0.001) and lower plasma zinc (p <0.01) were found in ARF nonsurvivors in comparison with survivors. The cutoff levels of plasma nitrite and ceruloplasmin were found to be most accurate in predicting mortality in ARF patients and had maximum sensitivity (100%) and specificity (60.7%) among the parameters studied. In conclusion, the increased levels of oxidants and antioxidants suggest the production of ROS and their possible role in ARF pathogenesis. Plasma nitrite and ceruloplasmin concentrations demonstrated predictive ability in relation to mortality. © IPNA 2008.
Antioxidant status of children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
(2011) Om P. Mishra; Aditya K. Gupta; Rajniti Prasad; Ziledar Ali; Ram S. Upadhyay; Surendra P. Mishra; Narendra K. Tiwary; Franz S. Schaefer
The production of free radicals can cause renal injury and play an important role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Markers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated in 48 patients with active nephrotic syndrome (ANS) and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy children. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, nitrite, copper, zinc, selenium, ascorbic acid, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were estimated in patients with ANS and controls. Measurements were repeated in 39 cases after achievement of remission, and in 10 other children who were in remission of >6 months' duration. Plasma MDA and nitrite levels were significantly higher and selenium was lower in ANS patients compared with controls. Plasma protein carbonyl, copper ascorbic acid, zinc, and superoxide dismutase levels were comparable in ANS patients and controls. Plasma copper level was significantly higher in active cases than in the remission and long-term remission groups. Selenium value showed a rise and then normalized in long-term remission. Among different sub-groups of ANS, no significant differences were found in the levels of various parameters, except plasma selenium, which was significantly lower in first-attack nephrotic syndrome (FANS) in comparison to infrequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (IRNS) and frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS) patients. Thus, we observed evidence of oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defense during acute nephrotic syndrome. Antioxidant status recovered completely only during long-term remission. © 2010 IPNA.
Development of a novel rapid immunodiagnostic kit based on flagellar 40 kDa antigen epitope for the detection of typhoid fever in Indian patients
(2013) Rahul Mitra; Surya Bhan; Gopal Nath; Narender Kumar; Ziledar Ali
To aid the clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever in India, where most hospitals and primary health centres have no facilities for culture, we report on the development of a novel and rapid immunodiagnostic kit for the direct detection of Salmonella Typhi-specific IgG antibodies against S. Typhi flagellar H antigen. The disease often does not show a specific clinical picture, and can be confused with other febrile illness such as malaria, dengue fever and Staphylococcus aureus. To overcome the problem of cross reactivity specific epitope of the flagellar H antigen was immobilised on the testing kit strip eliminating chances of cross reactivity and false positive results thereby increasing the specificity of the test. Since the immunodiagnostic kit, uses the flagellar H antigen from bacteria present in our country, the antibodies present in the serum of patients of our country will have maximum binding affinity, enhancing the sensitivity of our test kit. The immunodiagnostic kit on analysis gave a positive result with clinically diagnosed typhoid positive patient serum and negative results were obtained with the sera of clinically diagnosed malaria, abscess of Staphylococcus aureus and Visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) patients. Copyright © 2013 Rahul Mitra et al.
Effects of ethidium bromide and berenil on protein synthesis
(Springer India, 1979) Ziledar Ali; D.P. Burma
The effects of ethidium bromide, an intercalating dye and berenil, a nonintercalating dye on the biological activities of Escherichia coli ribosomes have been studied. Ethidium bromide treatment drastically reduced both enzymatic and nonenzymatic initiation complex formation, enzymatic as well as nonenzymatic binding of phenylalanyl tRNA, peptidyl transferase, GTPase as well as the overall protein synthesising activity as measured by the poly U-dependent polymerization of phenylalanine. On berenil treatment, however, only enzymatic formation of the initiation complex is marginally reduced. Other reactions are not markedly affected except the enzymatic phenylalanyl tRNA binding which is slightly decreased only at high Mg2+ concentration; the treated ribosome has lowered polymerizing activity at sub-optimal Mg2+ concentration (10 mM). Although it has already been shown in this laboratory that treatment with either dye leads to the unfolding of the structure of the ribosome, the present studies indicate that berenil treatment does not alter the structure of the ribosome drastically in contrast to ethidium bromide treatment. © 1979 Indian Academy of Sciences.
Lymphocyte adenosine deaminase activity in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
(2005) Om P. Mishra; Jayant Ghosh; Ziledar Ali; Malay Sen; Rajniti Prasad
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity, as a marker of cell-mediated immunity, was evaluated in the serum (S-ADA) and lymphocytes (L-ADA) of 47 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, and 23 healthy controls. The mean S-ADA and L-ADA levels were significantly raised in active nephrotic syndrome (ANS) and in its sub-groups in comparison with controls. The ADA activity was significantly more elevated in relapsers than for the first attack of nephrotic patients, and the frequent relapsers had the highest enzymatic levels both in serum as well as lymphocytes. A significant positive correlation was found between serum and lymphocyte ADA levels (r=0.736, p<0.01). In remission, the S-ADA showed a significant fall in comparison with their corresponding ANS value (p <0.001) and reached the level of controls. The mean L-ADA also showed reduction but the difference was statistically insignificant and the value was significantly raised, when compared with controls. The enzyme activity in serum and lymphocytes normalized in the long-term remission group. Thus, ADA activity was abnormal in ANS cases, and L-ADA demonstrated change both in active as well as remission stage of the disease. © IPNA 2005.
Replacement of histone H1 by H5 in vivo does not change the nucleosome repeat length of chromatin but increases its stability
(Oxford University Press, 1990) Jian-Min Sun; Ziledar Ali; Rudolf Lurz; Adolf Ruiz-Carrillo
In vivo competition between histones HI and H5 for chromatin has been studied in rat sarcoma XC10 cells transfected with a glucocorticoid responsive MMTV-H5 gene. Activation of H5 expression results in accumulation of H5 in the nuclei where it partially replaces H1. H5 displaces HI from its primary binding sites presumably during chromatin replication and also binds with high affinity to secondary chromatin sites normally not occupied by HI. Replacement of HI by H5 to levels similar to those of mature chicken erythrocytes does not alter the nucleosome repeat length of chromatin. This indicates that H5 is not solely responsible for the increase in nucleosome spacing of maturing erythroid cells. Exchange of HI by H5 in vivo or in vitro results in a higher compaction/stability of chromatin.
Serum lipids and lipoprotein(a) levels in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
(2012) Om P. Mishra; Rajniti Prasad; Divya Atri; Surya K. Singh; Ziledar Ali
The present study was carried out prospectively to evaluate serum lipids and lipoprotein(a) levels in children with nephrotic syndrome during the active phase of disease and during a remission. Serum lipids and lipoprotein(a) levels were measured in 40 children, aged 2-10 years, during the active phase of nephrotic syndrome; 25 with a first attack, 9 infrequent relapsers and 6 frequent relapsers, and during remission and in 20 healthy age-matched controls. The mean serum lipids and lipoprotein(a) levels were significantly raised during the active phase of nephrotic syndrome (p< 0.001). The values were relatively higher in relapsers. The lipids and lipoprotein(a) levels decreased during a remission but were significantly higher (p< 0.05) than controls. Serum lipids had a negative correlation with serum albumin and lipoprotein(a) had a positive correlation with proteinuria (r=0.5246, p< 0.01) but no correlation with serum albumin. The elevated lipids and lipoprotein(a) in both the active phase of nephrotic syndrome and during remission suggest a possible predisposition to atherosclerosis in future. © 2012 - IOS Press and the authors.
Serum lipids and lipoprotein(a) levels in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
(Georg Thieme Verlag, 2012) Om P. Mishra; Rajniti Prasad; Divya Atri; Surya K. Singh; Ziledar Ali
The present study was carried out prospectively to evaluate serum lipids and lipoprotein(a) levels in children with nephrotic syndrome during the active phase of disease and during a remission. Serum lipids and lipoprotein(a) levels were measured in 40 children, aged 2-10 years, during the active phase of nephrotic syndrome; 25 with a first attack, 9 infrequent relapsers and 6 frequent relapsers, and during remission and in 20 healthy age-matched controls. The mean serum lipids and lipoprotein(a) levels were significantly raised during the active phase of nephrotic syndrome (p < 0.001). The values were relatively higher in relapsers. The lipids and lipoprotein(a) levels decreased during a remission but were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than controls. Serum lipids had a negative correlation with serum albumin and lipoprotein(a) had a positive correlation with proteinuria (r = 0.5246, p < 0.01) but no correlation with serum albumin. The elevated lipids and lipoprotein(a) in both the active phase of nephrotic syndrome and during remission suggest a possible predisposition to atherosclerosis in future. © 2012 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.
Structure of active chromatin: Covalent modifications of histories in active and inactive genes of control and hypothyroid rat liver
(Portland Press Ltd, 1997) Kulbhushan Tikoo; Ziledar Ali
Covalent modifications of histones in active and bulk chromatin fractions were studied in liver tissue from control and hypothyroid rats. The levels of acetylation and ubiquitination of histones were similar in the active and bulk chromatin fractions, and were not influenced by hypothyroidism. Histone H2A only was phosphorylated in control active and bulk chromatin fractions. The extent of this phosphorylation did not differ between the two fractions, but hypothyroidism greatly suppressed it, indicating an association with tissue growth. ADP-ribosylation of histones was found to be mainly associated with transcriptional inactivation of the chromatin, while histone methylation was correlated with growth inhibition of the tissue, as observed with hypothyroidism. The validity of these conclusions will, however, depend upon the similarity of the turnover rates of these covalent modifications between active and inactive chromatin and between control and hypothyroid states.
Structure of active chromatin: Higher-order folding of transcriptionally active chromatin in control and hypothyroid rat liver
(Portland Press Ltd, 1997) Kulbhushan Tikoo; Q. Anwar Hamid; Ziledar Ali
Investigations have been carried out into the salt-induced higher order folding in the transcriptionally active chromatin region of rat liver nuclei by nuclease digestion, sedimentation and CD. The sensitivity of active chromatin in nuclei to micrococcal nuclease was suppressed by raising the ionic strength from 25 to 90 mM, indicating the occurrence of salt-induced condensation. The rate of sedimentation of fractionated inactive chromatin fragments of both moderate (~ 3.5 kbp) and large (~ 8.8 kbp) size increased maximally to the same extent, while that of active chromatin fragments was dependent on their trite. The rate of sedimentation of moderately sized active chromatin fragments (~ 5.5 kbp) showed a maximal 15% increase at 90 mM ionic strength. In contrast, a large increase (at least 60%)in the sedimentation rate of large active chromatin fragments (~ 21 kbp) was observed at 65mM ionic strength. A reasonable degree of higher-order folding was observed in large active chromatin fragments even at 25 mM ionic strength. On considering the percentage increase in sedimentation rate as a measure of the higher-order folding of chromatin, a different type of higher-order folding was observed in active chromatin fragments. Although the percentage increase in sedimentation decreased from 40 to 24% with an increase in the size of active chromatin from ~ 3 to ~ 9 kbp, a further increase in size up to 15 kbp brought the percentage increase back to 40%. CD studies agreed with the conclusions drawn from sedimentation studies. Active chromatin from hypothyroid rats showed similar folding behaviour, but the order of folding was slightly lower than for control active chromatin, at all sizes.
Structure of active chromatin: Isolation and characterization of transcriptionally active chromatin from rat liver
(Portland Press Ltd, 1997) Kulbhushan Tikoo; Sunita Gupta; Q. Anwar Hamid; Vanya Shah; Bishwanath Chatterjee; Ziledar Ali
Rat liver nuclei were isolated in low-ionic-strength buffer in the absence of bi- and multi-valent cations. Digestion of these nuclei by endogenous nuclease, micrococcal nuclease and DNase I revealed that a minor chromatin fraction was preferentially digested into poly- and oligo-nucleosomes. Southern blot hybridization with various active gene probes confirmed that these chromatin fragments represent coding and 5' upstream regions of transcriptionally active chromatin. Active chromatin fragments were released selectively into the medium, with inactive chromatin remaining inside the nuclei, under the above ionic conditions. The inclusion of bivalent cations during the digestion of nuclei reversed the solubility behaviour of active chromatin. Rearrangement and exchange of histone H1 between chromatin fragments was prevented by using low-salt conditions in all steps in the absence of bivalent cations. All histones, including H1, were present in stoichiometric amounts in this active chromatin fraction. Active nucleosomes showed a lower electrophoretic mobility than bulk nucleosomes in an acrylamide/agarose composite gel in the absence of Mg2+, but were selectively bound to the gel in the presence of this ion.