Buoyancy driven non-Newtonian Prandtl-Eyring nanofluid flow in Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium over inclined non-linear expanding sheet with double stratification

Abstract

In the existence of mixed convection and double stratification, the 2D, viscous, incompressible, steady, laminar boundary layer flow of Prandtl-Eyring nanofluid over the inclined non-linear expanding sheet in Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium is scrutinized. To analyze the impacts of Brownian motion and thermophoretic force on diffusion of nanoparticles Buongiorno model has been utilized. Flow governing equations are non-linear, higher order, coupled PDEs with no slip boundary condition, which are transforming into coupled, non-linear, higher order ODEs via suitable transformations. Obtained ODEs are solved using MATLAB bvp4c function. The impacts of flow governing parameters on flow associated distributions are acknowledged through graphs. In limiting sense, to check the credibility of numerical method, present results are compared with previously published data. The analysis reveals that fluid velocity displays an enhancement with first Prandtl-Eyring parameter α and a diminution with second Prandtl-Eyring parameter β. Whereas, due to presence of both stratifications (thermal and solutal) there is a decline in fluid velocity. Also, nanofluid temperature is augmented with Forchheimer number (Formula presented.) and inclination angle γ, whereas it declines with α and thermal stratification parameter (Formula presented.). Nanoparticle concentration escalates with γ, whereas it drops with concentration stratification parameter (Formula presented.). For larger thermophoresis parameter Nt, the nanoparticle concentration achieves higher level than its initial value in mid-region of boundary layer, while near surface it assumes lower value. The surface drag-force elevates with β and Nt. Whereas surface cooling rate enhances with (Formula presented.) and it weakens with (Formula presented.). © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.