Spatio-temporal Study of Pond Water Quality using Principal Component Analysis: A Geographical Study of Jaunpur City

Abstract

Green spaces, such as parks; urban forests; vacant plot, gardens and yards, campus areas, landfills and blue spaces, including streams, lakes, ponds, artificial swales and storm water retention ponds are the diverse of habitats of urban ecosystem. To offer a safe shelter in the urban environment; wetlands, ponds, swales and trenches for water storage can promote the biodiversity of aquatic organisms. Ponds of a geographical area always play an significant role to preserve the potentiality of groundwater, maintenance of aesthetic beauty with their untouched view for their locality, etc. Anthropogenic pollutants (sewage flow, solid waste, road salt and heavy metals, etc.), invasive species and active mismanagement-particularly the removal of riparian vegetation are the major anthropogenic stressors with results of the worsen condition of aquatic urban biodiversity. The heavy load of sewage water and solid waste in absence of sewerage connection or negligence of waste collection in the city are poorly reducing the area of water bodies, for example ponds, lakes, etc. Being a developing country, India, have prosperous freshwater resources in the form of rivers, kunds, ponds and lakes, etc. District Jaunpur of Uttar Pradesh is popularly known for its ponds. The city, situated on the bank of river Gomti which bisects the city of Jaunpur (located between 25°44′ to 25°46′ north latitude and 82°40′ to 82°43′ east longitude) in the north and south directions. The developments, urbanization and load of the various pollutant sources lead to deterioration of the ponds. Population growth and urbanisation rate in the city is very high during last few decades. There are about nine to ten ponds are located within the city. This study aims to investigate the level of physico- chemical properties, spatio-temporal distribution and also wish to find out the major component (using PCA) among all the parameters of major urban ponds in the ecological system of Jaunpur city which is located within the municipal area of the city. © 2022 - Kalpana Corporation.