Scholarly Publications
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This community showcases the academic contributions of faculty and researchers at Banaras Hindu University (BHU) and provides a year-wise compilation of publications across disciplines. Institutional Repository BHU
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PublicationArticle Acute Febrile Illness in India: An Epidemiological Retrospective Study(Bentham Science Publishers, 2025) Kaushalendra Kumar; Amit Kumar Tripathi; Vikas Kumar Sharma; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Ranjana Saksena PatnaikIntroduction: Acute febrile illness (AFI) is a frequent occurrence in India, often complicated by a multitude of pathogenic and etiological factors. In this context, it is important to analyze the biochemical, hematological, and epidemiological clinical parameters of AFI patients in the North Indian population. Methods: This study included 1,819 patients of various ages who presented with new-onset acute febrile illness (AFI) between 2017 and 2021. Among these patients, 211, with a median age of 40 years (ranging from 2 to 85 years), were selected for further analysis. At enrollment, clinical examination involved collecting respiratory tract specimens, blood, and urine samples for biochemical analysis, with subsequent data analysis conducted using statistical methods. Results and Discussion: The following biochemical parameters were analyzed: C-reactive protein (CRP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and total protein serum. The hematological parameters included total leukocyte count (TLC), lymphocyte count, monocyte count, eosinophil count, red blood cell count (RBCs), packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hematocrit value, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). Additionally, clinical parameters such as phosphorus, urea, calcium, sodium, uric acid, bilirubin, and potassium were measured. Specific values observed were: SGPT (~113 IU/L in 2018), SGOT (~81 U/L in 2019), GGT (~148 g/L in 2018), and total protein serum (~7 g/L in 2020). The hematological parameters (TLC, lymphocyte, monocyte, RBCs, PCV, ESR, MCV, and MCH). The regression analysis was conducted to explore the temperature recorded at the time of admission, the duration of hospital stays, and biochemical as well as hematological variables of patients suffering from AFI. Karl-Pearson's correlation coefficient and variance inflation factor for each variable mentioned above. Conclusion: Biochemical and hematological parameters were analyzed over different years of intake in patients with Acute Febrile Illness (AFI). Further investigation is required to explore the mechanistic pathways of infection, and preventive measures will be implemented using natural products and other therapeutic interventions. Our data will offer the first systematic assessment of the etiological factors, along with regression analysis and the Karl-Pearson correlation coefficient for each variable in AFI patients. © 2025 Bentham Science Publishers.PublicationArticle Exploring nutritional supplement use for countering respiratory tract infections through an X (formerly Twitter)-based survey(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Rajeev K. Singla; Himel Mondal; Shailja Singla; Ronita De; Sahar Behzad; Mihnea Alexandru Gǎman; Siva Sai Chandragiri; Merisa Ćenanović; Jayanta Kumar Patra; Jennifer R. Depew; Boyina Hemanth Kumar; Abdulkadir Yusif Maigoro; Soojin Lee; Omar Mohammad Atrooz; Gitishree Das; Fabien Schultz; Emad M. Abdallah; Hitesh Chopra; Jamil Ahmad; Rupesh Kumar Gautam; Sourav Sanchit Patnaik; Goh Bey Hing; Smith Borakaeyabe Babiaka; Sharad Vats; Michael P. Okoh; Atallah F. Ahmed; Ankit Kumar Dubey; Ronan Lordan; Parasuraman Aiya Subramani; Amit Kumar Singh; José M. Alvarez-Suarez; Dinesh Kumar Chellappan; Shravan Kumar Paswan; Prabhakar Semwal; Johra Khan; Sadeeq Muhammad Sheshe; Neeraj Kumar Sethiya; Tomasz M. Karpiński; Muhammad Ijaz Riaz; Zahra Emam-Diomeh; Girish Kumar Gupta; Reecha Madaan; Suresh Kumar; Neeraj Choudhary; Salvatore Parisi; Harald Willschke; Vasil Radoslavov Pirgozliev; Rehab A. Rayan; Valentin Ritschl; Shaikat Mondal; Gokhan Zengin; Pritt Verma; Bhupinder Kapoor; Monica Gulati; Gareeballah Osman Adam Balla; Dan Khoa Le; Valeria Pittalà; Amr El-Demerdash; Garba Mohammed Khalid; Jesus Simal-Gandara; Qushmua E. Alzahrani; G. L. RUSSO; Kiran R. Kharat; Anupam Bishayee; Dongdong Wang; I. E. Orhan; Hammad Ullah; Michael M. Heinrich; Bikash Baral; Nikolay T. Tzvetkov; Andy Wai Kan Yeung; João Dias-Ferreira; Scarlett Perez Olea; Yugal Kishore Mohanta; Azazahemad A. Kureshi; Claudiu T. Supuran; Neeraj Rani; Rohit Gundamaraju; Eoghan Joseph Mulholland; Sara Di Lonardo; Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova; Elena Ma González-Burgos; Lucian Hriţcu; Pravin Badhe; Abhilasha Singh; Fuad Al-Rimawi; Antoni Sureda Gomila; Rambod Abiri; Nady Braidy; Lorenz Kapral; A. N. Abdullahi; Christhian Delfino Villanueva Medina; Helen Sheridan; Massimo Lucarini; A. Durazzo; Francesca Giampieri; Davide Barreca; Witkowska Anna Maria; J. C. Andrade; Carmela FimognariBackground: Respiratory tract infections are a common health issue, driving interest in preventive strategies like nutritional supplements, while evidence on their usage and effectiveness remains limited. In this context, social media platforms, particularly X (formerly Twitter), provide a unique opportunity to gather large-scale public health-related data. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to survey participants’ uses and opinions on nutritional supplements in prevention or treatment of respiratory tract infections, by using X. Methods: A survey was conducted between 1st and 15th December 2022. A single open-ended question “Which are the best dietary supplements to counteract respiratory infections?“ was asked. One week after the start of the survey, a poll was posted to get more relevant information and boost the survey's reach. Total endorsements were calculated for each tweet posted as the total sum of replies, retweets, and likes. Results: The open-ended question received a total of 118 retweets, 39 quotes, and 371 likes, while the poll received 56 retweets, 13 quotes, and 67 likes. A total of 495 replies, 2,251 retweets, 5,118 likes, and 148 quotes were received for the question and its related tweets. Vitamin D (1,607 endorsements), zinc (1,347 endorsements), vitamin C (803 endorsements), magnesium (694 endorsements), and honey (661 endorsements) were the nutritional supplements that received most endorsements. Conclusion: Various foods, drinks, and natural ingredients have been suggested as potentially helpful for counteracting respiratory infections. Approximately half of respondents indicated using such supplements for themselves. The result of this study supports the idea that the X platform can be used as an effective survey tool to study global health-related behaviours and trends. © 2025 The AuthorsPublicationBook Chapter Individual-and Community-Level Determinants of Maternal Healthcare Utilization in Afghanistan(Springer Nature, 2025) Aditya P. Singh; Sayed Attaullah Saeedzai; Ajit Kumar Jaiswal; Shivani Paratap Singh; Rakesh ChandraTo increase the utilization of maternal healthcare services, the factors that affect must first be identified. However, national-level studies on this topic in the country are lacking. Therefore, this chapter aims to identify and examine the factors affecting maternal healthcare utilization in Afghanistan. This chapter uses data from the first Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Afghanistan in 2015 to examine the factors associated with the utilization of maternal healthcare services among ever-married women (aged 15–49) who have had at least one birth during the 5 years preceding the survey. Multilevel binary logistic regression analyses were carried out to understand the net effect of predictor variables on the utilization of maternity care. The results show that the utilization of maternal health services is considerably low in Afghanistan. Only about 18%, 48%, and 33% Afghan mothers had availed themselves of antenatal care (ANC), safe delivery, and postnatal care (PNC) services, respectively. Findings have indicated a considerable amount of variation in the use of maternity care depending on education, wealth, ethnicity, parity, and place of residence. Maternal care in Afghanistan is associated with a woman and her partner’s education, ethnicity, wealth, parity, exposure to mass media, and place of residence. The chapter finds a strong association between the utilization of antenatal care and both safe delivery and postnatal care. Exposure to mass media and mothers’ participation in health expenditure decision-making are positively associated with maternal care utilization in Afghanistan. These results suggest the need to adopt a targeted approach to reduce differentials in the utilization of maternal care in Afghanistan. In the short term, the government should focus on promoting antenatal care and the use of mass media. In the long term, the government should promote girl’s education and reduce wealth inequalities. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.PublicationArticle Dengue in older inpatients in the post-COVID-19 Period: a case series from a North Indian tertiary center(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Abhimanyu Velmurugan; Shivangi Pandey; Aayushi Owdhwal; Anup P. Singh; Sankha Shubhra Chakrabarti; Upinder KaurStudies on dengue in older patients are scarce from India. The patterns of dengue in the post-COVID-19 period have been poorly studied globally. Our case series describes the patterns and outcomes of dengue in inpatients of the geriatric unit of a tertiary university hospital in North India during the period of August -December 2023. Twenty-four patients were diagnosed with dengue out of 182 admissions during the study period (13.2 %). The median (Q1-Q3) age of patients was 67.5 (64.75–75) years. Fever was present in all except one patient (95.8 %). Weakness, vomiting, dyspnea, and altered sensorium occurred in 41.7 %, 37.5 %, 29.2 %, and 20.8 %, respectively. Hyponatremia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia were observed in 58.3 %, 45.8 %, and 25 % of cases, and nearly one-third developed hepatitis. Leucopenia rates were relatively low. Dengue was severe in two-thirds, and acute kidney injury was the commonest complication. Three fatalities were observed. In summary, many older patients had atypical presentations of dengue, and the disease was severe in a significant proportion. Larger multi-centric surveillance studies with the inclusion of immunogenic correlates of COVID-19 are needed to understand its effects if any on the age and region-specific variations of dengue in the elderly. © 2025 The AuthorsPublicationConference Paper Mapping the Linkage Between Covid-19 and Finance Research Using Structural Topic Modelling: A Machine Learning Perspective(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025) Sarveshwar Kumar Inani; Jitesh Mohnot; Harsh Pradhan; Gaurav Nagpal; Ankita NagpalThere is a substantial body of scholarly literature on finance research conducted during the COVID-19. However, a comprehensive and systematic overview of the relevant literature has not yet been established. Therefore, the present study conducts bibliometric analysis and structural topic modeling on a dataset of 3,435 articles extracted from Scopus between 2020 and 2023. It studies publication patterns, significant journals and institutions publishing papers on finance research during the COVID-19 crisis. Seven thematic clusters in finance research including accounting, public finance, banking, corporate financing, market volatility, sentiment analysis, and governance - have been identified by structural topic modelling. These findings aid in comprehending the major COVID-19 related financial research themes. The study has also recommended a future research agenda. © 2025 IEEE.PublicationBook Chapter The power of AI in viral vaccine production: A paradigm shift in efficiency and costs(Academic Press Inc., 2025) Bappi SarkarIn recent years, the field of microbiology has witnessed a transformative revolution through the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Traditionally, the production of viral vaccines has been a laborious and resource-intensive process, often requiring years of research, development, and testing. However, the convergence of AI and microbiology promises to streamline this process, substantially reducing both production time and costs. This chapter begins by elucidating the existing data on vaccine production, emphasizing the challenges that have historically plagued the field. It then provides a comprehensive overview of how AI technologies are poised to address these challenges, fundamentally reshaping vaccine manufacturing. Through advanced data analytics, AI can rapidly identify potential vaccine candidates by sifting through vast datasets containing the genetic information of viruses. Whereas, Machine learning algorithms can predict the most effective vaccine formulations, optimizing antigen selection and adjuvant combinations. Furthermore, AI-driven automation can significantly reduce the manual labour involved in cell culture and purification processes. Moreover, AI-powered monitoring and quality control systems ensure the production of consistently high-quality vaccines, minimizing the risk of batch failures and the associated financial setbacks. By exploring these developments, this chapter sheds light on the promising future of microbiology in tandem with AI, where the production of viral vaccines is not only accelerated but also becomes economically feasible for a wider population. It underscores the immense potential for AI to transform the vaccine industry, enhancing our preparedness to combat emerging infectious diseases and ultimately improving global public health. © 2025 Elsevier LtdPublicationArticle Optimal control analysis on the spread of COVID-19: Impact of contact transmission and environmental contamination(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Sunil Singh Negi; Ravina; Nitin Sharma; Anupam PriyadarshiThe study investigates the intricate dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, with a particular focus on both close-contact interactions and environmental factors. Using advanced mathematical modeling and epidemiological analysis, explored the effects of these transmission pathways on the spread of COVID-19. The equilibrium points for both disease-free and endemic states are calculated and evaluated to determine their global stability. Additionally, the basic reproduction number (R0) is derived to quantify the transmission potential of the virus. To ensure model accuracy, numerical simulations are performed using MATLAB, utilizing daily COVID-19 case data from India. Parameter values are sourced from existing literature, with certain parameters estimated through fitting the model to observed data. Crucially, the model incorporates environmental transmission factors, such as surface contamination and airborne spread. The inclusion of these factors provides a more comprehensive understanding of the virus's spread, demonstrating the importance of interventions like use of face masks, environmental sanitization, vaccine efficacy, availability of treatment resources underappreciated when focusing solely on direct human contact. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to assess the impact of different parameters on R0, with results visualized through heat maps to identify the most influential factors. Furthermore, Pontryagin's maximum principle is employed to develop an optimal control model, enabling the formulation of effective intervention strategies. By analysing both interpersonal and environmental transmission mechanisms, this study offers a more holistic framework for understanding SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The insights gained are critical for informing public health strategies, emphasizing the necessity of addressing both direct contact and environmental sources of infection to more effectively manage current and future outbreaks. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.PublicationArticle Correlation of Mucormycosis with Various Clinical Parameters Among COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study(Springer, 2025) Harish Chaitram Jadhav; Prashanth Yachrappa Vishwakarma; Snehal V. Thamke; Shruti R. Pundkar; Trupti V. Takle; Mahesh R. KhairnarIntroduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), during the second wave in early 2021, caused devastating chaos in India. As daily infection rates continue to rise alarmingly, the number of severe cases also increased dramatically. Mucormycosis is an infection caused by filamentous molds, and there was a rise in mucormycosis cases after COVID-19 infection. The aim of the study is to assess various parameters associated with mucormycosis patients who suffered from COVID-19. Material and Methodology: This study was a cross-sectional questionnaire study. The target population for the study were 70 mucormycosis-infected patients (51 = males, 19 = females). The questionnaire mainly focused on association of various parameters of COVID-19 with mucormycosis. Results: Result showed that out of 70 cases of mucormycosis the association was found between history of diabetes mellitus 45 (64.2%), type of hospitalization, number of days of hospitalization, oxygen administered, type and maintenance of face mask, i.e., patient who had reused mask by washing 59 (84.3%), and method of oral hygiene practices. Conclusion: Mucormycosis is extremely rare in population. The study findings emphasize the need to be aware of invasive mucormycosis developing in COVID-19 patients, especially including patients with diabetes mellitus and outside the ICU, patient who had poor oral hygiene during COVID-19, patients receiving oxygen therapy should ensure that the water in the humidifier is clean and is refilled regularly, knowledge and education about the use of the facemask. © The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2023.PublicationArticle Degree-Based Coindices of Molnupiravir and Its QSPR Analysis With Other COVID-19 Drugs(Springer, 2025) Shibsankar Das; Arti KumariSARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) is a recent addition to the Coronaviridae family of coronaviruses. Since the beginning of the crisis, several renowned studies have been published to support the reason behind the viral propagation, viable preventive strategies, and potential future treatment modalities. In recent years, molecular topology has been developed as a significant drug discovery and design strategy. In this study, we derive CoM-polynomial for the oral antiviral COVID-19 drug Molnupiravir and hence compute some standard degree-based topological coindices. Afterward, the obtained results of Molnupiravir and degree-based coindices of other COVID-19 drugs such as Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Arbidol, Thalidomide, Remdesivir, Lopinavir, Ritonavir and Theaflavin are employed in QSPR modeling for strong correlation with the physicochemical properties of all considered drugs via linear, quadratic and cubic regression analysis. The outcomes of the investigation from regression analysis indicate that certain coindices have a higher predictive capacity to forecast the physicochemical properties of these categories of drugs. Moreover, a comparison is drawn between the squared correlation coefficients derived from our obtained curvilinear regression models and those from earlier studies. Consequently, topological coindices could be useful tools for future QSPR analyses in the study of antiviral medications of the same category. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature India Private Limited 2025.PublicationArticle Omicron-COVID-19-Related Knowledge in Parkinson’s Disease Patients and Their Caregivers: A Cross-sectional Study(SAGE Publications Inc., 2025) Neetu Rani Dhiman; Vyom Gyanpuri; Anand Kumar; Deepika Srivastava JoshiIntroductionThe Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) became the global community’s third major cause of worry. In the current study, we deployed a self-reported survey questionnaire to investigate the degree of comprehension, awareness and perception of the Omicron variant of COVID-19 in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and their respective caregivers (CGs).Materials and MethodsUsing a standardised questionnaire, we conducted a prospective study on PD patients attending the neurology outpatient department prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study period was between February and August of 2022.ResultsA total of 114 CGs and 134 disease-affected patients were evaluated. Approximately 1.8% of the CGs and 4.5% of the patients contracted the Omicron-COVID-19. Over half of the patients (77.6%) were aware of the Omicron variant, and approximately 40.3% of them were aware of its symptoms. After receiving the Covid immunisation, patients (94.02%) reported no change in symptoms. The percentage of patients and CGs who had no symptoms of the viral infection and were not even got tested ever was 95.5% and 98.2%, respectively. Further, patients (95.5%) opted for the ‘offline’ as a preferred mode of consultation, citing the precision of treatment being the main reason.ConclusionNo definite correlation between the Omicron variant infection and symptoms of PD could be established. The awareness regarding Omicron variant was largely unknown. More patient-centred research on larger population groups, incorporating literate and urban groups would unravel the knowledge gaps. © The Author(s) 2024. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).