Scholarly Publications
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This community showcases the academic contributions of faculty and researchers at Banaras Hindu University (BHU) and provides a year-wise compilation of publications across disciplines. Institutional Repository BHU
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PublicationArticle Interactive Effect of Silicon (Si) and Salicylic Acid (SA) in Maize Seedlings and Their Mechanisms of Cadmium (Cd) Toxicity Alleviation(Springer New York LLC, 2019) Swati Singh; Vijay Pratap Singh; Sheo Mohan Prasad; Shivesh Sharma; Naleeni Ramawat; Nawal Kishore Dubey; Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; Devendra Kumar ChauhanThe present study has been conducted to evaluate the impact of silicon (Si) and salicylic acid (SA) in the regulation of Cd-induced toxicity in maize seedlings. Cadmium (Cd: 100 µM) significantly reduced root and shoot fresh weight and length, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble protein content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Cadmium decreased root and shoot length by 23 and 19% and fresh weight by 27 and 24%, respectively when compared to their respective controls. Similarly, total chlorophyll, carotenoids and total soluble protein were decreased by 21, 18 and 28%, respectively by Cd. In contrast, the addition of SA (500 µM) and Si (10 µM), and their combination (SA + Si) together with Cd treatment successfully ameliorated Cd-induced harmful impacts on studied parameters as SA and Si alone and in combination reduced Cd accumulation and oxidative stresses and thus refurbish the damages. Cd significantly stimulated activity of superoxide dismutase while inhibited activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and declined total ascorbate and glutathione contents. In contrast, the addition of SA and Si alone and in combination stimulated the activities of APX, GR and DHAR and significantly increased levels of total ascorbate and glutathione. In conclusion, the present study suggested that although SA and Si both alone are able to alleviate Cd-induced toxicity in maize seedlings, but their combination was the most effective in nullifying Cd-induced toxicity in maize seedlings. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.PublicationArticle Differential phytotoxic responses of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and silver nanoparticle (AgNps) in Cucumis sativus L.(Elsevier B.V., 2017) Ashutosh Tripathi; Shiliang Liu; Prashant Kumar Singh; Niraj Kumar; Avinash Chandra Pandey; Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; Devendra Kumar Chauhan; Shivendra SahiThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and biosynthesized silver nanoparticle (AgNps) on Cucumis sativus L seedlings. Results indicated that both the forms of silver significantly reduced the growth which may be accompanied due to increased accumulation of silver in plants (4708.2 ± 108.75 mg/kg). Both the treatments showed steep reduction (> in AgNO3 treatments) in photosynthetic performance, total chlorophyll, carotenoids and total protein content and significantly (P < 0.05) increased oxidative stress (MDA, H2O2, SOR; i.e. > in AgNO3 treatment). The histochemical observations (NBT & DAB) of oxidative stress markers (H2O2 and O2[rad]−) were also in accordance with their total estimation of H2O2 and O2[rad]− in both the treatments. Chlorophyll florescence parameters were also significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by AgNO3 and AgNps treatments and showed remarkable modifications.Though, both the treatments (AgNO3 and AgNps) showed anatomical impacts on the root cortical cells, however, degeneration of cortical cells and disintegration of endodermis in AgNO3 treatments were more prominent. Taking impacts of the both forms of silver together, present study suggests that the AgNO3 is more toxic than AgNPs while potential risks of both forms is critical on the growth and development of Cucumis seedlings. We suggest further studies to explore the underlying mechanisms and to understand the effective levels of both forms of silver to be used in sustaining agricultural productions. © 2017PublicationArticle Silicon-mediated alleviation of Cr(VI) toxicity in wheat seedlings as evidenced by chlorophyll florescence, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and anatomical changes(Academic Press, 2015) Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; Vijay Pratap Singh; Sheo Mohan Prasad; Devendra Kumar Chauhan; Nawal Kishore Dubey; Awadhesh Kumar RaiSilicon (Si)-mediated alleviation of Cr(VI) toxicity was examined in wheat seedlings using an in vivo approach that involves chlorophyll fluorescence, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and anatomical changes. Exposure to Cr(VI) significantly reduced the growth and photosynthetic activities (chlorophyll fluorescence) in wheat which was accompanied by remarkable accumulation of this element in tissues. However, addition of Si to the growth medium alleviated the effects of Cr(VI). The LIBS spectra were used as a fingerprint of the elemental compositions in wheat seedlings, which showed a reduction in Cr accumulation following Si addition. Nutrient element levels (Ca, Mg, K and Na) declined in wheat following the addition of Cr (VI), as recorded by LIBS and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICAP-AES). However, addition of Si along with Cr(VI) increased the contents of nutrient elements in wheat. LIBS, ICAP-AES and AAS showed a similar distribution pattern of elements measured in wheat. Anatomical observations of leaf and root revealed that Cr(VI) affected internal structures while Si played a role in protection from toxic effects. The results showed the suitability of chlorophyll fluorescence as a parameter and appropriateness of LIBS technique and anatomical procedures to elucidate Si-mediated alleviation of Cr(VI) toxicity. Furthermore, our results suggest that the measured parameters and techniques can be used non-invasively for monitoring the growth of crops under different environmental conditions. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.PublicationArticle Silicon nanoparticles (SiNp) alleviate chromium (VI) phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (L.) seedlings(Elsevier Masson SAS, 2015) Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; Vijay Pratap Singh; Sheo Mohan Prasad; Devendra Kumar Chauhan; Nawal Kishore DubeyThe present study was aimed to investigate the effect of silicon nanoparticles (SiNp) against Cr (VI) phytotoxicity in pea seedlings. Results show that Cr(VI, 100 μM) significantly (P < 0.05) declined growth of pea which was accompanied by the enhanced level of Cr. Additionally, photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters like Fv/Fm, Fv/F0 and qP were decreased while NPQ significantly (P < 0.05) increased under Cr(VI) treatment. Superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA-lipid peroxidation) contents were enhanced by Cr(VI). Activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase were increased by Cr (VI) while activities of catalase, glutathione reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase were inhibited significantly (P < 0.05). Micro and macronutrients also show decreasing trends (except S) under Cr(VI) treatment. However, addition of SiNp together with Cr(VI) protects pea seedlings against Cr(VI) phytotoxicity hence improved growth was noticed. In conclusion, the results of this study show that Cr(VI) causes negative impact on pea seedlings, however; SiNp protects pea seedlings against Cr(VI) phytotoxicity by reducing Cr accumulation and oxidative stress, and up-regulating antioxidant defense system and nutrient elements. © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS.