Constraints on dark matter boosted by supernova shock within the effective field theory framework from the CDEX-10 experiment

Abstract

Supernova shocks can boost dark matter (DM) particles to high, yet nonrelativistic, velocities, providing a suitable mechanism for analysis within the framework of the nonrelativistic effective field theory (NREFT). These accelerated DM sources extend the experimental ability to scan the parameter space of light DM into the sub-GeV region. In this study, we specifically analyze DM accelerated by the Monogem Ring supernova remnant, whose age (∼68000 yr) and distance to Earth (∼300 parsec) are strategically matched to enable detection with current terrestrial detectors. Utilizing the 205.4 kg · day data obtained from the CDEX-10 experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory, we derive new constraints on boosted DM within the NREFT framework. The NREFT coupling constant exclusion regions now penetrate the sub-GeV mass range, with optimal sensitivity achieved for operators O<inf>3</inf>, O<inf>6</inf>, O<inf>15</inf> in the 0.4–0.6 GeV mass range. © (2025), (American Physical Society). All rights reserved.