Scholarly Publications
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This community showcases the academic contributions of faculty and researchers at Banaras Hindu University (BHU) and provides a year-wise compilation of publications across disciplines. Institutional Repository BHU
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PublicationArticle Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the frequency, clinical spectrum and outcomes of pediatric guillain-Barré syndrome in India: A multicentric ambispective cohort study(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Divyani Garg; Rajinder K. Dhamija; Aditya Choudhary; Ritu Shree; Sujit Kumar; Priyanka Samal; Abhishek Pathak; Pamidimukkala Vijaya; Yareeda Sireesha; Sruthi S. Nair; Sanjay Sharma; Soaham Desai; Human P. Sinha; Ayush Agarwal; Ashish Upadhyay; M. V. Padma Srivastava; Rohit Bhatia; Awadh K. Pandit; Rajesh K. Singh; Alisha Reyaz; P.M. Yogeesh; Manish Salunkhe; Vivek Lal; Manish Modi; Gagandeep Singh; Monika Singla; Samhita Panda; Maya Gopalakrishnan; Inder Puri; Sudhir Sharma; Bismay Kumar; Prashant K. Kushwaha; Harshadkumar Chovatiya; Teresa Ferreira; Sanjeev K. Bhoi; Manish Bhartiya; Subhash Kaul; Anuja Patil; Neeharika L. Mathukumalli; Madhu Nagappa; P. Praveen Sharma; Aneesh Basheer; Dileep Ramachandran; Neetha Balaram; Jospeh Sebastian; Venugopalan Y. VishnuObjective: To study impact of COVID-19 pandemic on frequency, clinical/electrophysiological profile and treatment outcomes in pediatric Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Background: GBS is the most frequent cause of pediatric acute flaccid paralysis. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric GBS is unclear in the literature. Methods: We conducted an ambispective, multicentric, cohort study involving 12 of 27 centres in GBS Consortium, during two periods: pre-COVID-19 (March-August 2019) and during COVID-19 (March-August 2020). Children ≤12 years who satisfied National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke criteria for GBS/variants were enrolled. Details pertaining to clinical/laboratory parameters, treatment and outcomes (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge, GBS Disability score at discharge and 3 months) were analysed. Results: We enrolled 33 children in 2019 and 10 in 2020. Children in 2020 were older (median 10.4 [interquartile range 6.75-11.25] years versus 5 (2.5-8.4) years; P = 0.022) and had more sensory symptoms (50% versus 18.2%; P = 0.043). The 2020 group had relatively favourable mRS at discharge (median 1 (1-3.5) versus 3 (2-4); P = 0.042) and GBS disability score at 3 months (median 0 (0-0.75) versus 2 (0-3); P = 0.009) compared to 2019. Multivariate analysis revealed bowel involvement (P = 0.000) and ventilatory support (P = 0.001) as independent predictors of disability. No child in 2020 had preceding/concurrent SARS-CoV2 infection. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic led to a marked decline in pediatric GBS presenting to hospitals. Antecedent illnesses, clinical and electrophysiological profile of GBS remained largely unchanged from the pre-pandemic era. © 2021 Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology.PublicationArticle 'Oxygen Pheriwala:' An innovative model for SARS-CoV-2 screening in resource-limited settings(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Vijaya Nath Mishra; Varun Kumar Singh; Abhishek Pathak; Nidhi Kumari; Anand Kumar; Rameshwar Nath ChaurasiaThe second wave of SARS-CoV-2 infection came as a hypoxic emergency and situation became worse in rural India, where undiagnosed COVID-19 patients died without any diagnosis or intervention. The primary aim of this innovative model was the early diagnosis of suspected SARS-CoV-2 cases, providing empirical treatment and timely referral to appropriate COVID care facilities. Fever was measured with infrared thermometer and oxygen saturation level with pulse oximeter. A total of 8203 people were screened, of which 274 persons were febrile and 69 (25%) were hypoxic too. Sixty-four out of 69 (93%) patients turned COVID-19 positive on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. At the end of 3 weeks, 48/64 (75%) patients were successfully discharged. This model can be easily implemented in resource-limited regions to identify and prioritize the patients not only in this pandemic but also in outbreak of other communicable diseases. © 2022 Medknow. All right reserved.PublicationReview Neuropathic Pain Associated with COVID-19: a Systematic Review of Case Reports(Springer, 2022) Deepika Joshi; Vyom Gyanpuri; Abhishek Pathak; Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia; Vijay Nath Mishra; Anand Kumar; Varun Kumar Singh; Neetu Rani DhimanPurpose of Review: Researchers suggests that patients with COVID-19 develop neuropathic pain within weeks or months following infection and that patients with neuropathic pain and COVID-19 sometimes present with deterioration of neurologic complications and pain exacerbation. The objective of this systematic review is to discuss the case-reports having neuropathic pain during and after COVID-19 infection. Recent Findings: Case reports that has described about patients getting neuropathy or neuropathic pain around the disease either immediately or late post COVID were included. The data was extracted and qualitatively synthesised. Literature was searched and 939 articles were found. 12 articles were screened as per the eligibility criteria and finally, 6 case reports on neuropathic pain in Covid-19 were selected from the database and manual search and finalised for analysis. 2 cases of herpes zoster and post herpetic neuralgia, 2 cases of intense burning pain, 1 case of trigeminal neuralgia and 1 of brachial plexopathy included for the review. Summary: Covid 19 viral neurogenic invasion is something very newly discovered topic of discussion in the field of research. With the passage of time, more cases will emerge and more data will be available for research. The review is registered in Prospero with no. CRD42021257060. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.PublicationArticle A questionnaire-based survey of acceptability and satisfaction of virtual neurology clinic during COVID-19 lockdown: a preliminary study(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Anand Kumar; Neha Lall; Abhishek Pathak; Deepika Joshi; Vijaya Nath Mishra; Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia; Varun Kumar SinghIntroduction: Telemedicine during this pandemic acts as a lifeline for many non-COVID patients especially with chronic neurological diseases. The aim of present study was to evaluate cost effectiveness and level of satisfaction amongst patients from teleneurology outpatient department (OPD). Methods: An online cross-sectional survey, having questions both in Hindi and English was conducted via telemedicine facility at Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Demographic variables, illness details, travel distance and time taken, travel expenditure, level of satisfaction and preferred choice among tele OPD versus in-person OPD once pandemic ends were recorded. Results: Total 1388 patients filled the online COVID-19 teleneurology survey google form. Mean age was 39.21 ± 16.72 years. Majority (N = 824, 59%) were males. Six hundred (43%) patients’ educational qualification were ≤ 10th standard. Majority of patients (N = 840, 60.5%) belonged to the rural background. Headache (N = 424, 30.5%) followed by backache (N = 220, 16%), stroke (N = 176, 13%) and seizure (N = 148, 11%) were the common illnesses. Travel time of > 5 hours was saved in 496 (36%) patients and travel expenditure of > Rs100 in 796 (57%) patients. About 96% (N = 1332) felt satisfied with the treatment advice via teleconsultation. Discussion: Teleneurology facility is not only feasible but also affordable and acceptable in various neurological conditions. The chief reasons being no waiting time, saving of travelling time and travel expenditure with good satisfaction. © 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Belgian Neurological Society.PublicationArticle Impact of COVID-19 on Guillain-Barre Syndrome in India: A Multicenter Ambispective Cohort Study(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Yareeda Sireesha; Ritu Shree; Madhu Nagappa; Anuja Patil; Monika Singla; M.V. Padma Srivastava; R.K. Dhamija; Neetha Balaram; Abhishek Pathak; Dileep Ramachandran; Sujit Kumar; Inder Puri; Sudhir Sharma; Samhita Panda; Soaham Desai; Priyanka Samal; Aditya Choudhary; Pamidimukkala Vijaya; Teresa Ferreira; S.S. Nair; H.P. Sinha; S.K. Bhoi; Joseph Sebastian; Sanjay Sharma; Aneesh Basheer; Manish Bhartiya; N.L. Mathukumalli; Shaikh Afshan Jabeen; Vivek Lal; Manish Modi; Praveen Sharma P; Subash Kaul; Gagandeep Singh; Ayush Agarwal; Divyani Garg; James Jose; Priya Dev; Thomas Iype; Maya Gopalakrishnan; Ashish Upadhyay; Rohit Bhatia; Awadh K. Pandit; Rajesh K. Singh; Manish Salunkhe; P.M. Yogeesh; Alisha Reyaz; Nishant Nadda; Menkha Jha; Bismay Kumar; P.K. Kushwaha; Harshadkumar Chovatiya; Bhavani Madduluri; P. Ramesh; Abeer Goel; Rahul Yadav; Venugopalan Y. VishnuIntroduction/Aims: Studies conducted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have reported varied data regarding the incidence of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). The present study investigated demographic and clinical features, management, and outcomes of patients with GBS during a specified period of the COVID-19 pandemic, and compared these features to those of GBS in the previous year. Methods: A multicenter, ambispective cohort study including 26 centers across India was conducted. Data from a pre-COVID-19 period (March 1 to August 31, 2019) were collected retrospectively and collected ambispectively for a specified COVID-19 period (March 1 to August 31, 2020). The study was registered with the Clinical Trial Registry India (CTRI/2020/11/029143). Results: Data from 555 patients were included for analysis: pre-COVID-19 (n = 334) and COVID-19 (n = 221). Males were more commonly affected during both periods (male:female, 2:1). Gastroenteritis was the most frequent antecedent event in 2019 (17.4%), whereas fever was the most common event in 2020 (10.7%). Paraparesis (21.3% versus [vs.] 9.3%, P = 0.001) and sensory involvement (51.1% vs. 41.3%; P = 0.023) were more common during COVID-19 in 2020, whereas back pain (26.3% vs. 18.4%; P = 0.032) and bowel symptoms (20.7% vs. 13.7%; P = 0.024) were more frequent in the pre-COVID period. There was no difference in clinical outcomes between the two groups in terms of GBS disability score at discharge and 3 months after discharge. Independent predictors of disability in the pre-COVID period included areflexia/hyporeflexia, the requirementfor intubation, and time to bulbar weakness; in the COVID-19 period, independent predictors included time from onset to admission, intubation, and intubation requirement. The mortality rate was 2.3% during the entire study period (13/555 cases). Discussion: Results of this study revealed an overall reduction in the frequency of GBS during the pandemic. The lockdown likely reduced the risk for antecedent infections due to social distancing and improved hygiene, which may have resulted in the reduction of the frequency of GBS. © 2022 Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology.PublicationArticle Observations in a Virtual Telephone and WhatsApp Video-Enabled Neurology Clinic during Lockdown in Varanasi, India - A Preliminary Report(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2021) Vijaya Nath Mishra; Abhishek Pathak; Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia; Anand Kumar; Deepika Joshi; Varun Kumar SinghBackground: Globally, social distancing has been practiced during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to prevent the transmission of the virus. One of the measures to ensure social distancing and restricting the movements has been national lockdown, to break the chain of transmission. Telemedicine is a cost-effective measure to provide medical services to remote underserved areas. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of teleconsultation as an alternative option to in-person consultation in providing continued medical care for neurology patients during the national lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The clinical demographic profile, frequency of different neurological disorders, and treatment details of the patients attending the teleneurology consultation (TNCO) outpatient department (OPD) at Sir Sunderlal Hospital (S.S.H.), Institute of Medical Sciences (I.M.S.), BHU, Varanasi, India, were recorded in a prespecified pro forma. Results: A total of 1,567 patients attended the TNCO OPD over 90 days. The average patient attendance was 35 per day, and 72% were males. Out of these, 77% of patients were from the same district, and the majority of patients (68%) were regularly followed up in-person by the neurology OPD. The most common illness for consultation was epilepsy (19%) followed by low backache and stroke (18% each). The satisfaction rate among the patients with respect to teleservices was high (90%). Conclusion: TNCO seems to be as effective as in-person OPD in the management of neurological disorders. During the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, avoiding physical visits through TNCO may reduce the spread of the virus. Parallel tele-OPD with routine OPD is a good option in the future. © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.PublicationArticle Genetic Association of ACE2 rs2285666 Polymorphism With COVID-19 Spatial Distribution in India(Frontiers Media S.A., 2020) Anshika Srivastava; Audditiya Bandopadhyay; Debashurti Das; Rudra Kumar Pandey; Vanya Singh; Nargis Khanam; Nikhil Srivastava; Prajjval Pratap Singh; Pavan Kumar Dubey; Abhishek Pathak; Pranav Gupta; Niraj Rai; Gazi Nurun Nahar Sultana; Gyaneshwer ChaubeyStudies on host-pathogen interaction have identified human ACE2 as a host cell receptor responsible for mediating infection by coronavirus (COVID-19). Subsequent studies have shown striking difference of allele frequency among Europeans and Asians for a polymorphism rs2285666, present in ACE2. It has been revealed that the alternate allele (TT-plus strand or AA-minus strand) of rs2285666 elevate the expression level of this gene upto 50%, hence may play a significant role in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility. Therefore, we have first looked the phylogenetic structure of rs2285666 derived haplotypes in worldwide populations and compared the spatial frequency of this particular allele with respect to the COVID-19 infection as well as case-fatality rate in India. For the first time, we ascertained a significant positive correlation for alternate allele (T or A) of rs2285666, with the lower infection as well as case-fatality rate among Indian populations. We trust that this information will be useful to understand the role of ACE2 in COVID-19 susceptibility. © Copyright © 2020 Srivastava, Bandopadhyay, Das, Pandey, Singh, Khanam, Srivastava, Singh, Dubey, Pathak, Gupta, Rai, Sultana and Chaubey.