Scholarly Publications
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This community showcases the academic contributions of faculty and researchers at Banaras Hindu University (BHU) and provides a year-wise compilation of publications across disciplines. Institutional Repository BHU
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PublicationArticle Silicon and nitric oxide-mediated mechanisms of cadmium toxicity alleviation in wheat seedlings(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Swati Singh; Sheo Mohan Prasad; Shivesh Sharma; Nawal Kishore Dubey; Naleeni Ramawat; Rajendra Prasad; Vijay Pratap Singh; Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; Devendra Kumar ChauhanThe individual impact of silicon (Si) and nitric oxide (NO, as sodium nitroprusside) on metal toxicity in various plant species has been well documented; however, their combined action in the regulation of metal stress has never been tested yet. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of the combined application of Si and NO in the mitigation of Cd toxicity in wheat seedlings. Seedlings grown on Cd has a significantly declined growth due to an increased accumulation of Cd and oxidative stress markers (due to downregulation of antioxidant defense system particularly ascorbate-glutathione cycle) and a decreased accumulation of NO and Si. Additionally, the altered leaf and root structures resulted into a declined photosynthetic efficiency. However, the addition of Si and NO alone as well as combined significantly alleviated Cd toxicity in wheat seedlings by lowering the accumulation of Cd and oxidative stress markers and improving leaf and root structures, which are collectively responsible for a better photosynthetic rate under Cd toxicity, and hence an improved growth was noticed. Particularly, the application of Si and NO in combination lowered the oxidative stress markers via upregulating the antioxidant defense system (particularly AsA-GSH cycle) suggesting the increased efficacy of Si + NO against the Cd toxicity in wheat seedlings as compared to their alone treatments. © 2022 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.PublicationArticle Silicon nanoforms in crop improvement and stress management(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Priyanka Dhakate; Nidhi Kandhol; Gaurav Raturi; Priyanka Ray; Anupriya Bhardwaj; Aakriti Srivastava; Laveena Kaushal; Akanksha Singh; Sangeeta Pandey; Devendra Kumar Chauhan; Nawal Kishore Dubey; Shivesh Sharma; Vijay Pratap Singh; Shivendra Sahi; Renato Grillo; Jose Peralta-Videa; Rupesh Deshmukh; Durgesh Kumar TripathiAlthough, silicon – the second most abundant element in the earth crust could not supersede carbon (C) in the competition of being the building block of life during evolution, yet its presence has been reported in some life forms. In case of the plants, silicon has been reported widely to promote the plant growth under normal as well as stressful situations. Nanoform of silicon is now being explored for its potential to improve plant productivity and its tolerance against various stresses. Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) in the form of nanofertilizers, nanoherbicides, nanopesticides, nanosensors and targeted delivery systems, find great utilization in the field of agriculture. However, the mechanisms underlying their uptake by plants need to be deciphered in detail. Silicon nanoformss are reported to enhance plant growth, majorly by improving photosynthesis rate, elevating nutrient uptake and mitigating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress. Various studies have reported their ability to provide tolerance against a range of stresses by upregulating plant defense responses. Moreover, they are proclaimed not to have any detrimental impacts on environment yet. This review includes the up-to-date information in context of the eminent role of silicon nanoforms in crop improvement and stress management, supplemented with suggestions for future research in this field. © 2022 Elsevier LtdPublicationArticle Regulation of ascorbate-glutathione cycle by exogenous nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide in soybean roots under arsenate stress(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Samiksha Singh; Tajammul Husain; Bishwajit Kumar Kushwaha; Mohd. Suhel; Abreeq Fatima; Vipul Mishra; Sani Kumar Singh; Javaid Akhtar Bhatt; Meena Rai; Sheo Mohan Prasad; Nawal Kishore Dubey; Devendra Kumar Chauhan; Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; Vasileios Fotopoulos; Vijay Pratap SinghThe role of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is well known for regulating plant abiotic stress responses. However, underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the involvement of NO and H2O2 signalling in the regulation of arsenate toxicity (AsV) in soybean roots employing a pharmacological approach. Results show that AsV toxicity declined root length and biomass due to greater As accumulation in the cell wall and cellular organelles. Arsenate induced cell death due to enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species, lipid and protein oxidation and down-regulation in ascorbate-glutathione cycle and redox states of ascorbate and glutathione. These results correlate with lower endogenous level of NO. Interestingly, addition of L-NAME increased AsV toxicity. However, addition of SNP reverses effect of L-NAME, suggesting that endogenous NO has a role in mitigating AsV toxicity. Exogenous H2O2 also demonstrated capability of alleviating AsV stress, while NAC reversed the protective effect of H2O2. Furthermore, DPI application further increased AsV toxicity, suggesting that endogenous H2O2 is also implicated in mitigating AsV stress. SNP was not able to mitigate AsV toxicity in the presence of DPI, suggesting that H2O2 might have acted downstream of NO in accomplishing amelioration of AsV toxicity. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.PublicationBook Chapter Heavy metal stress and plant life: Uptake mechanisms, toxicity, and alleviation(Elsevier, 2020) Swati Singh; Vaishali Yadav; Namira Arif; Vijay Pratap Singh; Nawal Kishore Dubey; Naleeni Ramawat; Rajendra Prasad; Shivendra Sahi; Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; Devendra Kumar ChauhanHeavy metal (HM) pollution in environment occurs due to their release from natural resources, such as rocks, ore minerals, volcanoes, weathering, and various anthropogenic activities like urban advancement, electricity generation, mining, and refinery industries. HMs are transition metals, which possess atomic mass more than 0.002kg, weight about 5N/m3, and density greater than 5g/cm3. These metals are categorized as essential, such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), and nonessential metals. Essential HMs play vital regulatory roles in several cellular reactions, including electron transfer, in enzyme activation, in redox reaction, as well as in the synthesis of pigments, whereas nonessential metals, such as chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), silver (Ag), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As), have no role in any biological reaction, thus cause toxic impacts even at low concentrations by competing with crucial elements at protein-binding sites. Although when the amount of these metals increases beyond the optimum point, they cause toxicity in plants, by decreasing growth, causing soil quality deterioration and by affecting the yield. Toxicity of HMs depends on the concentration, reactivity, as well as on their oxidation capacity. Crops are more susceptible to these HMs, as they transport HMs to organisms through the food chain. HM-stressed plant shows alteration in cellular mechanisms and gene regulation. These HMs generate free radicals in cells, which further cause toxicity in plants. Nonessential metals deliberate various physiological reactions, through the alteration in biomolecules and in regulatory proteins or by replacement of crucial metals, therefore disturb the integrity of biomolecules and affects antioxidant defense system by generating reactive oxygen species. Plant acquires several defense approaches to safeguard against metal toxicity; such processes include sequestration, compartmentalization, exclusion, and inactivation by the secretion of organic ligands. Beside this, plants also induce antioxidant system as well as maintain the metal homeostasis by restricting the metal bioavailability. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.PublicationBook Chapter Role of ionomics in plant abiotic stress tolerance(Elsevier, 2020) Mohamed A. El-Esawi; Rajeshwar P. Sinha; Devendra Kumar Chauhan; Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; Jainendra PathakUnderstanding the functions of the major cellular components, including biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and various metabolites involved in the biological processes in an organism is crucial. Regulation of the elements uptake and distribution from soils is also indispensable for plants. Ionome represents an important inorganic nutrient of an organism and is desirable in small quantities. Ionome assists in performing several functions in plants, including censoring plant genome functions. Various genetic mapping approaches have contributed significantly in the prosperity of ionomics. Moreover, it has been well established that ionomics also play a crucial role in tolerance toward different abiotic/biotic stresses in plants. This chapter therefore discusses the ionomics approaches of abiotic stress factors, which effects plant’s growth and performance, including heavy metals, osmotic and high salinity stress. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.PublicationBook Chapter Preface(wiley, 2020) Prabhat Kumar Srivastava; Vijay Pratap Singh; Anita Singh; Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; Samiksha Singh; Sheo Mohan Prasad; Devendra Kumar Chauhan[No abstract available]PublicationBook Pesticides in crop production: Physiological and biochemical action(wiley, 2020) Prabhat Kumar Srivastava; Vijay Pratap Singh; Anita Singh; Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; Samiksha Singh; Sheo Mohan Prasad; Devendra Kumar ChauhanA guide to the diversity of pesticides used in modern agricultural practices, and the relevant social and environmental issues Pesticides in Crop Production offers an important resource that explores pesticide action in plants; pesticide metabolism in soil microbes, plants and animals; bioaccumulation of pesticides and sensitiveness of microbiome towards pesticides. The authors explore pesticide risk assessment, the development of pesticide resistance in pests, microbial remediation of pesticide intoxicated legumes and pesticide toxicity amelioration in plants by plant hormones. The authors include information on eco-friendly pest management. They review the impact of pesticides on soil microorganism, crops and other plants along with the impact on other organisms like aquatic fauna and terrestrial animals including human beings. The book also contains an analysis of pesticide by GC-MS/MS (Gas Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry) a reliable method for the quantification and confirmation of multiclass pesticide residues. This important book: Offers a comprehensive guide to the use of the diversity of pesticides and the pertinent social and environmental issues Explores the impact of pesticides from morphological, anatomical, physiological and biochemical perspectives Shows how pesticides affects soil microorganisms, crops and other plants along with the impact on other organisms like aquatic fauna and animals Critically examines whether chemical pesticides are boon or bane and whether they can be replaced by environmental friendly pesticides Written for students, researchers and professionals in agriculture, botany, entomology and biotechnology, Pesticides in Crop Production examines the effects of chemical pesticides and the feasibility of using bio-pesticides. © 2020 JohnWiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.PublicationErratum Corrigendum to “Silicon nanoparticles more effectively alleviated UV-B stress than silicon in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings” [Plant Physiol. Biochem. 110 (January 2017) 70-81] (Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (2017) 110 (70–81), (S0981942816302479), (10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.06.026))(Elsevier Masson SAS, 2020) Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; Swati Singh; Vijay Pratap Singh; Sheo Mohan Prasad; Nawal Kishore Dubey; Devendra Kumar ChauhanThe authors regret that Fig. 3 on p.76 of the paper having some very minor mistake. The correct Fig. 3 is as follows. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. [Figure presented] © 2016 Elsevier Masson SASPublicationArticle Silicon tackles butachlor toxicity in rice seedlings by regulating anatomical characteristics, ascorbate-glutathione cycle, proline metabolism and levels of nutrients(Nature Research, 2020) Durgesh Kumar Tripthi; Rishi Kumar Varma; Swati Singh; Manisha Sachan; Gea Guerriero; Bishwajit Kumar Kushwaha; Shruti Bhardwaj; Naleeni Ramawat; Shivesh Sharma; Vijay Pratap Singh; Sheo Mohan Prasad; Devendra Kumar Chauhan; Nawal Kishore Dubey; Shivendra SahiReckless use of herbicides like butachlor (Buta) in the fields represents a serious threat to crop plants, and hence to their productivity. Silicon (Si) is well known for its implication in the alleviation of the effects of abiotic stresses; however, its role in mitigating Buta toxicity is not yet known. Therefore, this study was carried out to explore the role of Si (10 µM) in regulating Buta (4 µM) toxicity in rice seedlings. Buta reduced growth and photosynthesis, altered nitric oxide (NO) level and leaf and root anatomy, inhibited enzyme activities of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (while transcripts of associated enzymes, increased except OsMDHAR), as well as its metabolites (ascorbate and glutathione) and uptake of nutrients (Mg, P, K, S, Ca, Fe, etc. except Na), while addition of Si reversed Buta-induced alterations. Buta stimulated the expression of Si channel and efflux transporter genes- Lsi1 and Lsi2 while the addition of Si further greatly induced their expression under Buta toxicity. Buta increased free proline accumulation by inducing the activity of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and decreasing proline dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, while Si reversed these effects caused by Buta. Our results suggest that Si-governed mitigation of Buta toxicity is linked with favorable modifications in energy flux parameters of photosynthesis and leaf and root anatomy, up-regulation of Si channel and transporter genes, ascorbate-glutathione cycle and nutrient uptake, and lowering in oxidative stress. We additionally demonstrate that NO might have a crucial role in these responses. © 2020, The Author(s).PublicationReview Understanding Heavy Metal Stress in a Rice Crop: Toxicity, Tolerance Mechanisms, and Amelioration Strategies(Springer New York LLC, 2019) Namira Arif; Nilesh C. Sharma; Vaishali Yadav; Naleeni Ramawat; Nawal Kishore Dubey; Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; Devendra Kumar Chauhan; Shivendra SahiHeavy metal (HMs) pollution is regarded as one of the major concerns for soil and water, causing varieties of toxic and stress effects on plants and ecosystems. It has become one of the important limiting factors to crop productivity and quality. Due to an ever-increasing population growth and food demands, this situation has further worsened. Rice, a leading staple food crop that feeds more than 50% populations of the world, is constantly affected by abiotic stressors including HMs. In most of the countries, a major source of HM intake by humans is the rice grain produced through the paddy soils contaminated with HMs such as As, Al, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, Hg, Mn, Se, and Zn. Thus, gradual agglomeration of HMs in rice grains and their subsequent transfer to the food chain is a major menace to agriculture and human health. In recent years, several studies examined the impact of HMs toxicity on rice at multiple levels: molecular, biochemical, physiological, cellular and tissue, and demonstrated a correlation between HMs toxicity and the decreasing trend in rice productivity. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the interaction of HMs with rice crop spanning from the cell to whole plant level and devise appropriate effective means to alleviate these stress responses. This review focuses on tracing the pathways involved in stress responses and stress tolerance mechanisms displayed by different varieties of rice. However, it is essential to uncover the mechanisms related to stress responses in rice for designing improved investigations to develop novel varieties with high attributes. Therefore, this communication summarizes various defense strategies induced against HM stress and includes the function of metabolites (metabolomics), trace elements (ionomics), transcription factors (transcriptomics), and various stress-inducible proteins (proteomics) including the role of plant hormones. © 2019, Korean Society of Plant Biologists.