Elemental Composition and Petrographic Analysis of Coal in the Sohagpur Coalfield With Implications for Environmental Management

Abstract

This paper aims to provide an overview of the geochemistry and mineralogical characterisation of coal within the Sohagpur coalfield, located in the Burhar–Amlai Sub Basin of Madhya Pradesh, India. The study involves the determination of proximate and ultimate analysis components, major elements, and trace elements by using various techniques, including x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), oranic petrography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Petrological studies identify the types of macerals and minerals associated in coals, assess their concentration, and examine their association with elements found in the coal samples. Our research also delves into the environmental implications of these elements, particularly those considered environmentally sensitive, such as As, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Th and U. These findings are crucial for understanding the potential environmental impact associated with the utilisation of coal. This study identified several major sources of these elements within the coal, including silicate minerals (Quartz and Feldspar), oxides (Haematite, Rutile and Anatase), sulphides (Pyrite and Marcasite), sulphates (Gypsum) and carbonates (Calcite). Recognising these sensitive components is vital as they require mitigation or elimination before coal utilisation to minimise environmental risks. Our study delivers a valuable understanding of the geochemical composition and mineralogical characteristics of coal in the Sohagpur coalfield, highlighting the importance of environmental considerations in the utilisation of these resources. © 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.