Elucidating the impact of persistent organic pollutants on male reproductive health and testicular structure

Abstract

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are environmental contaminants that pose significant health risks due to their widespread distribution. This study examines the effects of POPs on male reproductive health using realistic human exposure scenarios. Male mice exposed to 28 ng of POPs for 35 days exhibited detrimental effects on sperm motility and count, significant changes in germ cell composition, and compromised steroidogenesis. Histopathological analyses revealed testicular architecture alterations and abnormal lipid accumulation in the interstitial space, potentially hindering steroidogenesis and Leydig cell function. Western blot and immunofluorescence studies showed reduced levels of steroidogenic markers. Flow cytometry indicated a decrease in round spermatids, suggesting impaired spermatogenesis. Molecular investigations revealed reduced mRNA expression of critical steroidogenic enzymes, while increased apoptotic markers and DNA fragmentation suggested apoptosis as a mechanism. This study highlights the need for stricter regulations and improved environmental health policies to mitigate the adverse effects of POPs on male reproductive health. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.