Scholarly Publications
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://dl.bhu.ac.in/bhuir/handle/123456789/16335
This community showcases the academic contributions of faculty and researchers at Banaras Hindu University (BHU) and provides a year-wise compilation of publications across disciplines. Institutional Repository BHU
Browse
8 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
PublicationArticle Silicon nanoforms in crop improvement and stress management(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Priyanka Dhakate; Nidhi Kandhol; Gaurav Raturi; Priyanka Ray; Anupriya Bhardwaj; Aakriti Srivastava; Laveena Kaushal; Akanksha Singh; Sangeeta Pandey; Devendra Kumar Chauhan; Nawal Kishore Dubey; Shivesh Sharma; Vijay Pratap Singh; Shivendra Sahi; Renato Grillo; Jose Peralta-Videa; Rupesh Deshmukh; Durgesh Kumar TripathiAlthough, silicon – the second most abundant element in the earth crust could not supersede carbon (C) in the competition of being the building block of life during evolution, yet its presence has been reported in some life forms. In case of the plants, silicon has been reported widely to promote the plant growth under normal as well as stressful situations. Nanoform of silicon is now being explored for its potential to improve plant productivity and its tolerance against various stresses. Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) in the form of nanofertilizers, nanoherbicides, nanopesticides, nanosensors and targeted delivery systems, find great utilization in the field of agriculture. However, the mechanisms underlying their uptake by plants need to be deciphered in detail. Silicon nanoformss are reported to enhance plant growth, majorly by improving photosynthesis rate, elevating nutrient uptake and mitigating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress. Various studies have reported their ability to provide tolerance against a range of stresses by upregulating plant defense responses. Moreover, they are proclaimed not to have any detrimental impacts on environment yet. This review includes the up-to-date information in context of the eminent role of silicon nanoforms in crop improvement and stress management, supplemented with suggestions for future research in this field. © 2022 Elsevier LtdPublicationArticle Interactive Effect of Silicon (Si) and Salicylic Acid (SA) in Maize Seedlings and Their Mechanisms of Cadmium (Cd) Toxicity Alleviation(Springer New York LLC, 2019) Swati Singh; Vijay Pratap Singh; Sheo Mohan Prasad; Shivesh Sharma; Naleeni Ramawat; Nawal Kishore Dubey; Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; Devendra Kumar ChauhanThe present study has been conducted to evaluate the impact of silicon (Si) and salicylic acid (SA) in the regulation of Cd-induced toxicity in maize seedlings. Cadmium (Cd: 100 µM) significantly reduced root and shoot fresh weight and length, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble protein content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Cadmium decreased root and shoot length by 23 and 19% and fresh weight by 27 and 24%, respectively when compared to their respective controls. Similarly, total chlorophyll, carotenoids and total soluble protein were decreased by 21, 18 and 28%, respectively by Cd. In contrast, the addition of SA (500 µM) and Si (10 µM), and their combination (SA + Si) together with Cd treatment successfully ameliorated Cd-induced harmful impacts on studied parameters as SA and Si alone and in combination reduced Cd accumulation and oxidative stresses and thus refurbish the damages. Cd significantly stimulated activity of superoxide dismutase while inhibited activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and declined total ascorbate and glutathione contents. In contrast, the addition of SA and Si alone and in combination stimulated the activities of APX, GR and DHAR and significantly increased levels of total ascorbate and glutathione. In conclusion, the present study suggested that although SA and Si both alone are able to alleviate Cd-induced toxicity in maize seedlings, but their combination was the most effective in nullifying Cd-induced toxicity in maize seedlings. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.PublicationArticle Silicon nanoparticles more effectively alleviated UV-B stress than silicon in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings(Elsevier Masson SAS, 2017) Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; Swati Singh; Vijay Pratap Singh; Sheo Mohan Prasad; Nawal Kishore Dubey; Devendra Kumar ChauhanThe role of silicon (Si) in alleviating biotic as well as abiotic stresses is well known. However, the potential of silicon nanoparticle (SiNP) in regulating abiotic stress and associated mechanisms have not yet been explored. Therefore, in the present study hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate whether Si or SiNp are more effective in the regulation of UV-B stress. UV-B (ambient and enhanced) radiation caused adverse effect on growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings, which was accompanied by declined photosynthetic performance and altered vital leaf structures. Levels of superoxide radical and H2O2 were enhanced by UV-B as also evident from their histochemical stainings, which was accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and electrolyte leakage. Activities of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase were inhibited by UV-B while catalase and guaiacol peroxidase, and all non-enzymatic antioxidants were stimulated by UV-B. Although, nitric oxide (NO) content was increased at all tested combinations, but its maximum content was observed under SiNps together with UV-B enhanced treatment. Pre-additions of SiNp as well as Si protected wheat seedlings against UV-B by regulating oxidative stress through enhanced antioxidants. Data indicate that SiNp might have protected wheat seedlings through NO-mediated triggering of antioxidant defense system, which subsequently counterbalance reactive oxygen species-induced damage to photosynthesis. Further, SiNp appear to be more effective in reducing UV-B stress than Si, which is related to its greater availability to wheat seedlings. © 2016 Elsevier Masson SASPublicationArticle Silicon bioavailability in exocarp of Cucumis sativus Linn(Springer Verlag, 2017) Deepika Tripathi; Mrigank Mauli Dwivedi; Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; Devendra Kumar ChauhanScanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) techniques have been used to detect the silicon bioavailability in the exocarp of warty cucumber surface. Warts appear at the time of anthesis and are remnant part of spines/trichomes which on further fruit maturation abscised from the exocarp. Results of EPMA and phytolith analysis clearly revealed that the surface of exocarp (fruit) of Cucumis sativus Linn. containing warts has greater quantity of silicon as compared to the other part of the fruit. Besides silicon, some other elements were also found, on the fruit exocarp and its surrounding area. The other elements are magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and sodium. The percentage of silica is highest followed by Ni, Ca, Al, P, Mg, Fe, S, Cu, K, and Cl. Thus, this study clearly demonstrates that Cucumis sativus Linn. fruits which are used as salads and appetizers on daily basis are loaded with silicon and other useful elements and possess numerous health benefits. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.PublicationArticle LIB spectroscopic and biochemical analysis to characterize lead toxicity alleviative nature of silicon in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings(Elsevier B.V., 2016) Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; Vijay Pratap Singh; Sheo Mohan Prasad; Nawal Kishore Dubey; Devendra Kumar Chauhan; Awadesh Kumar RaiThe responses of wheat seedling treated with silicon (Si; 10 μM) and lead (Pb; 100 μM) for 7 days have been investigated by analyzing growth, Pb uptake, chlorophyll fluorescence, oxidative stress, antioxidants and nutrients regulation. Results indicated that, Pb significantly (P < 0.05) declined growth of seedlings which was accompanied by uptake of Pb. Under Pb stress, fluorescence parameters: Fv/Fm ratio and qP were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased while NPQ was increased. Si addition alleviated Pb-induced decrease in growth and alterations in photosynthesis, and also significantly (P < 0.05) lowered Pb uptake. Under Pb treatment, oxidative stress markers: hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation were enhanced while DPPH• scavenging capacity and total phenolic compounds (TPCs) were decreased significantly, however, Si addition improved the status of antioxidants. The non-protein thiols (NP-SH) showed enhanced level under Pb stress. Pb stress considerably disturbed status of the nutrients as decrease in Ca, P, Mg, Zn and Ni contents while an increase in K, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Na contents were noticed. Si addition maintained status of all the nutrients remarkably. The quickest method of element analysis: LIBS spectra revealed significantly lower uptake of Pb in seedlings grown under Si and Pb combination and same was correlated with the data of AAS. Overall results pointed out that excess Pb uptake disturbed status of nutrients, photosynthetic performance, antioxidant capacity, hence severe oxidative damage to lipids occurred. Further, Si supplementation successfully regulated these parameters by inhibiting Pb uptake hence maintained growth of wheat seedlings. Similar pattern of data recorded by the LIBS, AAS and ICAP-AES confirmed that LIBS may be one of the promising and authentic tools to monitor the mineral and metal distribution in the plants without hampering or disturbing the environment due to its eco-friendly and non-invasive nature. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.PublicationBook Chapter Silicon as a beneficial element to combat the adverse effect of drought in agricultural crops: Capabilities and future possibilities(wiley, 2016) Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; Swati Singh; Shweta Singh; Devendra Kumar Chauhan; Nawal Kishore Dubey; Rajendra PrasadAmong the list of abiotic stresses, drought is regarded as one of the most dangerous, instigating severe physiological, biochemical, and molecular damage to plants and ultimately responsible for huge yield loss. Drought is an ever-increasing problem that not only limits crop productivity but also quality of crop production, thus drought is known as the single most critical menace to world food security. Drought stress significantly reduces growth of roots and shoots, declines photosynthesis and other major physiological activities. Antioxidant defense mechanisms are also damaged in plants under drought stress. The value and functions of silicon, its dynamic pathways, and interactive networks in drought tolerance in plants have been well reported in a credible number of studies. Silicon not only protects plants from inimical effects of drought but it maintains plants against damaging activities caused by drought stress. In this book chapter, we discuss the prodigious significance of silicon in crop plants under drought stress. The roles of silicon in improving physiological functions, upregulation of mineral distribution, enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms, and alleviation of oxidative stress markers have been also well discussed in this chapter with the future prospective of silicon playing the counter role in drought stress. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. All rights reserved.PublicationArticle Silicon nanoparticles more efficiently alleviate arsenate toxicity than silicon in maize cultiver and hybrid differing in arsenate tolerance(Frontiers Media S.A., 2016) Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; Swati Singh; Vijay Pratap Singh; Sheo Mohan Prasad; Devendra Kumar Chauhan; Nawal Kishore DubeyAlleviation of abiotic stress by silicon (Si) is well documented. But mitigation of abiotic stress by silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) is not much known. Therefore, hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate if SiNPs are more effective than Si in mitigation of arsenate (As V ; 25 and 50 μM) toxicity in maize cultivar and hybrid differing in As V tolerance. Under As V stress, reduction in growth was accompanied by enhanced level of As and oxidative stress. As V inhibited activities of antioxidant enzymes like ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase (except superoxide dismutase). The redox status of ascorbate and glutathione was disturbed by As V as indicated by a steep decline in their reduced/oxidized ratios. However, addition of Si and SiNp ameliorates As V toxicity in maize. Si and SiNp both could reduce As V toxicity in maize cultivar and hybrid, which could be related with decreased accumulation of As and oxidative stress, and enhanced components of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AsA-GSH cycle). But lowering in the accumulation of As and oxidative stress markers, and enhancement in components of the AsA-GSH cycle was prominent in SiNp fed seedlings under As V stress. The results also showed that SiNp are more effective in reducing AsV toxicity than Si, which is due to their greater availability to seedlings. Comparing responses of cultivar and hybrid, maize cultivar shows more resistance against As V than hybrid. © 2016 Tripathi, Singh, Singh, Prasad, Chauhan and Dubey.PublicationArticle Silicon-mediated alleviation of Cr(VI) toxicity in wheat seedlings as evidenced by chlorophyll florescence, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and anatomical changes(Academic Press, 2015) Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; Vijay Pratap Singh; Sheo Mohan Prasad; Devendra Kumar Chauhan; Nawal Kishore Dubey; Awadhesh Kumar RaiSilicon (Si)-mediated alleviation of Cr(VI) toxicity was examined in wheat seedlings using an in vivo approach that involves chlorophyll fluorescence, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and anatomical changes. Exposure to Cr(VI) significantly reduced the growth and photosynthetic activities (chlorophyll fluorescence) in wheat which was accompanied by remarkable accumulation of this element in tissues. However, addition of Si to the growth medium alleviated the effects of Cr(VI). The LIBS spectra were used as a fingerprint of the elemental compositions in wheat seedlings, which showed a reduction in Cr accumulation following Si addition. Nutrient element levels (Ca, Mg, K and Na) declined in wheat following the addition of Cr (VI), as recorded by LIBS and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICAP-AES). However, addition of Si along with Cr(VI) increased the contents of nutrient elements in wheat. LIBS, ICAP-AES and AAS showed a similar distribution pattern of elements measured in wheat. Anatomical observations of leaf and root revealed that Cr(VI) affected internal structures while Si played a role in protection from toxic effects. The results showed the suitability of chlorophyll fluorescence as a parameter and appropriateness of LIBS technique and anatomical procedures to elucidate Si-mediated alleviation of Cr(VI) toxicity. Furthermore, our results suggest that the measured parameters and techniques can be used non-invasively for monitoring the growth of crops under different environmental conditions. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.