Exploring the Perceptions of Vulnerability to Victimization Among Women: A Case Study of Sambalpur City, India

Abstract

Vulnerability reflects an individual’s belief in their susceptibility to adverse outcomes and their sense of exposure to potential danger or misfortune. This study explores how women’s perceived vulnerability influences their perceptions of victimization risk in the urban context of Sambalpur city, India. Focusing on females aged 15–49 years, the research employs qualitative methodologies, including in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs), analysed using a phenomenological approach. The findings highlight that women’s perceptions of physical vulnerability, socio-psychological harm associated with sexual crimes, fear of coercion for sexual favours, and experiences of personal or vicarious victimization significantly shape their sense of vulnerability and fear of crime in the city. These insights underscore the need for proactive measures to address these factors, fostering inclusive and supportive urban environments where women can navigate public spaces confidently and without undue fear or anxiety. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.