Artificial light harvesting gel based on saponification-triggered gelation of aggregation-induced emissive BODIHYs

Abstract

The present work provides a detailed study on saponification-triggered gelation of ester-based BODIHYs (B1 and B2) derived from ethyl 4-(2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl(cyano)methylene)-hydrazinyl)-benzoate (L1) and diethyl 5-(2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl(cyano)methylene)hydrazinyl)-isophthalate (L2). The ligands and BODIHYs display good emission in the solution and solid states. This study describes the gelation of BODIHYs for the first time, wherein stable gels GL2 and GB2 were prepared via saponification-triggered gelation of L2 and B2, respectively. The gelation and optical properties of the ligands and BODIHYs were compared through single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. This work further explores the prospect of artificial light harvesting (ALH) via fabrication of ALHSs in the solution {B1/rhodamine B (RhB) and B2/RhB} and gel states (GB2/RhB). It was observed that in the presence of RhB, the emission intensities of BODIHYs and the gel decreased but those of RhB increased. The significant overlapping between the absorption spectrum of RhB and emission spectra of aggregates/gel suggests the possibility of energy transfer via noncovalent interactions. In these systems, B1, B2 and GB2 served as donors, whereas RhB served as an acceptor. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.