Unlocking the Potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Exploring Role in Plant Growth Promotion, Nutrient Uptake Mechanisms, Biotic Stress Alleviation, and Sustaining Agricultural Production Systems

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are symbiotic organisms that form intimate relationships with host plants by developing intracellular structures called arbuscules within root cortical cells. They are vital to natural ecosystems, offering a range of ecological benefits. They enhance the uptake and transfer of essential nutrients, influence the composition of fungal and bacterial communities in the soil, and improve soil texture and structure. They also strengthen plant resilience by mitigating the effects of salinity, drought, extreme temperatures, pathogens, pests, and weeds. They support plant defense mechanisms through the production of antimicrobial compounds, induction of defense-related biomolecules, and activation of resistance genes. This article provides a thorough review of recent research on the interactions between plant nutrients and AMF. It explores key mechanisms in nutrient uptake, and examines the morphological, biochemical, and molecular changes in plants colonized by AMF. Additionally, the article discusses AMF's crucial role in alleviating biotic stress. By shedding light on these aspects, the review identifies research gaps and suggests future directions. Harnessing AMF's potential can reduce dependence on agrochemicals and promote a more sustainable agricultural system. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.