Role of protozoa in the bioremediation of industrial wastewater

Abstract

Protozoa are underrated microorganisms in the field of bioremediation. Flagellates, ciliates, and amoebae exhibit unique contributions to these processes. Moreover, protozoa demonstrate potential in bioremediating specific contaminants, including copper, hydrocarbons, and potentially uranium in groundwater or waste water management. Their grazing activity on bacteria, nutrient excretion, and growth factor release accelerate carbon mineralization in the activated sludge. Although their indirect effects are less pronounced under low substrate conditions, protozoa are primary bacterivorous grazers, contributing to effluent clarification and reducing pathogenic bacteria. Protozoan bioremediation has the potential of becoming a valuable asset for environmental sustainability. This chapter briefly discuss the bioremediation process and the ability of the protozoans in the degradation of environmental contaminents. © 2025