SUBJECT II SUSTAINING LIVELIHOODS: THE ROLE OF LIVESTOCK, POULTRY AND FISHERIES IN RURAL ECONOMY Assessing Sustainability of Livestock Sector in India

Abstract

The paper evaluates the sustainability of livestock production across 28 states and 9 Union Territories during the periods covered by the 2012 and 2019 livestock censuses. The study uses a three-pillar economic, ecological, and social sustainability model to develop the Sustainable Livestock Production Index (SLPI). The results indicate an overall improvement in sustainability across India, although ecological sustainability has declined in some hilly regions, primarily due to environmental degradation and reduced forest cover. The study also reveals a reduction in the cattle population and disparities in veterinary institutions in regions known for milk production, which has negatively impacted economic sustainability. The research highlights the need for region-specific strategies to address these issues, providing policymakers with a valuable tool to create action plans that improve sustainability in the livestock sector. The findings underscore the importance of balancing economic growth with ecological conservation to ensure the sector’s long-term sustainability, particularly in India's growing livestock population and evolving agricultural practices. © 2024 Indian Society of Agricultural Economics. All rights reserved.