Scholarly Publications
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This community showcases the academic contributions of faculty and researchers at Banaras Hindu University (BHU) and provides a year-wise compilation of publications across disciplines. Institutional Repository BHU
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PublicationArticle Trichoderma-Induced Promotion of Nitrogen Use Efficiency is Mediated by Nitric Oxide Generation Leading to Improved Growth and Yield in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Plants(Springer, 2023) Bansh Narayan Singh; Padmanabh DwivediTrichoderma spp. are considered in the category of biofertilizer microbes that have ability to increase nutrient uptake capacity and contribute in plant development. In the present investigation, recruitment of Trichoderma asperellum T42 with pea seeds increased total nitrogen uptake efficiency that promoted root traits, total biomass and yield. Molecular evidences revealed that T42 interaction with plant roots enhanced nitric oxide (NO) generation at 40, 70 and 90 days involved in several plant physiological processes. Interestingly, these growth parameters were elevated higher when plants were fed with nitrate nutrient as compared to ammonium fed condition at 40 and 70 days. NO generation in nitrogen nutrient confirmed that NO generation was produced via nitrate reductase (NR) dependent pathway. Several nitrate and ammonium transporters help increase in situ NO generation and contributed to increased lateral root initiation, in pea. Higher expression of nitrate transporter (NRT) genes in response to Trichoderma recruitment in nitrate fed condition and suppressive expression effect of ammonium transporter (AMT1.1) suggested that NRTs have more affinity for NO3− acquisition through pea roots. Among the NRTs, NRT2.1 and NRT1.2 were more upregulated as compared to control plant roots. Overall, our findings suggested that Trichoderma recruitment with pea seeds improved plant growth and yield, particularly more in nitrate fed condition providing insight of the strategy for not only pea but probably for other commercial leguminous crops which suffer from fluctuating nitrate availability in soil. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.PublicationArticle Fertilizer recommendations developed through soil test crop response studies with integrated plant nutrient management system for field pea in an inceptisol(IndianJournals.com, 2018) Kumar Rishi Ranjan; Y.V. Singh; S.K. Singh; P. DeyA field experiment was conducted on Inceptisol at Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during rabi 2016 using integrated plant nutrient management system on the basis of STCR approach through which we are able to develop fertilizers recommendation equation for field pea. Soil test data, pea grain yield and NPK uptake by pea crop were used for achieving four important basic parameters viz., nutrients required to produce one quintal of pea grain (NR), contribution of nutrients from fertilizers (%CF), contribution of nutrients from soil (%CS) and contribution of nutrients from organic matter-FYM (%C-OM). It was found that 5.56, 0.79 and 3.08 kg of N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O, respectively were required for producing one quintal pea grain yield. The per cent contribution of nutrients from soil, fertilizer and FYM were 36.2, 133.7 and 12.6 for N; 51.7, 24.8 and 3.04 for P 2 O 5 and 23.0, 71.4 and 10.0 for K 2 O, respectively. By using these basic parameters, ready reckoner of fertilizer doses was equipped for varying soil test values and desired yield targets of pea grain yield for NPK alone and NPK + FYM. © 2018, IndianJournals.com. All rights reserved.PublicationArticle Trichoderma asperellum (T42) and pseudomonas fluorescens (OKC)-enhances resistance of pea against erysiphe pisi through enhanced ROS generation and lignifications(Frontiers Research Foundation, 2017) Jai S. Patel; Ravindra N. Kharwar; Harikesh B. Singh; Ram S. Upadhyay; Birinchi K. SarmaPlant signaling mechanisms are not completely understood in plant-fungal biotrophic pathogen interactions. Further how such interactions are influenced by compatible rhizosphere microbes are also not well-studied. Therefore, we explored the pea-Erysiphe pisi (obligate biotroph) system to understand the interaction and applied compatible rhizospheric bio-agents Trichoderma asperellum (T42) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (OKC) singly or in combination to assess their influence on the host while under the pathogen challenge. Transcript accumulation pattern of some vital genes in the lignin biosynthetic pathway in pea under E. pisi challenge indicated enhanced activation of the pathway. Interestingly, transcript accumulations were even higher in the bio-agent treated plants compared to untreated plants after pathogen inoculation particularly in co-inoculated treatments. Further, down regulation of the lignifications-associated ABC transporter gene in the pathogen challenged plants possibly is an indication of passive diffusion of monolignols across the membrane from symplast. Additionally, up regulation of NADPH oxidase gene revealed ROS generation in the challenged plants which was confirmed through spectrophotometric estimation of H2O2. Up regulation of laccase and peroxidase along with higher H2O2 generation points out their involvement in lignifications which was further confirmed through cross section analysis of pea stems that showed increased lignifications in pathogen challenged plants co-inoculated with the bioagents. Interestingly, pathogen responsive MAPK homologs MAPK3/MAPK6 and the enzyme serine threonine kinase that activates MAPKs were down regulated and the results possibly indicate non-participation of the MAPK cascade in this interaction. Therefore, it can be concluded that the microbial treatments enhanced pea resistance to E. pisi by generation of ROS and lignifications. © 2017 Patel, Kharwar, Singh, Upadhyay and Sarma.PublicationArticle Variability, character association and path coefficient analysis of green pod yield and its related traits in pea (Pisum sativum L.)(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2017) Keshav K. Gautam; M.M. Syamal; A.K. Singh; Nakul GuptaGenetic variability, character association and path coefficient studies were carried out for yield and yield contributing characters for twenty-four diverse genotype of pea. The results revealed a wide range of phenotypic variation, along with high heritability in pea. Highest pod yield per plant was recorded in VRP-229 followed by VRP-372 and VRP-305. The characters namely, plant height and weight of seeds per pod showed high magnitude, while number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant and pod yield per plant showed moderate magnitude for phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation. The heritability and genetic advance were high for days to first pod initiation, plant height and pod yield per plant indicating its additive gene action for their expression. Character association studies revealed that pod yield per plant exhibit positive and highly significant correlation with number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant and days to fifty percent flowering. The path coefficient studies also revealed that maximum positive direct effect was observed through number of pods per plant followed by days to first flowering, single pod weight and pod length towards yield indicated that these characters may be considered as the most reliable selection indices while making selection for high yielding genotypes. © 2017, Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved.PublicationArticle Histo-chemical and biochemical analysis reveals association of er1 mediated powdery mildew resistance and redox balance in pea(Elsevier Masson SAS, 2016) Chinmayee Mohapatra; Ramesh Chand; Sudhir Navathe; Sandeep SharmaPowdery mildew caused by Erysiphe pisi is one of the important diseases responsible for heavy yield losses in pea crop worldwide. The most effective method of controlling the disease is the use of resistant varieties. The resistance to powdery mildew in pea is recessive and governed by a single gene er1. The objective of present study is to investigate if er1 mediated powdery mildew resistance is associated with changes in the redox status of the pea plant. 16 pea genotypes were screened for powdery mildew resistance in field condition for two years and, also, analyzed for the presence/absence of er1 gene. Histochemical analysis with DAB and NBT staining indicates accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in surrounding area of powdery mildew infection which was higher in susceptible genotypes as compared to resistant genotypes. A biochemical study revealed that the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, enzymes involved in scavenging ROS, was increased in, both, resistant and susceptible genotypes after powdery mildew infection. However, both enzymes level was always higher in resistant than susceptible genotypes throughout time course of infection. Moreover, irrespective of any treatment, the total phenol (TP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly high and low in resistant genotypes, respectively. The powdery mildew infection elevated the MDA content but decreased the total phenol in pea genotypes. Statistical analysis showed a strong positive correlation between AUDPC and MDA; however, a negative correlation was observed between AUDPC and SOD, CAT and TP. Heritability of antioxidant was also high. The study identified few novel genotypes resistant to powdery mildew infection that carried the er1 gene and provided further clue that er1 mediated defense response utilizes antioxidant machinery to confer powdery mildew resistance in pea. © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS.PublicationArticle Effect of plant types on grain yield and lodging resistance in pea (Pisum sativum L.)(Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2015) A.K. Singh; C.P. SrivastavaIn the present experiment 56 diverse pea genotypes were chosen belonging to seven different plant type groups and observations were made on eight traits related to yield and lodging. Normal foliage with reduced stipule plant type (stst genotype) found to be shortest (in terms of days to flowering and days to maturity) while, semi-leafless plant type had the highest 100-seed weight as compared to the normal plant types (LeLe AfAf TlTl StSt). On the other hand, the pleiofila with reduced stipule foliage type (afaf tltl stst) had smallest 100-seed whereas, seed yield per plant was highest in case of semi-leaf plant types in both tall and dwarf groups. Similarly, Pleiofila with normal and reduced stipule plant types in both tall and dwarf groups were found to be more lodging susceptible than the normal.The dwarf/ semi-dwarf genotypes combined with semi-leafless peas appear to be the most ideal plant type that would provide better tolerance to lodging and yields high. © 2015, Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding. All rights reserved.PublicationArticle Evaluation of slow rusting components in pea(Edizioni ETS, 2015) A.K. Singh; V.K. Singh; R. Chand; C. Kushwaha; C.P. SrivastavaInformation about slow rusting resistance to pea rust (Uromyces fabae) is limited. Five slow rusting components, i.e. area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), latent period (LP), number of pustules per leaf (NPL), pustule size (PS), number of aecial cups (NAC) and sensitivity of leaf to rust (SLR), were evaluated in 38 pea genotypes under field conditions. Estimates of correlation coefficients indicated a high negative association of LP with AUDPC (r = −0.751; P ≤ 0.001), NLP (r = −0.808; P ≤ 0.001), PS (r = −0.458; P ≤ 0.001) and NAC (r = −0.476; P ≤ 0.001). However, significant positive association was found between AUDPC and NPL (r = 0.78; P ≤ 0.001), PS and NAC (r = 0.545; P ≤ 0.001). Factor analysis showed that, three of the slow rusting components, i.e. AUDPC, LP and NPL accounted for 49.77% of the total variance as the first main factor, while the other three traits distributed within the next two factors determined 26.34% and 10.46% of the total variance, respectively. A multiple regression analysis showed that the variation in AUDPC was significantly explained by number of pustules followed by latent period. Selection for slow rusting could be based on one component since they are interdependent but, for accumulating more partial resistance in a line, selection should be based on more than one component studied. © 2015, Journal of Plant Pathology. All rights reserved.PublicationArticle Validation of SSR markers associated with rust (Uromyces fabae) resistance in pea (Pisum sativum L.)(Springer India, 2015) Anil Kumar Singh; Rashmi Rai; Brahma Deo Singh; Ramesh Chand; Chandra Prakash SrivastavaPea rust is a devastating disease of peas especially in the sub-tropical regions of the world and greatly influenced by the environmental conditions during disease development. Molecular markers associated with pea rust resistance would be useful in marker assisted selection (MAS). Utility of molecular markers associated with the pea rust resistance were evaluated in 30 diverse pea genotypes using four SSR markers (AA446 and AA505 flanking the major QTL Qruf; AD146 and AA416 flanking the minor QTL, Qruf1). QTL, Qruf flanking markers were able to identify all the resistant genotypes when used together, except Pant P 31. While, SSR markers AD146 and AA416 flanking the minor QTL, Qruf1 were able to identify all the pea resistant genotypes used for validation, except for HUDP-11 by AD146 and Pant P 31 by AA416. Similarly, SSR markers AA446 and AA505 were able to identify all the susceptible pea genotypes, except IPFD 99–13, HFP 9415 and S- 143. SSR markers AD146 and AA416 were together able to identify all the pea susceptible genotypes used for validation, except KPMR 526, KPMR 632 and IPFD 99–13. On the basis of marker allele analysis it may be concluded that SSR markers (AA446, AA505, AD146 and AA416) can be used in MAS of pea rust resistance. © 2015, Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society.PublicationArticle Effect of fertility levels and micronutrients on growth, nodulation, yield and nutrient uptake by pea (Pisum sativum L.)(2014) D.K. Singh; A.K. Singh; Mandhata Singh; Zulutemjen Jamir; O.P. SrivastavaA field experiment was conducted during winter season of 2006 - 07 and 2007 - 2008 to study the effect of different fertility levels (Fertility level F1: 30-20-2.5, P2O5-S-Zn kg/ha and Fertility level F2: 60-40-5, P2O5-S-Zn kg/ha) and micronutrients on plant growth, nodulation, production potential of pea. Results indicated that fertility level F2 (60-40-5, P2O5-S-Zn kg/ha) was found most effective in enhancing the plant growth, nodulation, yield attributes, yield, nutrient content in nodules and nutrient uptake by crop. Improvement in different form of N viz NH4-N, NO3-N, organic N, available N and total nitrogen were registered with higher fertility level. Amongst the micronutrient, combined application of micronutrients enhanced the plant growth, nodulation, yield attributes, yield, nutrient content in nodule and nutrient uptake. NH4-N, NO3-N, organic N, available N and total nitrogen were also recorded higher with combined application of micronutrients. Grain yield and nutrient (N, P and S) uptake by crop also increased to a great extent by the combined application of micronutrient (B 0.3% + Co 2+ Mo1 kg/ha) under fertility level F2.PublicationArticle Interrelationship between different characters in pea (Pisum sativum L.) using correlation and path coefficient analysis(Agri Bio Research Publishers, 2014) Chandan Kumar; Anand K. Singh; Harit Kumar; V. Manju Vani; B.V. RajkumarThe present study was carried out on correlation and path coefficient analysis in 20 diverse genotypes of pea for 12 yield and yield attributing traits. The study on correlation and path coefficient analysis indicated that the genotypic correlations were higher than their corresponding phenotypic level. The phenotypic and genotypic correlations revealed positive and highly significant association for number of pods per plant with pod yield, days to 1st pod initiation, plant height and number of primary branches per plant, while it registered negative and significant correlations with average pod weight, pod length, pod width, number of seeds per pod and average seed weight. Average pod weight recorded positive and significant correlations with pod length, pod width, number of seeds per pod and average seed weight, whereas it showed negative and significant correlations with days to 1st pod initiation, plant height, number of primary branches per plant and protein content. The path coefficient analysis revealed that the number of pods per plant, average seed weight, average pod weight, pod length, days to 50% flowering and plant height had highest positive direct effect on pod yield at phenotypic level, while number of pods per plant, average pod weight, pod length, number of seeds per pod, shelling % and pod width had the highest positive direct effect on pod yield at genotypic level. Hence, selection based on these characters will be effective in formulating selection inside for improvement of high yielding genotypes in pea.