BaTiO3/rGO nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode for electrochemical sensing of 4‑nitrophenol and dopamine in real samples

Abstract

Here we report a novel electrochemical sensor based on Barium titanate / reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (BaTiO3/rGO) for precise detection of 4-nitrophenol and Dopamine. The electrochemical characteristics of both analytes were studied using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a BaTiO3/rGO composite film. Incorporating reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets with BaTiO3 nanoparticles notably improved the electrochemical reactivity of these analytes. The modified electrochemical sensor exhibits a wide linear detection range of 5 to 50 µM for 4-nitrophenol, with a remarkably low detection limit of 0.44 µM. Similarly, dopamine detection demonstrates consistent linearity spanning from 2.5 to 50 µM, with an impressive detection limit of 0.08 µM. Real-world assessments using tap water and human urine samples underscore the exceptional recovery results, highlighting its practical utility. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2023.