Highly sensitive and selective determination of dopamine using screen-printed electrodes modified with nanocomposite of N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine/multiwalled carbon nanotubes/nafion

Abstract

The presented research investigation focuses on the electroanalytical sensing of dopamine using disposable and economic nanocomposite based screen-printed bulk modified electrodes. A multiwalled nanotube based nanostructured composite of N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine and nafion was prepared. The prepared composite has been characterized morphologically using X-Ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy while the other physical characterization were carried out via Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements and thermal gravimetric analysis. The material was further employed within a graphitic ink for the development of a next generation sensor, which can be mass produced at an economical rate allowing for further development of this technology from the laboratory into the field. The electroanalytical determination of dopamine is found to be possible over the concentration range of 1μM–110 μM with a corresponding limit of detection of 0.01 μM (based on 3-sigma). In this paper, we demonstrate proof-of-concept that provides a rapid strategy for the determination of dopamine within real samples. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd