Scholarly Publications

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This community showcases the academic contributions of faculty and researchers at Banaras Hindu University (BHU) and provides a year-wise compilation of publications across disciplines. Institutional Repository BHU

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1(3)-Formyl-β-carbolines: Potential Aldo-X Precursors for the Synthesis of β-Carboline-Based Molecular Architectures
(Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2018) Nisha Devi; Sunit Kumar; Satyendra Kumar Pandey; Virender Singh
β-Carboline, a privileged scaffold in the alkaloid family, has a broad spectrum of medicinal properties and is found in several commercial drugs, such as tadalafil, cipargamin, and abecarnil. Owing to the immense pharmacological importance of β-carboline derivatives, their synthesis has been one of the frontier areas of research in recent years. In this context, 1(3)-formyl-9H-β-carbolines are promising “aldo-X” bifunctional building blocks (AXB3s) that offer alternate avenues for the diversity-oriented synthesis of β-carboline derivatives. This Focus Review is an assimilation of recent literature (2011–2017) pertaining to the synthesis and applications of 1(3)-formyl-β-carbolines for the construction of β-carboline-tethered and -fused molecular architectures. In addition, the medicinal potential of β-carboline derivatives has been highlighted. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
2019 Update of Indian National Association for Study of the Liver Consensus on Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India: The Puri II Recommendations
(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Ashish Kumar; Subrat K. Acharya; Shivaram P. Singh; Anil Arora; Radha K. Dhiman; Rakesh Aggarwal; Anil C. Anand; Prashant Bhangui; Yogesh K. Chawla; Siddhartha Datta Gupta; Vinod K. Dixit; Ajay Duseja; Naveen Kalra; Premashish Kar; Suyash S. Kulkarni; Rakesh Kumar; Manoj Kumar; Ram Madhavan; V.G. Mohan Prasad; Amar Mukund; Aabha Nagral; Dipanjan Panda; Shashi B. Paul; Padaki N. Rao; Mohamed Rela; Manoj K. Sahu; Vivek A. Saraswat; Samir R. Shah; Shalimar; Praveen Sharma; Sunil Taneja; Manav Wadhawan
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major causes of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure in patients with chronic liver disease in India. The Indian National Association for Study of the Liver (INASL) had published its first guidelines on diagnosis and management of HCC (The Puri Recommendations) in 2014, and these guidelines were very well received by the healthcare community involved in diagnosis and management of HCC in India and neighboring countries. However, since 2014, many new developments have taken place in the field of HCC diagnosis and management, hence INASL endeavored to update its 2014 consensus guidelines. A new Task Force on HCC was constituted that reviewed the previous guidelines as well as the recent developments in various aspects of HCC that needed to be incorporated in the new guidelines. A 2-day round table discussion was held on 5th and 6th May 2018 at Puri, Odisha, to discuss, debate, and finalize the revised consensus statements. Each statement of the guideline was graded according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation system with minor modifications. We present here the 2019 Update of INASL Consensus on Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India: The Puri-2 Recommendations. © 2019
2D material–based surface plasmon resonance biosensors for applications in different domains: an insight
(Springer, 2024) Prateek Kumar Yadav; Awadhesh Kumar; Satyam Upadhyay; Anil Kumar; Amit Srivastava; Monika Srivastava; S.K. Srivastava
The design of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors has been greatly enhanced in recent years by the advancements in the production and integration of nanostructures, leading to more compact and efficient devices. There have been reports of novel SPR sensors having distinct nanostructures, either as signal amplification tags like gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) or as sensing substrate-like two-dimensional (2D) materials including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), MXene, black phosphorus (BP), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and antimonene. Such 2D-based SPR biosensors offer advantages over conventional sensors due to significant increases in their sensitivity with a good figure of merit and limit of detection (LOD). Due to their atomically thin structure, improved sensitivity, and sophisticated functionalization capabilities, 2D materials can open up new possibilities in the field of healthcare, particularly in point-of-care diagnostics, environmental and food monitoring, homeland security protection, clinical diagnosis and treatment, and flexible or transient bioelectronics. The present study articulates an in-depth analysis of the most recent developments in 2D material–based SPR sensor technology. Moreover, in-depth research of 2D materials, their integration with optoelectronic technology for a new sensing platform, and the predicted and experimental outcomes of various excitation approaches are highlighted, along with the principles of SPR biosensors. Furthermore, the review projects the potential prospects and future trends of these emerging materials-based SPR biosensors to advance in clinical diagnosis, healthcare biochemical, and biological applications. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2024.
6G networks for artificial intelligence-enabled smart cities applications: A scoping review
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Prabhat Ranjan Singh; Vivek Kumar Singh; Rahul Yadav; Sachchida Nand Chaurasia
Due to the increasing need for time with respect to industrial growth and the speeding up of human day-to-day work, network evolution is always the center of focus for research organizations. Artificial intelligence (AI), on the other hand, is playing an increasingly important role in automating systems, increasing efficiency, and ensuring high dependability in complicated activities. Network and AI research are generating a boom in IoT applications, as firms strive to serve their consumers with ever-improving features and functionality. In this article, we look at the evolution of network technology across time as well as the role of AI in the next generation of networks. First, we will introduce the reader to the features of different network generations, technology used in. Second in the context of network evolution and AI, we will define the scope of IoT applications and their need in order to alleviate user demand. Consequently, we provide the requirements of advanced models in smart cities applications and insights on the development of future network for those applications. Our study showed that, though important features were introduced in the advanced automated networks, these are still to be tested under for automated applications that have strict requirements in terms of low latency, high reliability, and fast transmission. © 2023
A benchmark vibrational potential surface: Ground-state benzene
(1991) Lionel Goodman; Ali G. Ozkabak; Surya N. Thakur
The unique symmetry constraints present in benzene, allowing extensive experimental and theoretical analyses, establish ground-state benzene as a benchmark for theoretical and empirical potential surface methods. The empirical harmonic vibrational potential surface generated from frequencies described here accurately simulates the vibrational properties of benzene and its isotopomers (in general within 0.1% in harmonic frequencies, 0.01 units for accurately measured Coriolis constants, 10% in infrared, Raman, and two-photon intensities). Present large-scale ab initio calculations for benzene do not reproduce the empirical force constants with the required 0.01 mdyn/Å for spectroscopic utility. Anharmonic frequency corrections are important in generating the force field. Mode frequencies do not provide a particularly good test of force constant accuracy, but eigenvector-based quantities, such as intensities or vibration-rotation constants, incisively test and distinguish between multiple force constant solutions. © 1991 American Chemical Society.
A Bibliometric Exploration of Sustainability Reporting: Themes, Evolution and Future Direction
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2025) Himanshi Tolani; Jagriti Gupta; Akhil Mishra
The inclusion of non-financial information in corporate reports marks a significant advancement in business communication. It enhances corporate participation and transparency through sustainability reporting in environmental, social, economic and governance aspects. This study adopts a hybrid approach, combining bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review of the most influential works on sustainability reporting from 2015 to 2024. Using the PRISMA protocol, 122 articles from the Scopus database were analysed. Key findings reveal publication patterns, the most cited countries and articles, as well as the most influential affiliations and keywords, which indicate the main drivers of sustainability reporting practices. The study also applies the Theory, Context and Methodology framework by integrating stakeholder, institutional and legitimacy theories to provide a comprehensive understanding of sustainability reporting. The findings show a notable increase in research activity since 2018, with major contributions from Italy, Spain and Australia. Sixty per cent of the studies adopt qualitative research methods and focus on emerging themes such as the alignment of sustainability reporting with financial performance, environmental sustainability, and technological advancements. These studies provide valuable theoretical insights that help lay the foundation for the further development of sustainability reporting. This research offers policymakers, governments and academic partners actionable insights, a framework for addressing research gaps, and strategies for advancing sustainability reporting practices. © 2025 Institute of Public Enterprise
A brief perspective on Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica temminck & schlegel, 1846) an indispensable part of Japanese culture
(National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, 2020) V.K. Yadav; S. Pandey; P. Kaushik
Anguilla japonica, also known as Japanese eel, is an integral part of Japanese culture from centuries. This fish spawns in the Mariana islands, and subsequently the larval stages migrate towards east Asia. Whereas, the sexually maturing eels return back to the spawning grounds in the ocean. Being commercially vital, the glass eels are intensively captured to be used in aquaculture systems along east Asia. This practice along with the climate change contributes to a significant decline in the Japanese eel population. Further, to counteract the increasing demand of Japanese eel in domestic market, their mass production through aquaculture systems require a higher amount of innovation in terms of their feeding and rearing technology. Here we have summed up all the important information about the Japanese eel based on the thorough survey of already published literature. Overall, this review will be useful for a better understanding of the currently available information pertaining to the species. © 2020 National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved.
A Brief Review on Cerium Oxide (CeO2NPs)-Based Scaffolds: Recent Advances in Wound Healing Applications
(MDPI, 2023) Ishita Allu; Ajay Kumar Sahi; Pooja Kumari; Karunya Sakhile; Alina Sionkowska; Shravanya Gundu
The process of wound healing is complex and involves the interaction of multiple cells, each with a distinct role in the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases. Chronic, nonhealing wounds may result from reduced fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, and cellular immunity, often associated with diabetes, hypertension, vascular deficits, immunological inadequacies, and chronic renal disease. Various strategies and methodologies have been explored to develop nanomaterials for wound-healing treatment. Several nanoparticles such as gold, silver, cerium oxide and zinc possess antibacterial properties, stability, and a high surface area that promotes efficient wound healing. In this review article, we investigate the effectiveness of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) in wound healing—particularly the effects of reducing inflammation, enhancing hemostasis and proliferation, and scavenging reactive oxygen species. The mechanism enables CeO2NPs to reduce inflammation, modulate the immunological system, and promote angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. In addition, we investigate the efficacy of cerium oxide-based scaffolds in various wound-healing applications for creating a favorable wound-healing environment. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative characteristics, enabling them to be ideal wound healing material. Investigations have shown that CeO2NPs can stimulate wound closure, tissue regeneration, and scar reduction. CeO2NPs may also reduce bacterial infections and boost wound-site immunity. However, additional study is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of CeO2NPs in wound healing and their long-term impacts on human health and the environment. The review reveals that CeO2NPs have promising wound-healing properties, but further study is needed to understand their mechanisms of action and ensure their safety and efficacy. © 2023 by the authors.
A comparative analysis of mycobacterial ribonucleases: Towards a therapeutic novel drug target
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Lav Kumar Jaiswal; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Tanmayee Nayak; Anuja Kakkar; Garima Kandwal; Vijay Shankar Singh; Ankush Gupta
Bacterial responses to continuously changing environments are addressed through modulation of gene expression at the level of transcription initiation, RNA processing and/or decay. Ribonucleases (RNases) are hydrolytic or phosphorolytic enzymes involved in a majority of RNA metabolism reactions. RNases play a crucial role in RNA degradation, either independently or in collaboration with various trans-acting regulatory factors. The genus Mycobacterium consists of five subgenera: Mycobacteroides, Mycolicibacterium, Mycobacterium, Mycolicibacter and Mycolicibacillus, which include 63 fully sequenced species (pathogenic/non-pathogenic) to date. These include 13 different RNases, among which 5 are exonucleases (RNase PH, PNPase, RNase D, nano-RNases and RNase AS) and 8 are endonucleases (RNase J, RNase H, RNase P, RNase III, RNase BN, RNase Z, RNase G and RNase E), although RNase J and RNase BN were later identified to have exoribonuclease functions also. Here, we provide a detailed comparative insight into the Escherichia coli and mycobacterial RNases with respect to their types, phylogeny, structure, function, regulation and mechanism of action, with the main emphasis on RNase E. Among these 13 different mycobacterial RNases, 10 are essential for cell survival and have diverse structures hence, they are promising drug targets. RNase E is also an essential endonuclease that is abundant in many bacteria, forms an RNA degradosome complex that controls central RNA processing/degradation and has a conserved 5′ sensor domain/DNase-I like region in its RNase domain. The essential mycobacterial RNases especially RNase E provide a potential repertoire of drug targets that can be exploited for inhibitor/modulator screening against many deadly mycobacterial diseases. © 2024 The Authors
A comparative study of a class of direct estimators for domain mean with a direct ratio estimator for domain mean using auxiliary character
(Glowny Urzad Statystyczny, 2021) Brij Behari Khare; Ashutosh; Piyush Kant Rai
Estimation techniques for a domain parameter play a very significant role in the theory of sample surveys. In the recent years many advanced methodologies have been developed for domain estimation. In particular, direct and synthetic estimators are applied for the estimation of domain mean in the government and private sectors under certain assumptions as to the size of the samples relating to particular domains. The findings demonstrate that the direct estimator fails to perform more efficiently as compared to the synthetic estimator when reliable units are not directly accessible in the studied domains. Moreover, due to the fact that small units belong to the sample of the studied domain, the direct estimator produces an unacceptably large standard error. In contrast, if a sufficient number of units are available in the studied domain, the direct estimator produces effective results. This paper presents the theoretical aspects of the proposed class of direct estimators for domain mean with the use of a single auxiliary character, compared with an existing direct ratio estimator for domain mean (given in section 3.2). In addition, an empirical study has been provided to support the validity of the proposed estimators. The findings prove that the proposed estimators outperform the direct ratio estimator for domain mean using a single auxiliary character in the case of two studied populations and their analysed domains considered from Sarndal et al. (1992). © 2021 Glowny Urzad Statystyczny. All rights reserved.
A comparative study of energy and pitch angle diffusion during cyclotron resonance
(1996) U.P. Singh; D.P. Singh
Adopting linear and non-linear theories of wave-particle interaction, the relative importance of pitch angle diffusion over particle energy diffusion is examined for different ELF/VLF waves at different equatorial and off-equatorial locations for L values lying between 2 and 8. The result shows that the pitch angle diffusion is important in the plasmasphere where σ≤0.5, and the energy diffusion is important outside the plasmasphere where σ=0.6-0.8 (here σ=f/fH, f being the wave frequency and fH, the electron gyrofrequency). As such, the result indicates the dominance of wavegrowth over particle precipitation outside the plasmasphere and is useful for interpretation of high latitude and polar emissions.
A Comparative Study on Calibration Approach Based Estimators for Domain Estimation Utilizing Power Function: Revisited
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Ashutosh; Piyush Kant Rai; Ajeet Kumar Singh
The calibration approach based estimators of the domain mean have growing demand during past couple of decades. Estimation of domains is another challenging task for surveyors and several efforts have been made to produce the reliable estimators for this purpose. Prominently the power function based estimators in the sample surveys are having dual advantages for the selection and their application to produce an improved estimation at any stage in the terms of efficiency without much complexity. In the domain estimation utilization of the power function in the development of calibration based estimators are also very promising and provide considerable results. A simulation study has examined for the comparison of several calibration estimators along with the proposed estimator in terms of the absolute relative bias and simulated relative standard error. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
A Comparison Between Intravesical Gemcitabine Plus Docetaxel and Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in the Treatment of Nonmuscle Invasive Naive Urinary Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Oncological Outcomes
(Elsevier Inc., 2025) Rachana Tripathy; Lalit Kumar; Sakshi Agarwal; Anuja Thakur; Mahesh R. Khairnar; Sameer Trivedi; Satya Narayan Sankhwar
This study evaluated the efficacy, recurrence rates, and safety of intravesical gemcitabine plus docetaxel compared to standard Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy for treating naïve non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), with a focus on reducing recurrence and progression concerns associated with transurethral resection (TURBT). A systematic review and meta-analysis of three original studies were conducted, assessing recurrence rates and safety profiles. The meta-analysis revealed no heterogeneity in recurrence rates between the gemcitabine plus docetaxel and BCG groups, with an overall Odds Ratio for recurrence of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.36–1.47). Although the clinical recurrence rate was slightly lower in the gemcitabine plus docetaxel group, the difference was not statistically significant (Z = 0.89, P = 0.37). The gemcitabine plus docetaxel group experienced fewer severe side effects compared to the BCG group. Due to the limited number of studies available, further randomized trials are necessary to confirm the role of intravesical gemcitabine plus docetaxel in NMIBC management. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.
A comparison of North American and Asian exposure-response data for ozone effects on crop yields
(2009) L.D. Emberson; P. Büker; M.R. Ashmore; G. Mills; L.S. Jackson; M. Agrawal; M.D. Atikuzzaman; S. Cinderby; M. Engardt; C. Jamir; K. Kobayashi; N.T.K. Oanh; Q.F. Quadir; A. Wahid
Modelling-based studies to assess the extent and magnitude of ozone (O3) risk to agriculture in Asia suggest that yield losses of 5-20% for important crops may be common in areas experiencing elevated O3 concentrations. These assessments have relied on European and North American dose-response relationships and hence assumed an equivalent Asian crop response to O3 for local cultivars, pollutant conditions and climate. To test this assumption we collated comparable dose-response data derived from fumigation, filtration and EDU experiments conducted in Asia on wheat, rice and leguminous crop species. These data are pooled and compared with equivalent North American dose-response relationships. The Asian data show that at ambient O3 concentrations found at the study sites (which vary between ∼35-75 ppb 4-8 h growing season mean), yield losses for wheat, rice and legumes range between 5-48, 3-47 and 10-65%, respectively. The results indicate that Asian grown wheat and rice cultivars are more sensitive to O3 than the North American dose-response relationships would suggest. For legumes the scatter in the data makes it difficult to reach any equivalent conclusion in relative sensitivities. As such, existing modelling-based risk assessments may have substantially underestimated the scale of the problem in Asia through use of North American derived dose-response relationships. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Indian Legal Documents Summarization Techniques
(Springer, 2023) Saloni Sharma; Surabhi Srivastava; Pradeepika Verma; Anshul Verma; Sachchida Nand Chaurasia
In the Legal AI field, the summarization of legal documents is very challenging. Since the Indian case documents are much noisier and poorly organized, the summarization of legal documents can be useful for legal professionals, who often have to read and analyze large amounts of legal text. During the review process of the legal documents, a team of reviewers may be needed to understand and for taking further actions. A branch of text summarization called ‘legal text summarization’ which is concerned with summarizing legal texts, such as court opinions, contracts, and legal briefs may reduce the need of these reviewers. Legal text summarization aims to highlight the key points of a legal document and convey them in a concise form so that decisions can be made in quick manner. In this paper, we experimented on seven machine learning-based summarization models to analyse their performance on judgment report datasets that has been collected from Indian national legal portal. The models that are taken here for the analysis are BART, LexRank, TextRank, Luhn, LSA, Legal Pegasus, and Longformer. We experimented with these models to find which model may perform well on the legal data. As a result, we observed that Legal Pegasus outperforms over all other models in the case legal summarization. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
A comprehensive and critical narrative review on movement disorders linked through dengue virus based infection
(Springer-Verlag Italia s.r.l., 2025) Niraj Kumar Srivastava; Nikhil Pandey; Janki Makani; Ibrahim Hussain; Neetu Rani Dhiman; Anand Kumar; Deepika Srivastava Joshi
Background: Dengue virus (DENV) has emerged as a significant cause of neurological complications, including movement disorders, which fall under the broader category of neurological manifestations associated with DENV infection. These disorders can have serious implications for patient’s quality of life, especially in tropical and subtropical regions where dengue is endemic. The neurological complications of DENV, while less commonly recognized when compared to its classical features (like fever, haemorrhagic manifestations, or shock), are increasingly being reported thus warranting an exhaustive exploration. Methods: We undertook a comprehensive and critical review to investigate the emerging link between movement disorders and DENV infections. An in depth and broad range search was performed across leading scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Google Scholar). We collected and analyzed a wide spectrum of relevant studies and case reports. This detailed methodology ensured a systematic and authoritative exploration of the neurological consequences associated with DENV, creating the foundation for deeper clinical insight and future research. Results: The analysis encompassed 80 studies on movement disorders linked to DENV infections. These studies were thoroughly reviewed and critically evaluated, with the findings presented in an inclusive and investigative manner. Conclusion: This narrative review provides a comprehensive analysis of movement disorders linked to DENV infections, enveloping their epidemiology, clinical features, neuropathogenesis, current therapeutic strategies, and outlining extensive directions for future research. © Fondazione Società Italiana di Neurologia 2025.
A comprehensive expedition of tauopathies in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE): a narrative review
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Nikhil Pandey; Niraj Kumar Srivastava; Anand Kumar; Ibrahim Hussain; Deepika Joshi
Introduction: Tauopathies are a class of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the abnormal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in the brain. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) caused by a latent aberrant measles virus infection, is characterized by extensive inflammation and neuronal impairment. A prominent pathological hallmark of SSPE described recently is the accumulation of abnormal tau protein possibly resulting from diffuse brain inflammation triggered by measles virus infection. Short summary: Understanding the role of tau pathophysiology in SSPE is crucial for improving the diagnosis and management of this debilitating condition. Current research suggests that persistent measles virus infection in the brain leads to chronic inflammation, which in turn triggers abnormal tau phosphorylation and accumulation. Further elucidating the precise mechanisms linking measles virus infection, neuro-inflammation, and tauopathy in SSPE is essential for developing targeted therapies. Conclusion: This narrative review provides valuable insights for both researchers and clinicians in understanding the pathological mechanisms underlying SSPE which is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. These might include antiviral drugs to combat persistent infection, anti-inflammatory agents to reduce neuro-inflammation, or even treatments targeting tau pathology directly. Collaborative efforts among researchers, clinicians, and public health authorities are crucial for advancing our understanding of SSPE to combat this devastating disorder. © The Author(s) 2024.
A Comprehensive Review of Novel Emerging Electrolytes for Supercapacitors: Aqueous and Organic Electrolytes Versus Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes
(American Chemical Society, 2024) Moumita Saha; Ambrish Kumar; Rahul Kanaoujiya; Kamalakanta Behera; Shruti Trivedi
Storage of energy is essential to meet the daily demand for powering portable devices. This necessitates the development of storage systems such as supercapacitors (SCs), batteries, and solar cells. SCs have garnered a lot of attention for their ability to provide a massive amount of power. Nevertheless, traditional mechanisms fall short of our expectations. Ionic liquids (ILs), the evolutionary green designer solvents, are efficient enough to substitute for conventional electrolytes such as aqueous or organic electrolytes in SCs. A limited potential window of aqueous electrolytes restricts the performance of high energy electrodes. In contrast, organic electrolytes with high volatility, flammability, and lack of tunability are not suitable for long-term and robust applications. Beneficial properties of ILs such as negligible volatility, high thermal, chemical, and electrochemical stability have overcome many restrictions in SCs and improved their overall performances. ILs can be used as standalone electrolyte or can be mixed with organic electrolytes, redox elements, and polymers to obtain electrolytes for SCs. The structure of anions and cations has been found to significantly influence overall electrochemical performances. ILs benefit SCs with a wider working voltage, temperature range, and better energy density. ILs have been utilized not only as electrolytes but also in the synthesis of electrode materials. Consequently, it is essential to discuss recent findings and the function of ILs in achieving higher-performing SCs. This review mainly highlights the most recent findings on the use of ILs-based electrolytes and electrodes in supercapacitors. © 2024 American Chemical Society
A comprehensive review of the composition, applications, and functional properties of batter mixtures
(Springer, 2025) Candis S. Bango; Praveen Kumar Dubey; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Atul Anand Mishra; Rama Nath Shukla
Batter mixtures represent dynamic food systems with transformative effects on texture, flavour, and nutritional value across various applications, including fried foods and baked products. This review uniquely integrates a detailed classification of batter types—fermented, unfermented, hybrid, coating, and regional variations—along with their functional engineering properties, process techniques, and nutritional enhancements. It offers a scope not addressed in previous works. This evaluation of batters examines their components, operational traits, and broad uses in foods while discussing essential processing methods, including fermentation techniques, mixing procedures, and grain preparations. Hydrocolloids, particularly xanthan gum, play multiple roles in viscosity enhancement, stability maintenance, and nutrition implementation, whereas batters serve as platforms for bioactive compound delivery. This review demonstrates how process engineering techniques seek to refine particle dimensions and hydration levels, which leads to improved textural characteristics while extending the duration of food preservation. Although batters are commonly used in functional food applications, a knowledge gap remains regarding formula development. The novelty of this work lies in its holistic synthesis of technological, nutritional, and sustainability perspectives, linking food science with culinary practice to position batter mixtures as versatile platforms for healthier, culturally relevant, and environmentally sustainable products. This overview connects existing industry knowledge and combines scientific principles with culinary creativity, allowing batter mixtures to serve as the basis for creating healthier, sustainable food products. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.
A comprehensive review on CFD simulations of left ventricle hemodynamics: numerical methods, experimental validation techniques, and emerging trends
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Priyanshu Soni; Sumit Kumar; B. V. Rathish Kumar; Sanjay Kumar Rai; Ashish Verma; Om Shankar
Globally, high death rates due to heart failure are an essential topic in medical research. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of cardiac dysfunction and collapse, with high mortality and morbidity rates. Early diagnosis and prognosis of CVD will reduce the risk of cardiovascular conditions. It is essential to develop various tools that provide accurate, real-time insight into the heart's physiology, functionality, and cardiac events. Due to the dispersed nature of the information and the reported results, a comprehensive literature review is required because there is a shortage of data about the hemodynamics analysis of blood flow in the ventricular region. Therefore, reviewing the status of hemodynamics analysis of ventricle blood flow is the prime importance of this review article. This article reviews the numerous investigations conducted over the past 15 years to simulate ventricular blood flow using experimental and computational techniques on patient-specific models or idealized models with or without specific medical conditions. This article discusses the fundamentals of hemodynamic analysis, such as the geometry types of a particular cardiac phase, medical conditions, and medical imaging methods. Recent developments in hemodynamic analysis, such as AI, HPC, and digital twins, were also mentioned in this comprehensive review study. This review article concluded that improvements in medical image processing and data acquisition techniques are needed to obtain accurate information regarding the functioning of the heart. Our review of previous studies shows that blood flow simulation is developing into a proper medical tool for instant heart function diagnosis. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 2024.